1、Designation: D5582 00 (Reapproved 2006)D5582 14Standard Test Method forDetermining Formaldehyde Levels from Wood ProductsUsing a Desiccator1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5582; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a small scale procedure for measuring formaldehyde emission potent
3、ial from wood products.products under defined test conditions. The formaldehyde level is determined by collecting air-borne formaldehyde in a smalldistilled water reservoir within a closed desiccator. The quantity of formaldehyde is determined by a modification of the NationalInstitute for Occupatio
4、nal Safety and Health (NIOSH) 3500 chromotropic acid test procedure. Other analytical procedures may beused to determine formaldehyde emission potential provided that such methods give similar results to the chromotropic acidprocedure. However, the test results and test report must be properly quali
5、fied and the analytical procedure employed must benoted. Procedures based on acetylacetone and pararosaniline have been found to give similar results to chromotropic acid in othertest methods used in determining formaldehyde emission potential from wood products (see Test Method E1333).1.2 Wood prod
6、ucts typically evaluated by this test method are made with urea-formaldehyde adhesives and includeparticleboard, hardwood, plywood, and medium-density fiberboard. This test method is used for product quality control and is asmall bench test method that correlates with the large-scale acceptance test
7、 for determining formaldehyde levels from woodproducts, Test Method E1333. The general desiccator testing procedure may be modified for different conditioning times toaccommodate its use in manufacturing quality control. However, the test results must be properly qualified and the conditioningtime e
8、mployed must be noted.NOTE 1If modifications are made to the conditioning period for quality control purposes, it is important that the modification is consistently applied.Otherwise, the results may not be comparable.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values g
9、iven in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulat
10、orylimitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6 and 8.2.5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of ThermometersE337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperature
11、s)E1333 Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air and Emission Rates from Wood Products Using aLarge Chamber2.2 HUD Document:24 CFR 3280, Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards, Federal Register, Vol 49, No. 15532.3 NIOSH Document:Formaldehyde Method 3500, U.S. Depa
12、rtment of Health, and Human Services32.4 Other Documents:Minnesota Statutes Section 144.495, 325F.18, and 325F.181, Formaldehyde Gases in Building Materials41 This test method is under the jurisditionjurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 o
13、n Panel Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006Aug. 1, 2014. Published December 2006September 2014. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20002006as D5582 00.D5582 00 (2006). DOI: 10.1520/D5582-00R06.10.1520/D5582-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM websi
14、te, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphi
15、a, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.4 Available from Print Communications, Dept. of Administration, 117 University Ave., St. Paul, MN 55155.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the p
16、revious version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM
17、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1California Air Resources Board (CARB), California Code of Regulations Sections 93120-93120.12, Title 17 Airborne ToxicControl Measure to Reduce Formaldehyde Emissions from Composite Wood Products53. S
18、ignificance and Use3.1 Limitations on formaldehyde levels have been established on formaldehyde emission levels for wood panel buildingproducts made with urea-formaldehyde adhesives and permanently installed in homes or used as components in kitchen cabinetsand for similar industrial products. This
19、test method is used in conjunction with the test method referenced by HUD Rules andRegulations 24 CFR 3280 for manufactured housing housing, California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulation 93120, and byMinnesota Statutes Section 144.495 for housing units and building materials. This test method pro
20、vides a means of testingsmall-size samples to determine formaldehyde emission potential.3.2 This test method incorporates a desiccator, with the desiccant removed, having a 250-mm (10-in.) inside diameter and avolume of approximately 10.5 L (641 in.)in.3) with the desiccator lid in place. Conditions
21、 controlled in the procedure are asfollows:3.2.1 Conditioning of panel products prior to testing,3.2.2 Specified number, size, and edge sealing of wood specimens to be placed in the desiccator,3.2.3 Test desiccator temperature, and3.2.4 Samples from the 25-mL distilled water collection medium in the
22、 petri dish bottom are analyzed for formaldehyde at theend of a 2-h period in the closed desiccator.3.3 This test method employs a single set of environmental conditions to assess formaldehyde emission potential from certainwood products.When the relationship between desiccator test values and large
23、-chamber test values are to be determined, the valuesfor the specific wood panel product type shall be plotted. This test method does allow a comparison of formaldehyde levels fromdifferent products for the same use.NOTE 2Care must be exercised in the extension of the results to actual formaldehyde
24、emission from products under actual use conditions.4. Interferences4.1 The NIOSH 3500 analytical method lists phenols as a negative interference when present at an 8:1 excess overformaldehyde. Modifications in the analytical procedure shall be made when this test method is used to accurately determi
25、ne theformaldehyde emission potential from wood products made with phenol-formaldehyde adhesive systems.6, 75. Apparatus5.1 DesiccatorThe interior volume of the desiccator shall be 10.5 L (641 in.).in.3). Any desiccant shall have been removed,the interior of the desiccator thoroughly cleaned, and th
26、e porcelain desiccator plate replaced in the desiccator. The bearing areasof the desiccator and desiccator lid shall be greased so that the container will be air tight during the duration of the 2-h test.5.2 Petri Dish and BeakerA clean 400-mL beaker to be inverted as a reservoir support and the bot
27、tom of a 100 by 20-mmpetri as a distilled water reservoir dish shall be available for each desiccator test.5.3 Test Room or AreaA room or test area capable of being maintained at 24 6 1C (75 6 2F) shall be available forconducting desiccator tests.NOTE 3If liquid-in-glass thermometers are used for de
28、termining or checking the temperature of the test area, see Test Method E77.5.4 Examples of acceptable reagents, materials, and equipment are provided in Appendix X1.6. Hazards6.1 Chromotropic Acid Reagent Treatment (see 8.2.4 and A3.5)During this hazardous operation, the operator shall wearrubber g
29、loves, apron, and a full face mask or be protected from splashing by a transparent shield such as a hood window. Thesolution becomes extremely hot during the addition of sulfuric acid. Add slowly to avoid loss of sample due to splattering.6.2 Cleaning Chemicals for GlasswareAppropriate precautions s
30、hall be taken if cleaning chemicals are considered to behazardous.7. Test Specimens7.1 Use eight 70 6 2 mm by 127 6 2-mm (234 by 5-in.) 6 0.08 in. by 5 6 0.08 in.) by panel thickness specimens for eachdesiccator test. Cut specimens from the sample panel or panel segment to obtain adequate representa
31、tion of areas within the panelor panel segment. The fresh cut edges and ends of each specimen shall be at least 25 mm (1 in.) from the edges and ends of the5 Available from California EPA website: http:/www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/compwood/compwood.htm.6 Hakes, D., Johnson, G., and Marhevka, J., Procedure
32、 for Elimination of Phenol Interference in the Chromotropic Acid Method for Formaldehyde, American IndustrialHygiene Association, April 1984.7 Technical Bulletin No. 415, National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement Inc. (NCASI), 1983.D5582 142sample panel or panel segment.
33、When a product has significantly different emission characteristics for each surface and has onlyone surface exposed to the building space, also use sixteen 70 by 127-mm (2 6 2 mm by 127 6 2 mm (234 by 5-in.) 6 0.08 in.by 5 6 0.08 in.) test pieces to prepare eight 70 by 127-mm double-piece back-to-b
34、ack specimens.7.2 Specimen Edge SealingRemove sawdust and loose splinters from each test specimen. Coat the edges and ends of eachsingle or double-piece specimen by immersion in melted paraffin wax.Apply at least two coats. The wax shall cover no more than5 mm (316 in.) of either face around the coa
35、ted perimeter.7.3 Specimen ConditioningThen condition the specimens on edge, spaced apart, so air can freely circulate across all surfacesfor seven days 64 h at 24 6 1.7C1C (75 6 3F)2F) and 50 6 10 % relative humidity. The formaldehyde concentration in theair within 30 cm (12 in.) of where the speci
36、mens are conditioned shall be not more than 0.10.04 ppm during the conditioningperiod.NOTE 4Conditioning time less than seven days and specimens with edges and ends not coated with paraffin wax may be used for quality control orinformational testing ; testing; however these and other test method mod
37、ifications shall be clearly indicated in the test report. Modifications to conditioningtime or edge treatment, or both, will affect the test results; therefore, correlation to other test methods may need to be re-established.NOTE 5 If liquid-in-glass thermometers or psychrometers, or both, are used
38、for determining or checking the temperature or the relative humidity, orboth, of the conditioning area, see Test Methods E77 and E337.8. ProcedureNOTE 6A list of test apparatus and chemical reagents are provided in Appendix X1.8.1 Test Procedure for Materials:8.1.1 Conduct tests in a room maintained
39、 at 24 6 0.6C (75 6 1F). Equilibrate the desiccator, petri dish bottom, and distilledwater to 24 6 0.6C.room conditions.8.1.2 Before each test, wipe the desiccator with a clean ragcloth or paper towel moistened with distilled water, and then dry witha clean dry ragcloth or paper towel.NOTE 7Formalde
40、hyde can be used as a constituent of wet-strength resins for paper and of permanent-press resins for fabrics. The type of ragclothor paper towel selected for cleaning must be formaldehyde-free.8.1.3 Apply a light coating of vacuum grease to the desiccator lid and desiccator. Avoid excessive use of v
41、acuum grease.8.1.4 Arrange specimens as prepared in 7.1 and 7.2 and condition as in 7.3 on top of the porcelain desiccator plate around aninverted 400-mL beaker as a 100 6 7-mm (4 6 14-in.) high support inside the desiccator for the petri dish bottom distilled waterreservoir. Specimens should be arr
42、anged so that air has access to all surfaces and edges. To obtain an empty desiccator reading,test one desiccator without any test specimens.An empty desiccator reading greater than 0.05 g/mL indicates that the test systemhas been contaminated and the test results shall be voided for all related sam
43、ples in the test process.8.1.5 Pipet 25 mL of distilled water into the bottom portion of petri dish.8.1.6 Carefully lower the petri dish bottom containing distilled water into the desiccator until it rests upon the inverted 400-mLbeaker.8.1.7 Slide the desiccator lid into place making sure a good se
44、al is obtained.8.1.8 Observe and record the time.8.1.9 Maintain the desiccator test room at 24 6 0.6C0.1C (75 6 1F).2F). Record the temperature at 30-min intervals.Alternatively, use a continuous temperature recorder. Report any temperature range deviations.8.1.10 After 120 6 1 min, remove the desic
45、cator lid and carefully remove the petri dish. Proceed immediately to 8.2.1. Whenrunning multiple desiccator tests, initiate 8.2.1 within 10 min, otherwise cover the petri dish or dishes with parafilm while awaitinganalysis.8.2 Analysis of Water Samples:8.2.1 Gently swirl the petri dish and pipet 4
46、mLof the solution into each of two 16 by 150-mm screw cap test tubes for duplicateanalysis. Label to avoid subsequent error. Alternatively, use three tubes for triplicate analysis.8.2.2 Pipet 4 mL of distilled water into a 16 by 150-mm screw capped test tube to act as a “blank.”8.2.3 Add 0.1 mL of 1
47、 % chromotropic acid reagent to each test tube and shake to mix.8.2.4 Slowly and carefully pipet 6.0 mL concentrated sulfuric acid into each test tube (PrecautionSee 6.1.) and allow to flowdown the side of test tube. Allow the volumetric pipet to drain. Do not blow out. Before placing caps on test t
48、ubes, check thecondition of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cap liners to make sure they are clean and not deteriorated.8.2.5 Ensure adequate mixing by use of a vibrating laboratory mixer or other means. Mixing is complete when there is no signof stratification. If absorbance readings routinely e
49、xceed 1.0 or if spectrophotometric analysis is performed within 2 h, heat cappedtest tubes to 95C or place in a boiling water bath for 15 6 2 min to ensure that the chemical reaction is complete. After removal,allow the test tubes to cool to room temperature. Carefully vent test tubes to release pressure. (WarningAvoid rapid mixing asheating and pressure will increase and potentially break the test tube.)8.2.6 Allow the tubes to cool to room temperature. Do not accelerate the cooling. Avoid cooling tubes in direct sunlight as thismay alter co
