1、Designation: D5663 97 (Reapproved 2011)D5663 15 An American National StandardStandard Guide forValidating Recycled Content in Packaging Paper andPaperboard1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5663; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides an approach for both the calculation and the substanti
3、ation of recycled content of finished packagingpaper and paperboard products.Amass balance approach is recommended for use by manufacturers since no physical or chemicaltest method is currently available to determine absolute recycled content of a finished paper product. Calculations are based on ti
4、meweighted average flows which are based on furnish component flow rates and consistency. Recommended approaches to thecalculations include by batch or by time weighted average for a specific grade or similar grades. It is not recommended that averagerecycle content be allocated by mathematical appo
5、rtionment rather than by actual fiber content. That is, if 50% recycled fiber isused over time that is the time weighted average. One cannot use this same data to report 50% of the production is 100% recycled.1.1.1 Percentage calculations are based on lb/ton or kg/tonne with the time frame constrain
6、ed by machine and grade (see10.1.1.1 and 10.1.1.2).1.1.2 Pulping and recycling yields are not used in these calculations. The calculations of recycled fiber content in the finishedproduct is solely a function of type of fibers in the furnish flows, the volume of flow and the time period considered.1
7、.2 This guide covers (1) recycled content of packaging paper and paperboard products that contain any amount or kind ofrecycled fiber; and (2) methods to calculate and substantiate the level(s) of recycled fiber content claimed by an agreement betweenthe buyer and the seller.1.2.1 This guide may be
8、used with or without modification to calculate or substantiate the recycled content of packaging paperand paperboard products when recovered nonfibrous materials (for example, filler) are a part of the recycled fiber furnish. Limitedguidance is provided for appropriate modifications to this guide fo
9、r the determination of amount of recycled nonfibrous materialsin paper products.1.3 This guide does not recommend either an amount or a kind of recycled fiber or material to use since (1) the amount andkind of recycled content in a packaging paper or paperboard product should be agreed upon between
10、the buyer and the seller, and(2) the calculation and substantiation procedures recommended may be used for any amount or kind of recycled material agreedupon between the buyer and the seller.1.4 The mass balance calculation method recommended by this guide may or may not comply with applicable feder
11、al, state,or local laws for recycled content statements intended to be received by consumers. Limited guidance on content statements is inAppendix X1.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 10, of this guide:This standard doesnot purport to address a
12、ll of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1968D685 Terminolog
13、y Relating toPractice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products for Testing (Withdrawn 2010)D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.19 on Sustainability l
14、inerboard and corrugating medium for use in corrugated containers; tubestock; carrier board, bag paper, andother related packaging paper and paperboard products.4.1.2 Two types of products are included: those containing no virgin fiber and those containing a mixture of recycled and virginfiber.5. Or
15、dering Information5.1 The buyer and seller of packaging paper and paperboard products with recycled content should agree upon at least thefollowing information:5.1.1 Class(es) and type(s) of product(s) (see 4.1),5.1.2 Percent of recycled fiber, by air dry or conditioned weight fiber dry weight, and,
16、 if appropriate, recycled material, bytotalair dry or conditioned weight, to be incorporated into a product (see 6.5 and 10.1 through 10.6),5.1.3 Degree of variation in recycled fiber or material content allowable in shipped product (see 6.2),5.1.4 Time period during which recycled content is to be
17、calculated (see 10.1.1),5.1.5 Method of substantiation used to support the agreed-upon recycled content claim for the packaging paper or paperboardproduct,5.1.6 Format and frequency of recycled content substantiation and reporting, and5.1.7 Type and frequency of review by the buyer (see 12.1) of pro
18、cedures and data used by the seller to monitor compliancewith the agreed-upon recycled content of product(s) under contract.6. Composition6.1 Recycled content of packaging paper and paperboard products supplied in accordance with this guide should be agreed uponbetween the buyer and the seller (see
19、5.1).6.2 The average recycled content for a packaging paper or paperboard product shipped from the seller to the buyer within aspecified time period (see 10.1.1 through 10.1.1.3) should be at least equal to the contracted recycled content or be within a degreeof variation (see 6.3) of that content.6
20、.3 The buyer and the seller may agree to a degree of variation in the recycled content in shipped product from the seller tothe buyer when multiple shipments will take place over the contract period; however, any degree of variation for recycled contentgreater than 10 % is not recommended. In additi
21、on, recycled content of a shipment of product that exceeds the degree of variationagreed upon by the buyer and the seller should be reported by the seller to the buyer in an agreed-upon manner.6.4 Recycled content of packaging products composed of two or more components should be reported as the wei
22、ghted meanrecycled content of the multiple components (see 10.2).6.5 All measures of recycled content should be on a dry weight (0 % moisture) basis.an air dry or conditioned weight basis asspecified by the buyer (see 5.1.2).7. Physical Attributes7.1 The average value of physical characteristics, wo
23、rkmanship, dimensions, and appearance for any product should meet therequirements agreed upon by the buyer and the seller with reference to appropriate ASTM or standards of other organizations.8. General Attributes8.1 Acceptable defect levels and quality levels should be agreed upon between the buye
24、r and the seller. The use of recycled fiberor other recycled material should not restrict the usefulness of the products covered under this guide, nor should it cause a productto not meet all specified requirements agreed upon between the buyer and the seller.9. Bid Samples9.1 When requested, the bi
25、dder should submit a representative product sample for examination purposes and data to support theclaimed recycled content. An explanation should be included of the specific method(s) used to substantiate that content, withindication over what time period the measurements will be made. A separate s
26、ample should be submitted for each class and type3 Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, P.O. Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348.D5663 152of packaging paper and paperboard product being bid on, along with supportive data and explanatory information for each. Eachsample
27、should be clearly marked with the bidders name and address, bid number, and manufacturers name or code number.10. Measurement Procedure10.1 Recycled fiber content should be calculated as the ratio of recycled fiber weight to total fiber weight in a given quantityof packaging paper or paperboard prod
28、uct and expressed as a percentage. The basic calculation method is as follows (see AppendixX1 for an example): example, see 10.4.1 Eq 3 and Eq 4 when mill paper machine broke is used):RFC,%5RFU3100VFU1RFU(1)RFC,%5RFU 3 100!VFU 1RFU! (1)where:RFC = recycled fiber content, %,RFU = recycled fiber used,
29、 andRFU = weight recycled fiber used (for example, kg fiber component per t of final product), andVFU = weight virgin fiber used.10.1.1 The calculation of recycled content should be for a fixed time period agreed upon between the buyer and the seller.10.1.1.1 It is recommended that a monthly or quar
30、terly time period be used, as appropriate to the duration of the contract andproduction runs, for monitoring compliance of shipped product with its claimed level of recycled content during the term of thebuyer-seller agreement. An alternative time period, however, may be agreed upon between the buye
31、r and the seller.10.1.1.2 When multiple products of varying recycled content are manufactured within a specified time period on a single papermachine, then the recycled content for a specific product should be calculated based upon those time intervals within that timeperiod during which that specif
32、ic product was manufactured.NOTE 1For example, if a calculation of monthly recycled content in a paperboard product is needed, and that product is manufactured for 10 of the30 days within that month on a specific paper machine, then only the amount and kinds of various recycled and virgin materials
33、used to make that paperproduct on that paper machine during that 10-day period should be used to calculate the recycled content for that product using Eq 1.10.1.1.3 When the same product of an agreed upon recycled content is manufactured within a specified time period on severalpaper machines, then
34、the recycled content for that specific product should be calculated based only upon those intervals within thattime period, for each paper machine used, during which that specific product was manufactured. For example, if a calculation ofmonthly recycled content in a paperboard product is needed, an
35、d that product is manufactured for 10 of the 30 days within thatmonth on one paper machine and for 15 of the 30 days within that month on a second paper machine, then only the amount andkinds of various recycled and virgin materials used to make that paper product during those 10 and 15-day periods
36、on the respectivepaper machines should be used to calculate the recycled content for that product by using Eq 1.10.2 The recycled content for a composite packaging paper or paperboard product composed of two or more components (forexample, corrugating medium plus liner board) should be calculated as
37、 the weighted mean recycled content of each of itscomponents, as follows (see Appendix Appendix X1X1.4 for an example):X1!P1!1X2!P2!11Xn!Pn!100 5recycled content,% (2)X1!P1!1X2!P2!11Xn!Pn!#31005recycled content,% (2)where:n = number of components in the composite paper packaging material,Xn = weight
38、 of recycled material in the nth component calculated using Eq 1, %, andXn = weight percent of recycled material in the nth component calculated using Eq 1, andPn = weight percent of the nth component in a composite packaging material, %.10.2.1 An individual calculation of recycled content within a
39、given time period (see 10.1.1 through 10.1.1.3) for eachcomponent should be made and recorded.10.3 The amount of recycled material in a given quantity of paper product (that is, used in Eq 1) should be determined by themethod in 10.3.1 or 10.3.2, as follows:10.3.1 When the paper manufacturer process
40、es non-virgin material into recycled fiber, then the recycled content of a specificpaper product made from that recycled fiber should be calculated using the amount of recycled fiber obtained after processing thatrecovered material; that is, from the actual yield of recycled fiber used in the furnis
41、h. The amount of recycled fiber obtained afterprocessing may be calculated by multiplying the weight of the recovered paper material processed by an appropriate yield factorfor that material (relative to recycled fiber) in that manufacturers specific process, as follows: material.RFO5NMP3YF (3)where
42、:D5663 153RFO = recycled fiber obtained,NMP = nonvirgin material processed, andYF = yield factor.10.3.1.1 If several types of recovered or recycled material are used in the manufacture of a recycled content packaging paperor paperboard product, then the recycled content of that specific paper produc
43、t should be calculated by Method 1 or 2, as follows:(1) Method for Processing IndividuallyIndividuallyForFor situations where one, or more, of the several types of recoveredmaterials to be used are processed individually into their respective recycled fibers, the recycled content of the resultant pa
44、perproduct should be calculated using the amounts of each of those recycled fibers obtained after processing their respective recoveredmaterials in both the numerator and denominator of Eq 2, that is, from the actual weights of recycled fiber used in the paper productfurnish. For example, recovered
45、old newsprint and used office writing paper may be processed separately to acquire recycledgroundwood and Kraft fiber, respectively. The yields of each of these fibers should be used to calculate the recycled fiber weightsto be used in Eq 1.(2) Method for Processing TogetherTogetherForFor situations
46、 where all of the several types of recovered materials usedare processed together into recycled fibers, the recycled content of the resultant paper product should be calculated as in 10.3.1fromthe amount of recycled fiber obtained after processing the mixture of recovered materials; that is, from th
47、e actual yield of recycledfiber used in the paper product furnish. For example, recovered old newsprint and used office writing paper may be processedtogether to acquire a mixture of recycled fiber. The yield of mixed recycled fiber should be used in Eq 1.10.3.2 When the paper manufacturer uses recy
48、cled fiber processed by a recycled pulp supplier, that pulp supplier shouldsubstantiate the amount of recycled fiber in its recycled pulp. This may be calculated using the amount of recycled fiber obtainedafter processing that recovered material; that is, by accounting for the yield of recycled fibe
49、r from recovered paper material in itsprocess (as in material. Eq 3). The recycled-pulp suppliers substantiated amount of recycled fiber content should be used todetermine recycled content in a specified paper product made from that fiber by the packaging paper or paperboard manufacturer.10.4 The amount of virgin fiber used in a given quantity of paper product (that is, used in Eq 1), if present, should be determinedby the method in 10.4.1 or 10.4.2, as follows:10.4.1 When the The paper manufacturer utilizes mill may utilize mill paper machine broke in the m
