1、Designation: D 5662 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Automotive Gear Oil Compatibility with TypicalOil Seal Elastomers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2covers the determination of thecompatibility of automotive
3、 gear oils with specific nitrile,polyacrylate, and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test MethodsD 412, D 471, and D 2240 and become familiar with their usebefore proceeding with this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstan
4、dard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appl
5、ica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 5704 Test Method fo
6、r Evaluation of the Thermal andOxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for ManualTransmissions and Final Drive AxlesD 5760 Specification for Performance of Manual Transmis-sion Gear LubricantsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 S
7、AE Standard:4J2360 Lubricating Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric) MilitaryUse3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 dumbbell, nthe specific cut shape (Die C) of anelastomer as explained in the section on dumbbell specimens inTest Methods D 412.3.1.2 formulation, nthe spe
8、cific chemical compositionused in manufacturing a seal elastomer or a reference oil.3.1.3 percent ultimate elongation, nthe stretch length atrupture of an elastomer dumbbell oil-aged by running thisprocedure minus the rupture stretch length of an untesteddumbbell, all divided by rupture stretch leng
9、th of the untesteddumbbell and then multiplied by 100.3.1.4 percent volume change, nthe change in volume of atest specimen as explained in the procedure for change involume in Test Method D 471.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Non-reference oils are tested using a modified version ofTest Method D 471 on
10、 specific elastomer compounds. Mea-sured quantities are percent ultimate elongation changes (fur-ther referred to as just percent elongation changes), durometerType A hardness changes, and percent volume changes. Ref-erence oils are run concurrently in the same oil bath to measureconsistency from on
11、e test to another.4.2 The duration of these tests is 240 h. The reference oilsare available from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).5The seal materials are available through a Central PartsDistributor (CPD).65. Significance and Use5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related
12、 seal failures. This test method addresses only thosefailures caused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongation1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubrican
13、ts these canbe obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, Pa152064489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in allInformation Letters through No. 071.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S
14、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.5Reference oils are available from
15、theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.6The Central Parts Distributor for this procedure is Test Engineering Inc., 12758Cimarron Path, Suite 102, San Antonio, TX 78249.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
16、9, United States.loss, and volume swell and attempts to determine the likeli-hood that an oil might cause premature sealing system failuresin field use. This test method may be used as a requirement ofa performance specification, such as Specification D 5760 andJ2360.5.2 Another major cause of seal
17、failure is the formation ofcarbon, varnish, and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. Thedeposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils areevaluated in Test Method D 5704. That procedure is intendedin part to evaluate the potential for oils to cause premature sealfailure in field service.6.
18、 Apparatus6.1 Specific test equipment as outlined in Test MethodsD 412, D 471, and D 2240 is required.6.1.1 Hardness DurometerSee Test Method D 2240.6.1.1.1 CalibrationCalibrate the hardness durometer an-nually. Use an outside source, with standards traceable toNational Institute for Standards Techn
19、ology (NIST) for annualcalibration. Perform checks with internal standards weekly.Checks with internal standards shall be within 63 points.Calibrate internal standards annually, using an outside source,with standards traceable to NIST.6.1.2 Tension Testing MachineSee Test Method D 412.Set the testin
20、g machine rate of grip separation for the percentelongation change determinations at 8.5 6 0.8 mm/s. Calibratethe tension testing machine in accordance with Annex A2.6.1.2.1 CalibrationCalibrate the tension testing machineannually. Annual calibration shall be performed by the manu-facturer, using NI
21、ST traceable standards.6.1.3 Glass Tubes, having an outside diameter of 38 mm andan overall length of 300 mm. The tube is fitted loosely with analuminum foil-covered stopper.6.1.4 BalanceUse any commercially available balancecapable of weighing samples to the nearest 1.0 mg.6.1.4.1 CalibrationCalibr
22、ate the balance annually. Use anoutside source, with standards traceable to NIST for annualcalibration. Perform checks with internal standards monthly,using NIST traceable weights. The difference between theweights and balance shall be 0.5 mg. Calibrate internalstandards annually, using an outside s
23、ource, with standardstraceable to NIST.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Specific reference test oils are maintained and distrib-uted by the TMC.5To receive the test oils and seal materials,individual laboratories shall commit to furnishing the TMCwith reference data developed using these reference mater
24、ials.7.2 The CPD is responsible for maintaining the numberingand tracking system for the seal elastomer batches used.Certain specific information concerning these reference mate-rials is available only to the CPD. This information is used toensure batch-to-batch consistency.7.2.1 Information and loc
25、ation of the current CPD is alsoavailable from the TMC.7.3 Specific reference seal elastomers used are a nitrile (NI),a polyacrylate (PA), and a fluoroelastomer (FL). Notation ofthe numbering system is established by the TMC as follows:Type Ywhere:Type = NI, PA, FL, andY = Batch number of the partic
26、ular formulation.7.4 The shelf life for the seal elastomers is two years fromthe date the batch was cured. Invalidate any test with a sealcure date older than two years.7.4.1 Store the elastomers in a cool, dark, and dry place. Thepreferred method of storage is a refrigerator maintained at 3 to6C (3
27、8 to 42F).7.5 The shelf life of reference oils is typically five yearsunless the TMC, through their analysis, specifies otherwise.7.6 Wetting solution of Aerosol OT0.1 % sodium diocytlsulfosuccinate, made by a 1.0 % dilution of a 10 % solutionwith reagent water.8. Procedure8.1 The testing laboratory
28、 shall conduct reference oil testsconcurrently with the non-reference oil in the same oil bath.Reference oils shall perform within a specific range prescribedand evaluated by TMC for validity and updated as needed.8.2 Prior to cutting specimens and prior to performingelongation tests for initial pro
29、perties, allow 3 h for theelastomer to warm to 23+ 2C, as required by Test MethodD 412. Referring to the procedure in Test Method D 412, useDie C to cut a set of twelve dumbbell specimens out of theelastomer sheets as required for each reference and non-reference oil tested.8.2.1 Cut the dumbbells p
30、arallel to the grain using the sameunaltered dies for the entire lot. When cutting dumbbells, onlycut one thickness at a time to avoid any dimensional variations.8.2.2 Cut all elastomer specimens, including those used formeasuring initial properties, from the same elastomer batch.Use these dumbbells
31、 for measuring the percent elongationchanges.8.2.3 Next, cut twelve 25 by 50 by 2.0 6 0.1-mm rectan-gular specimens for the percent volume change and hardnesstesting.8.2.4 Finally, cut twelve more NI, PA, and FL dumbbells forthe purpose of determining initial elongation properties.8.2.5 Randomly sel
32、ect sets of twelve dumbbells and twelverectangular specimens for testing from the different sheets oftest elastomers.8.2.6 Use the water displacement procedure in accordancewith Test Method D 471 to determine the initial volumemeasurements. Weigh the coupon in air, M1, to the nearest 1mg. For the we
33、ight in water, immerse the coupon in a 1.0 %wetting solution of aerosol OT, then place the coupon indistilled water, M2, at ambient temperature. Make sure no airbubbles are clinging to the coupon surface before recording theweight to the nearest 1 mg.8.2.7 Ensure that initial elastomer properties of
34、 hardnessand volume are determined prior to the start of testing. Initialelongation properties are determined just prior to running theend of test dumbbells because of instrument calibration.8.3 Fill the test tubes with 150 65 mL of non-reference orreference oil as appropriate.8.4 Use four test tube
35、s for each elastomer/oil combination.In each tube, suspend from a stainless steel wire hanger bent ata 90 angle (dimensions shown in Fig. 1) three rectangularD5662082specimens and three dumbbells in each of the four tubes. Placespacers in between the specimens to aid in the separation. Thewidth of t
36、he spacer(s) shall be 1.7 6 0.3 mm. The spacermaterial shall not affect the liquid or the rubber.8.4.1 Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of spacers and testspecimens.8.4.2 Top the test tube with a stopper wrapped in aluminumfoil.8.4.3 Test the non-reference oil using one or more of thethree different sea
37、l elastomers with the same batch of elas-tomers as being used for the reference oil.8.4.4 Place the tubes randomly in an oil bath capable ofmaintaining a test oil temperature within 61C for a period of240 6 0.5 h (see Table 1).8.4.4.1 Measure the test oil temperature with a thermo-couple or resistan
38、ce temperature detector (RTD) inside adummy test tube containing bath oil within the oil bath.8.4.4.2 Record test oil temperature at a minimum of onceevery minute. A reading outside the tolerance in Table 1invalidates the test.8.4.5 Conduct all reference and non-reference oil testing oneach seal ela
39、stomer in the same oil bath. Complete referenceoil and non-reference oil tests for each seal elastomer within 8h of each other to be considered the same test.8.5 At the end of the test period, remove the specimens fromthe hot oil using the wire hanger and place them on a cleanabsorbent towel. Allow
40、the specimens to cool for no longerthan 30 min.8.5.1 Remove the specimens from the wire hanger, andplace them on a clean absorbent towel. Remove the excess oilwith a clean absorbent towel, and begin testing.8.6 Determine type A hardness testing, percent volume inair and water, and percent elongation
41、, as done in 8.2.6 and8.2.7. Testing shall be completed within2hofremoval fromthe test oil.8.7 Observe the following notes/modifications to TestMethod D 471.8.7.1 Report percent change in elongation (see Test MethodD 412) and percent volume change (see Test Method D 471)from the original using the s
42、ame water displacement proceduredescribed in 8.2.6.8.7.1.1 When using a wire hanger to aid in the weighing ofthe test coupon, deduct the weight of the wire hanger from thegross weight to determine the actual weight of the test coupon.Record the actual weight of the test coupons in the test reportand
43、 use the actual weights for the percent volume changecalculations.8.7.2 Report durometer TypeAhardness change points fromoriginal (see Test Method D 2240).8.7.2.1 On a hard horizontal surface, stack the three rectan-gular specimens on top of each other to obtain the 6-mmthickness required by Test Me
44、thod D 2240. Hardness readingsare to be taken 1 s after the pin makes contact with theelastomer. Take three readings on each side of the rectangularspecimen and report the average of all six readings.8.7.2.2 After taking the first set of measurements, rotate thebottom specimen to the top of the stac
45、k and take a second setof measurements.8.7.2.3 Rotate the bottom specimen to the top one more timeto obtain the third set of measurements.8.7.3 For each data set, calculate the average value and thesample standard deviation using the equation:s5(xi x!2n 1(1)where:s = sample standard deviation,n = nu
46、mber of data points in the set,XI= individual data set value,x = mean of the data set.Change in volume,%=(M3M4)(M1M2)/(M1M2)3 d 3 100where:M1 = the original weight in air,M2 = the original weight in water,M3 = the end of test weight in air,FIG. 1 Wire HangerFIG. 2 Test Tube ArrangementTABLE 1 Test O
47、il TemperaturesMaterial Test Oil Temperature,CTest Oil TemperatureTolerance, CNitrile 100 61Polyacrylate 150 61Fluoroelastomer 150 61D5662083M4 = the end of test weight in water, andd = the density of the medium in which the specimen wasweighed. In this case water is used, so the multipli-cation is
48、by 1.9. Reference Oil Testing9.1 Test the TMC reference oils along with each batch ofnon-reference oil tests. Run the reference oils simultaneouslywith, and in the same bath as, the non-reference oils.NOTE 1AnnexA1 discusses the involvement of theASTM TMC withrespect to the reference test-monitoring
49、 program.9.1.1 Prior to requiring a reference oil test, procure a supplyof reference oils directly from the TMC. These oils have beenformulated or selected to represent specific chemistry types, orperformance levels, or both. Each reference oil sample isidentified using a unique set of identification codes on thecontainer labels.9.1.1.1 The testing laboratory tacitly agrees to use the TMCreference oils exclusively in accordance with the TMCspublished Policies for Use and Analysis of ASTM ReferenceOils, and to run and report the reference oil test a
