1、Designation: D5571 16Standard Test Method forEnvironmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of PlasticTighthead Drums Not Exceeding 60 Gal (227 L) in RatedCapacity1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5571; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides an indication of the environ-mental stress
3、 crack resistance of plastic tighthead drums as asummation of the effects of container design, resin, manufac-turing conditions, field performance, and other factors.1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate a plasticdrums resistance to failure by cracking when in the presenceof chemical and phys
4、ical stresses.1.3 Two procedures are provided as follows:1.3.1 Procedure AInternal pressure stress crack resistancemethod to nonyl phenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol solution,a stress cracking reagent. The internal pressure is controlled ata constant elevated pressure and temperature.1.3.2 Procedure
5、BTop-load stress crack resistance methodto nonyl phenoxypoly ethanol, a stress cracking reagent. Thecompressive top load is controlled at a constant weight whilemaintaining an elevated temperature.1.4 Although these procedures are not designed to test theability of the closure or closure gasket mate
6、rial to retain the testreagent, the inclusion of closure failure as a container failuremode is optional. However, leakage through a closure mayaffect the internal pressure that could affect the test results.1.5 This test method does not attempt to address all factorsthat could lead to stress crackin
7、g of plastic drums. The user ofthis standard may use other test parameters, such as top loads,chemical reagents, etc., as agreed upon between the user andsupplier in the event of a drum qualification or purchaseagreement.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. Th
8、e SI units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bilit
9、y of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warningstatements are given in 6.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4577 Test Method for Compression Resistance of a Con-tainer Under Constant LoadE122 Practice for Calculating S
10、ample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsReference Terminology D996 for defini-tions of terms applicable to this test method.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 environmental stress cracka cr
11、ack that developswhen a plastic drum is exposed to chemical and physicalstresses.3.2.2 plastic tighthead drumA non-removable head plas-tic drum, maximum capacity not exceeding 60 gal (227 L),with openings for filling and emptying not exceeding 2.76 in.(70 mm) in diameter.3.2.3 stress crack failurean
12、y environmental stress crackthat penetrates through the thickness of the drum resulting in aloss or leakage of the test reagent shall be interpreted as afailure.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Procedure AExposes a minimum of three partly filledplastic drums to the action of a stress cracking reagent, w
13、ithin1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on ShippingContainers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approvedin 199
14、4. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D557194 (2010). DOI:10.1520/D5571-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag
15、e onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1the container, at an elevated internal pressure and elevatedtemperature. The test duration shall be 14 days, or as specifiedby the user.4.2 Procedure BExposes a mini
16、mum of three plasticdrums to a mechanical top load at elevated temperatures. Thedrums are filled to rated capacity with a stress cracking reagentand sealed prior to the load being applied. The test durationshall be 14 days, or as specified by the user.5. Significance and Use5.1 These procedures prov
17、ide an indication of the environ-mental stress-crack resistance of plastic tighthead drums. Thistest method may be used for determining the applicability ofvarious plastic resins, mold designs, processing techniques andparameters for plastic tighthead drums.5.2 Environmental stress cracking is indic
18、ative of whatresults when a container is exposed to chemical agents such assoaps, organics, bleaches, or any surface active solutions whileunder conditions of stress.5.3 Environmental stress cracking is a mechanism of chemi-cal attack that is highly dependent upon the test reagent, resin,container m
19、anufacturing or processing history, exposuretemperature, applied stress and other factors. The combinationof these factors may result in eventual stress crack failure.5.4 Both procedures minimize the potential for test variabil-ity by providing the user with rigidly defined test conditions.This test
20、 method may be used as design qualification andauditing tools for plastic tighthead drums.5.5 This test method is not meant to provide a quantitativevalue of measurement (that is, number of days to failure). It isintended only as a pass/fail procedure in accordance withusers specifications, or as ag
21、reed upon between the user andsupplier. It is not intended as a predictor or indicator of fieldperformance regarding time to failure.6. Apparatus6.1 Environmental ChamberThe environmental chambershould be capable of maintaining a temperature control of62.5F (61.4C) of set point. For best circulation
22、 and aconstant temperature throughout, a forced air system is recom-mended.6.2 Top Load (for Procedure B only)Requires free weights(dead load) be placed on top of the specimens in amountsnecessary to equal the specified top load. The deadload baseshould be of sufficient dimensions to completely cove
23、r the topperimeter of the drum. A calibrated pneumatic or hydrauliccylinder may be substituted for the free weights. (WarningThe potential exists for catastrophic stress-crack failure caus-ing an instability of the applied topload. Precautionary stepsshould be taken (that is, allow drum failure but
24、restrain the topload) to reduce the chance of injury to the operator or damageto the chamber and surrounding test drums.)6.3 For Procedure A Only:6.3.1 The essential parts of this apparatus are shown in Fig.1. The necessary equipment is as follows:6.3.1.1 Clean (Compressed) Air Supply, of sufficient
25、 pres-sure to operate regulator and maintain regulated pressure todrums.6.3.1.2 Pressure Regulator, to reduce line pressure to 2.0 60.1 psi (13.8 6 0.7 kPa).6.3.1.3 Pressure Gages, calibrated to indicate a pressure of2.0 6 0.05 psi (13.8 6 0.34 kPa).6.3.1.4 Ball Valvesee Fig. 2.6.3.1.5 Pressure Reli
26、ef Valve, to prevent over pressurizing(ruptured disc-type recommended).7. Reagent7.1 Nonyl Phenoxypoly Ethanol SolutionPrepare a 10 %solution, by volume, of the stress cracking agent and water insufficient volume to fill the specified number of drums to 10 %rated capacity for Procedure A, and to rat
27、ed capacity forProcedure B. (It may be helpful to add an indicator dye to thesolution to aid in the detection of micro-leaks).NOTE 1Due to the viscosity of the stress cracking agent, it may behelpful to prepare the solution at an elevated temperature. A maximumtemperature of 122F (50C) is an accepta
28、ble level provided caution isused to avoid prolonged heating and eventual volume losses.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Procedure AFIG. 2 Quick Connect With Ball ValveD5571 1628. Sampling8.1 A minimum of three drums is required for this test.When possible, for direct comparison, the test drums should beproduce
29、d on the same equipment, including mold and underidentical conditions from the same production lot. It is sug-gested that the test drum resin, machine, mold (if applicable)and process conditions be thoroughly documented to improvestatistical reliability of the test data (see Practice E122).9. Condit
30、ioning9.1 Condition empty test drums at ambient conditions for 48h prior to testing.10. Procedure10.1 Procedure AInternal Pressure Stress Crack Resis-tance Method:10.1.1 Place the chamber set point at 122F (50.0C) andallow it to reach equilibrium. Precondition test reagent to 1226 2.5F (50.0 6 1.4C)
31、 and fill each test specimen to 10 % ofrated capacity with the preconditioned test reagent. Apply theclosures and torque according to the drum manufacturersrecommendations. Invert the drum and then place on its sideand roll the drum a distance equal to twice the circumferencein order to thoroughly c
32、oat the inside surfaces of the drum withthe reagent. Place test specimens upright in the chamber on aneven horizontal surface.10.1.2 Affix air pressure apparatus to top head of drum andapply 2.0 6 0.1 psi (13.8 6 1.4 kPa) pressure. Check drum forleaks around fittings and closures at start of test, a
33、nd again after8 hours. Any leaks should be noted and sealed.10.1.3 Visually inspect the test specimens every 24 hoursfor any evidence of stress crack failure. Recoat the insidesurfaces of the drum with test reagent every 48 hours.Recoating is performed by closing the ball valve (to maintaininternal
34、pressure), detaching the air supply, and inverting thedrum and rolling it a distance equal to twice its circumference.If no stress cracks are evident (which would be indicated bybubbling or leaking of the reagent through the failure) imme-diately put the drum back on test with the applied air pressu
35、re.If stress cracks are evident, record the location of the failure. Iftest drums have not failed after a predetermined duration, thetest is terminated with the drums successfully meeting estab-lished criteria.10.2 Procedure BTop Load Stress Crack ResistanceMethod:10.2.1 Place the oven set point con
36、trol at 122F (50C) andallow it to reach equilibrium. Precondition test reagent to 1226 2.5F (50.0 6 1.4C). Fill each specimen to its ratedcapacity with the preconditioned test reagent. Apply non-vented closures to the drum and torque according to the drummanufacturers recommendations. Place the test
37、 specimensupright in the oven on an even horizontal surface.NOTE 2If the drum is normally shipped with vented closures then thetest may be performed using vented closures, however the results mightdiffer from drums tested with non-vented closures.10.2.2 The top load test shall conform to Test Method
38、D4577. Place the top load (as recommended in Table 1,orasagreed upon between user and supplier) on the drum.NOTE 3The potential exists for catastrophic drum failure. Care shouldbe taken to prevent reagent spillage and ensure top load stability (see 6.2).For drums with rated capacities other than tho
39、se in Table 1, with capacitiesexceeding 7 gal (26.5 L), the top load values may be determined bymultiplying the rated capacity by 20 lbs (9.0 kg).10.2.3 Inspect the test drums every 24 hours for anyevidence of stress crack failure. Inspection is performedwithout removing the top load from the test d
40、rum. Stress cracksmay be more easily detected by placing the drum on a moistureindicating medium, such as paper. The moisture indicatingmedium will allow the detection of small leaks which other-wise may evaporate. Record the location of any failure thatoccurs. If the test drums have not failed afte
41、r a predeterminedduration, the test is terminated with the drum successfullymeeting the established performance criteria.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Procedure used (Procedure A or B),11.1.2 Complete description of the drums tested, includingstyle, resin properties, process
42、ing conditions, pigment loadinglevels, percent of regrind resin, closures (vented or non-vented), and any other pertinent information,11.1.3 Number of drums tested,11.1.4 Reagent or product description,11.1.5 Temperature conditioning levels,11.1.6 Applied air pressure or top load value,11.1.7 Method
43、 and frequency of evaluation for stress-crackfailure,11.1.8 Method and frequency of inspection and recoating,11.1.9 Detailed description of pass/fail criteria and how thetest specimen performed to the criteria, and11.1.10 Location and types of failures.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Precision and BiasNo
44、 statement is made about eitherthe precision or bias of this test method for measuringenvironmental stress crack resistance since the results merelystate whether there is conformance to the performance criteriaspecified in the procedure.13. Keywords13.1 drum; environmental stress crack; internal pre
45、ssure;plastic; stacking; stress crack; tightheadTABLE 1 Recommended Top LoadsDrum Rated Capacity, gal (L) Top Load Weight, lbs (kg)5 thru 7 (18.9 thru 26.5) 200 (90.6)15 (56.8) 300 (136.0)30 (113.6) 600 (272.2)55 (208.2) 1100 (499.0)D5571 163ASTM International takes no position respecting the validi
46、ty of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subjec
47、t to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarte
48、rs. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard
49、is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/
