1、Designation: D 5621 07An American National StandardStandard Test Method forSonic Shear Stability of Hydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5621; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shearstability of hydraulic fluids in terms of the final viscosi
3、ty thatresults from irradiating a sample of the hydraulic fluid in asonic oscillator.1.2 Evidence has been presented that a good correlationexists between the shear degradation that results from sonicoscillation and that obtained in a vane pump test procedure.21.3 This test method uses millimetres s
4、quared per second(mm2/s), an SI unit, as the unit of viscosity. For information,the equivalent unit, cSt, is shown in parentheses.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establis
5、h appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 2603 Test Method for Sonic
6、 Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing OilsD 6022 Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stabil-ity Index3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A convenient volume of hydraulic fluid is irradiated in asonic oscillator for a period of time and the viscosities beforeand after irradiation are determined by
7、Test Method D 445.Astandard reference fluid containing a readily sheared polymer isrun frequently to ensure that the equipment imparts a con-trolled amount of sonic energy to the sample.3.2 The conditions to obtain the data for the precisionstatement were: 30 mL sample, 12.5 min calibration, and 40m
8、in sample irradiation at 0C jacket temperature.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method was developed using Test MethodD 260391.4.2 This test method permits the evaluation of shear stabilitywith minimum interference from thermal and oxidative factorsthat may be present in some applications. It ha
9、s been foundapplicable to fluids containing both readily sheared and shear-resistant polymers. Correlation with performance in the case ofhydraulic applications has been established.5. Apparatus5.1 Sonic Shear Unit, fixed frequency oscillator and sonichorn.45.2 Auxiliary EquipmentTo facilitate unifo
10、rm perfor-mance, the following auxiliary equipment is recommended:5.2.1 Cooling Bath or Ice Bath, to maintain a jackettemperature of 0C.5.2.2 Griffn 50mL Beaker, borosilicate glass.5.2.3 Sonic-Insulated Box, to enclose the sonic horn toreduce the ambient noise level produced by the sonic shearunit.5
11、.3 Viscometer, any viscometer and bath meeting the re-quirements of Test Method D 445.6. Reference Fluids6.1 The reference fluid is ASTM Reference Fluid B,5apetroleum oil containing a polymer capable of being brokendown by turbulence at high rates of shear. This oil has aviscosity of about 13.6 mm2/
12、s (cSt) at 40C. The viscosity of aspecific lot is supplied by the provider of that lot.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007
13、. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 562101.2Stambaugh, R. L., Kopko, R. J., and Roland, T. F., “Hydraulic PumpPerformanceA Basis for Fluid Viscosity Classification”, SAE Paper No. 901633.Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400
14、 Commonwealth Dr., Warren-dale, PA 15096.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4In the round robin
15、program, equipment from Sonic Systems, Inc., 109 PheasantRun, Newtown, PA 18040 and Heat Systems Ultrasonic, Inc., 1938 New Highway,Farmingdale, NY 11735, were found to be satisfactory.5The sole source of supply of the fluid known to the committee at this time isRohMax USA, 723 Electronic Drive, Hor
16、sham, PA 190442228. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end
17、 of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Calibration of Apparatus7.1 The reference fluid provides a practical way to definethe performance (severity level) of a sonic oscillator unit sothat satisfactory com
18、parison can be made between tests run ondifferent days in the same unit and between tests run withdifferent units.7.2 The decrease in viscosity observed for a given hydraulicfluid on irradiation in an oscillator unit depends on a number offactors; these include sample volume, irradiation time, andos
19、cillator power setting. Frequency of the generator is 23 6 2kHz. Typical power settings are in the range of 50 watts.Manual tuning of the oscillator-horn combination is alsorequired in some instruments in order to ensure efficiency ofenergy coupling between the two units. The procedure de-scribed in
20、 7.3 is recommended for establishing a reproducibleperformance level for a given unit.7.3 Confirm and record the 40C viscosity of the referencefluid. Introduce 30 mL (room temperature) of the referencefluid into the 50mL Griffin beaker. Immerse the beaker in icewater or a constant temperature bath a
21、t 0C until the samplefluid level is below the liquid level in the bath. The beakershould be maintained in a vertical position in the bath. Securebeaker in this position and condition the sample for 12.5 minbefore commencing irradiation. Immerse the sonic horn intothe sample fluid until the tip is at
22、 least 10 mm below the surfaceof fluid (see Fig. 1) in order to ensure that the tip remainssubmerged during the test. Exercise care to avoid contact of thetip with the bottom of the beaker as this will shorten tip life.The horn should be placed in a vertical position in the fluid andcentered in the
23、beaker (a weighted ring stand may be used tosupport the horn in this position). True vertical positioning isnot critical and is intended primarily to minimize liquidsplashing during irradiation. Irradiate the fluid for 12.5 min ata preselected power setting. Determine the decrease in refer-ence flui
24、d viscosity measured at 40C. Repeat as necessary todetermine the proper power setting to produce a viscositychange at 40C of 15.0 % (61 %). Use this power setting forsubsequent test runs. Daily recalibration of the apparatus isrequired because the power setting required to produce a statedviscosity
25、loss will probably vary from day to day. Experiencewith a given apparatus set will determine whether morefrequent calibration is required. Calibration in this manner willensure that repeatable severity levels are established.8. Procedure8.1 Clean the sonic horn using a lintless wiper and optionalsol
26、vent and calibrate the apparatus as described in 7.3. Intro-duce 30 mL of the hydraulic fluid sample to be tested into aclean 50mL Griffin beaker and immerse in the constanttemperature bath at 0C. The beaker should be in a verticalposition. Allow the sample to equilibrate for 12.5 min. Im-merse the
27、sonic horn in the fluid as described in 7.3. Irradiatethe sample for 40 min at exactly the same power settingdetermined in 7.3. Upon completion of irradiation, remove thesample and clean the sonic horn in preparation for the next run.8.2 Determine the viscosity of the sample by Test MethodD 445 befo
28、re and after irradiation.9. Report9.1 Report the initial and irradiated 40C viscosity of thehydraulic fluid.9.2 In addition, the percent viscosity change may be calcu-lated and reported. The percentage loss of viscosity is calcu-lated as follows:Viscosity loss,%5 V0 Vf/V0# 3 100 (1)where:V0= viscosi
29、ty of oil before irradiation, mm2/s (cSt), andVf= viscosity of oil after irradiation, mm2/s (cSt).9.3 The permanent shear stability index (PSSI) may also becalculated and reported in accordance with Practice D 6022,provided the base fluid viscosity is known.10. Precision and Bias610.1 RepeatabilityT
30、he difference between two indepen-dent irradiated viscosity results obtained by the same operator6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1337.FIG. 1 Schematic of Sonic Probe Type Apparatus, SupportSystems, Cabinet, a
31、nd Power SupplyD5621072with the same apparatus under constant operating conditions onidentical test material would, in the long run, in the normal andcorrect operation of the test method, differ from the mean bygreater than 0.38 mm2/s (cSt) in only one case in twenty.10.2 ReproducibilityThe differen
32、ce between two indepen-dent irradiated viscosity results obtained by different operatorsworking in different laboratories on identical test materialwould, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, differ from the mean by greater than 0.60mm2/s (cSt) in only one case in
33、twenty.10.3 BiasThe bias of this test method has not beendetermined because there is insufficient data on the relevantreference (test) standard.10.4 The precision of the percent viscosity loss or thePermanent Shear Stability Index may be estimated using theprecisions of the individual measurements a
34、s stated here and inTest Method D 445.11. Keywords11.1 hydraulic fluid; shear stability; sonic shear test; viscos-ity stableSUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.07 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 562101) that may impact the use of this standard.(
35、1) The user measures the viscosity of a hydraulic fluid after asonic shear procedure defined in this test method.(2) In addition to reporting the viscosity after shear, a percentviscosity loss or a shear stability index may be calculated if theappropriate initial viscosity and the base oil viscosity
36、 (in thecase of the index) are known.(3) Added Practice D 6022 to 9.3 and the Referenced Docu-ments.(4) Added 9.2, 9.3, and 10.4.(5) Revised 3.1, 9.1, 10.1, and 10.2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin thi
37、s standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be
38、 reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresp
39、onsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D5621073
