1、Designation: D5575 07 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Classification System forCopolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) with OtherFluorinated Monomers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This classification system covers both developing prop-erty designations and specific
3、ations for thermoplastic compo-sitions consisting of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) polymersmodified with other fluoromonomers and property-enhancingadditives. The other fluoromonomers include one or more ofthe following: hexafluoropropylene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene(TFE), and chlorotrifluoroethylene (C
4、TFE). The additives arethose that improve its flame resistance, processing, or physicalproperties. However, these additives are not normally consid-ered to be reinforcing. This classification system covers ther-moplastic compositions supplied in pellet or powder forms.1.2 A designation or specificat
5、ion applies only to the virginpolymers prepared from vinylidene fluoride (50 weight %)with one or more of the following comonomers:hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and chlorotrifluoro-ethylene. Some polymers contain additives to enhance certainproperties.1.3 This system constitutes a line c
6、allout as a means ofdesignating and specifying properties of VDF-based copoly-mers. At least four of the designated properties are used todefine a polymers specification. Specification criteria frominternational documents can be used if their criteria matchdesignation properties currently used by th
7、is classificationsystem.2This classification system is not intended for theselection of materials.1.4 The manufacturer of the virgin resin shall establish thedesignation of a resin based on the property value criteria inthis classification system.1.5 The minimum specification properties are establis
8、hed bythis classification system. Additional specification properties,based on the designation properties cited, can be established bythe resin supplier and customer.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.7 The property tests are intended to provide informationfor specific
9、ations of modified VDF-copolymer compositions. Itis not the purpose of this classification system to provideengineering data for design purposes.NOTE 1Although the values listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table4, and Table 5 are necessary to include the range of properties available inexisting ma
10、terials, they are not to be interpreted as implying that everypossible combination of the properties exists or can be obtained. It ispossible for a user or designer, using Tables 1-5, to call out propertyrelationships that are physically impossible to occur in a copolymer madeusing current technolog
11、y.NOTE 2Many of these polymers exhibit polymorphism.3The type andextent of crystalline structure will vary with the thermomechanical historyof the sample. Properties vary based on the technique used to prepare thespecimens.1.8 Test methods used in this classification system can resultin the incident
12、al production of hazardous materials. ModifiedVDF polymer fluoroplastics melt between 90 and 182C (194and 359F) and are thermally stable up to about 350C (662F),or somewhat higher, depending on the composition.(WarningEvolution of corrosive, colorless, and toxic hydro-gen fluoride can occur under ce
13、rtain conditions.)1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to u
14、se. See Warning in 1.8and Section 10 for specific hazards statements.NOTE 3Many, but not all of the codes and specifications found in thisclassification system are also in ISO 12086-1 and ISO 12086-2.1This classification system is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the dir
15、ect responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5575 - 07.This standard is needed to cover commercial products outside the scope ofSpecification
16、D3222. DOI: 10.1520/D5575-07R13.2Fluoropolymer property specification data from international standards caninclude properties intentionally excluded from this classification system (forexample, composition). The only property criteria from other documents that can beused are those having similar pro
17、perties allowed under the designation system.3Lovinger, A. J., “Poly(vinylidene fluoride),” Developments in CrystallinePolymers, Vol 1, Chapter 5, D.C. Bassett, Ed., Applied Science, London, 1982.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr
18、Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4NOTE 4For ASTM and ISO documents, the equivalent or a compa-rable method is listed after each citation in parentheses.D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permit-tivity
19、(Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical InsulationD257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of
20、 Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum OxygenConcentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion o
21、fPlastics (Oxygen Index)D3222 Specification for Unmodified Poly(Vinylidene Fluo-ride) (PVDF) Molding Extrusion and Coating MaterialsD3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and En-thalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers byDifferential Scanning CalorimetryD3835 Test Method for Determi
22、nation of Properties ofPolymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary RheometerD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4591 Test Method for Determining Temperatures andHeats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by DifferentialScanning CalorimetryD4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
23、Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or SheetsD5740 Guide for Writing Material Standards in the Classi-fication FormatIEEE/ASTM S110 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI)2.2 IEC and ISO Standards:5IEC 60093 Recommended Methods of Test for Volume andSurface Resistivities of Ele
24、ctrical Insulating MaterialsIEC 60250 Recommended Methods for the Determination ofthe Permittivity and Dielectric Dissipation Factor ofElectrical Insulating Materials at Power, Audio and RadioFrequencies Including Metre WavelengthsISO 291 PlasticsStandard Atmospheres for Conditioningand Testing (Pra
25、ctice D618)ISO 293 PlasticsCompression Molding Test Specimensof Thermoplastic Materials (Practice 4703)ISO 472 PlasticsVocabulary (Terminology D883)ISO 527/1,2,3 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Properties(Test Method D638)ISO 1043/1 PlasticsSymbolsPart 1: Symbols for BasicPolymers and Their Special
26、 Characteristics (TerminologyD883)ISO 1043/2 PlasticsSymbolsPart 2: Fillers and Rein-forcing Materials (Terminology D883)ISO 1133 PlasticsDetermination of the Melt Mass-FlowRate (MFR) and the Melt Volume-Flow Rate (MVR) ofThermoplastics (Test Method D1238)ISO 1183 PlasticsMethods for Determining Den
27、sity and4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Available from American National Standards Institute
28、 (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.TABLE 1 Codes for the Information on Fluoropolymers Used inData Block 1Code MeaningA modifiedB block copolymerH homopolymerK copolymerL graft polymerR random copolymerZ otherTABLE 2 Code-Letters Used in Data Block 2 (IntendedA
29、pplication or Method of Processing, Essential Properties,Additives, or Other InformationCode Position 1 Code Positions 2 to 8A adhesives C coloredB blow molding D powderB1 extrusion blow molding D2 free-flowingB2 injection blow molding D3 not free-flowingC calendaring E expandableE extrusion F speci
30、al burning characteristicsG general use F1 nonflammableH coating F2 flame retardedH1 powder coating F4 reduced smoke emissionH2 dip coating G granulesK cable and wire coating G1 pelletsL monofilament extrusion L light and weather stabilizedM molding (injection/transfer) M nucleatedQ compression mold
31、ing N natural (no color added)R rotational molding N1 suitable for food contactV thermoforming N2 high purityX no indication P impact modifiedY textile yarns, spinning R mold release agentZ other S lubricatedT transparentT1 translucentT2 opaqueW1 improved chemical resistanceY increased electrical co
32、nductivityZ antistaticTABLE 3 Designatory and Specification Properties for Data Block3Position NumberAProperty1Bmelt temperature2Bmelt flow rate/melt viscosity3Btensile strength and modulus4 tensile elongation5Bdensity6 electrical7 flammability by oxygen index (OI)8 specimen preparation method and t
33、ypeAProperty test information for Positions 1 to 7 are given in Section 8.BPositions 1, 2, 3, and 5 are mandated as the minimum specification properties.D5575 07 (2013)2Relative Density of Non-Cellular Plastics (Test MethodsD792)ISO 4589 PlasticsDetermination of Flammability By Oxy-gen IndexISO 1208
34、6-1 Fluoropolymer Dispersion and Molding andExtrusion MaterialsPart 1: Designation and Specifica-tionISO 12086-2 Fluoropolymer Dispersion and Molding andExtrusion MaterialsPart 2: Preparation of Test Speci-mens and Determination of Properties3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 copolymera polymer der
35、ived from more than onespecies of monomer.3.1.2 fluoroplastica plastic based on polymers made withmonomers containing one or more atoms of fluorine, orcopolymers of such monomers with other monomers, thefluoro-monomer(s) being in the greatest amount by mass.ISO 12086-13.1.3 monomera low-molecular-we
36、ight substance consist-ing of molecules capable of reacting with like or unlikemolecules to form a polymer.3.1.4 thermoplastica plastic that repeatedly can be soft-ened by heating and hardened by cooling through a tempera-ture range characteristic of the plastic, and that in the softenedstate can be
37、 shaped by flow into articles by molding orextrusion.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 amorphousnoncrystalline or devoid of regular struc-ture.3.2.2 contaminationthe presence of nonpolymer particu-late and debris in the polymer, excluding any property-enhancing additives.3.2.3
38、 fluoropolymersynonymous with fluoroplastic.3.2.4 melt-processiblecapable of being processed by, forexample, injection molding, screw extrusion, and other opera-tions typically used with thermoplastics.TABLE 4 Date Block 3Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4Code Tm, CMelt Viscosity/Melt-Flow
39、Rate Tensile Strength Tensile ElongationCodeMelt-FlowRate,g/10 minLoad,kgMeltVis-cosity,Pa/sATemp-era-ture,CCodeYieldStrength,MPaModulus,MPaCode Yield, % Break, %a 250 b 15 to 500 c 20 to 100 d 25 to1500 e 30 to2000 230 f 35 to2500 125 g 40 to30 300 to 3000 h 45 to3500 i 50 to6000 i 400 to 800m 130
40、to 10E3 a 10E12 c 50 to 90 g ISO 527 Type 6Ah 2.2 to0.1000 x xy y 14 y yz not specified z not specified not specified z not specified zD5575 07 (2013)44.3.2 If only one letter is given (for example, E), it mustapply to Position 1. Whenever there is an indication ofproperties, etc., in Positions 2 to
41、 8, a code in Position 1 isrequired. The code “X” indicates that no other letter code isappropriate. An alphabetical order is recommended if morethan one code letter is used in Positions 2 to 8.NOTE 5Selecting the application or processing method for Position 1of Data Block 2 must be done carefully.
42、 Many polymers are capable ofmore than one application or method of processing (for example,extrusion (E) and molding (M) resins must be coded “general use” (G).Coding for special methods of processing must be reserved for polymersonly designed for the application.4.4 Data Block 3:4.4.1 Data Block 3
43、 is used as the designation or generaldescription of the fluoropolymers properties. The propertyvalues are presented by code letters in seven of eight positionswithin Data Block 3. Each position represents a specificproperty listed in Table 3. Table 4 lists the code letterscorresponding to the vario
44、us property values. The values aredetermined by the methods cited in Section 8. At least four ofthe seven properties are specification properties. Position 8cites specimen preparation methods when the designation isconverted to a specification.4.4.1.1 Each position shall contain one or more code let
45、ters,depending on the property cited. The positions are separated bya hyphen (-). Use of an asterisk (*) or question mark (?) beforethe code letters denotes that property as a specification prop-erty.4.4.1.2 The resin manufacturer shall assign the codes inData Block 3, based on test results from Tab
46、le 4. If test valueslie on, or on either side of, a cell limit because of manufactur-ing tolerances, the resin manufacturer shall state which cellwill designate.NOTE 6Properties other than those in this classification system or donot have standard test methods are outside of the property focus of th
47、edocument scope (for example, comonomer ratios).4.4.2 Melting Endotherm Peak Temperature (Position 1)Melting endotherm peak temperature shall be determined inaccordance with the principles of Test Methods D3418 andD4591. Semicrystalline polymers shall use melting endothermpeak temperature as a desig
48、natory property. Cell codes andranges are given in Table 4.4.4.3 Melt-Flow Rate or Melt Viscosity (Position 2)Meltviscosity (MV) shall be determined using Test Method D3835.Melt-flow rate (MFR) shall be determined in accordance withTest Method D1238 or ISO 1133, using test conditions selectedfrom Ta
49、ble 4. The melt viscosity or the melt-flow rate isindicated in Data Block 3 by the cell code and ranges inaccordance with Table 4, followed by the codes for tempera-ture and load for MFR and shear rate for MV also included inTable 4. Order for Position 2 is as follows:Position 2 Order1st = MFR2nd = MFR load3rd=MV4th = Temperature4.4.4 Tensile Strength Properties (Positions 3 and 4)Tensile-strength properties shall be determined in accordancewith the principles of Test Method D638 or ISO 527 modifiedby details given in 8.9 or ISO 12086-2. Tab
