1、Designation: D 5672 09Standard Test Method forTesting Flexible Cellular Materials Measurement ofIndentation Force Deflection Using a 25-mm (1-in.)Deflection Technique1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5672; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofori
2、ginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a screening type quality controltest
3、used to determine if flexible polyurethane foam cushionsare within the specified grade range for firmness.1.2 This test method is limited to foams with thicknessesthat are 75 mm (3 in.) or greater.1.3 This test method is based on the fact that the traditionalindustry standard thickness for Indentati
4、on Force Deflection(IFD) is 100 mm (4 in.), and the traditional percent deflectionfor IFD acceptance and product planning is 25 %. With respectthen to these traditional industry conventions, a 25 % deflec-tion on a 100-mm (4-in.) cushion would be 25 mm (1 in.).Thus, deflecting proper thickness cushi
5、ons 25 mm (1 in.) willdetermine if the flexible polyurethane foam is within thespecified grade range for 25 % IFD.1.4 Cushion thicknesses less than 75 mm (3 in.) shall not betested for IFD using this test method.1.5 This test method is intended to provide a quick andsimple method to screen flexible
6、polyurethane foams fordetermination of its firmness grade.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
7、priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This test method and ISO 2439 address the same subjectmatter, but differ in technical content.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Material
8、sSlab,Bonded, and Molded Urethane FoamsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 2439 Flexible Cellular Polymeric MaterialsDetermination of Hardness (Indentation Technique)2.3 Method for IFD, Chapter 4.0,“Flexible Polyuretha
9、ne Foam Standards and Guidelines,”Joint Industry Foam Standards and Guidelines Commit-tee33. Terminology3.1 This test method is based on Test Methods D 3574, TestB1. Refer to Test Methods D 3574 for terminology used in thistest method.4. Significance and Use4.1 The 25-mm (1-in.) deflection IFD metho
10、d is recom-mended for production screening and quality control on fullsize cushions only.4.2 Applicable cushion thicknesses to be tested by this testmethod are only those listed in this test method. Furtherresearch and development are required before this test methodwill be applicable to other cushi
11、on thicknesses.4.3 This test method is designed to give a value approxi-mating the 25 % IFD on a 100-mm (4-in.) thick piece of foamwhen the actual specimen thickness tested is within the rangeslisted in the test method. In case of disagreement, the refereemethod is the IFD procedure in Test Methods
12、D 3574, Test B1.The user of this test method shall establish the correlationbetween this test method and the referee method.5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus used for determining IFD in Test MethodsD 3574, Test B1is used for this test method.6. Conditioning6.1 The conditioning conditions described in Te
13、st MethodsD 3574 are best used when using this test method; however,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials -Plastics and Elastomers.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published Se
14、ptember 2009. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 5672 - 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docume
15、nt Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Polyurethane Foam Association (PFA), 334 Lakeside PlazaLoudon, TN 37774, http:/www.pfa.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
16、 19428-2959, United States.since this method is a screening type test method, preciseconditioning is not always practical.6.2 IFD is very sensitive to temperature and humidityconditions, therefore testing samples that have been exposed toextreme conditions of humidity and temperature shall beavoided
17、. Simply placing the specimens to be tested into anair-conditioned room in the summer or a heated room in thewinter and allowing them to equilibrate for at least 4 h with thecooled or heated room air will alleviate some of the problemsassociated with extreme weather conditions.7. Procedure7.1 For te
18、st specimens 75 mm (3 in.) to 100 mm (4 in.) inthickness:7.1.1 Length and width of the test specimens shall be aminimum 380 mm by 380 mm (15 in. by 15 in.). Using theindenter foot, measure the original thickness of the foamspecimen using the 4.5-N (1-lb) preload procedure in TestMethods D 3574, Test
19、 B1. Then preflex the test specimen 75 %of its original thickness two times. Before removing the testspecimen from under the indenter foot and while the indenterfoot still maintains the 4.5 N (1 lb) preload, draw thecircumference of the indenter foot on top of the test specimenusing a felt tip marke
20、r. When circumscribing the indenter footon the test specimen, be certain that the test specimen is notmoved laterally in any direction from the exact location whereit was preflexed with the indenter foot. The circumscribedcircle will be used for exact relocation of the indenter foot afterthe require
21、d waiting period. After preflexing, a waiting periodof 6 6 1 min is to be observed before performing the 25-mm(1-in.) deflection IFD.7.1.2 The preflex indentation speed, the indenter foot, andthe final indentation speed are the same as specified in MethodsD 3574, Test B1.7.1.3 After the 6 6 1 min. w
22、aiting period, measure the testspecimen thickness by using the 4.5-N (1-lb) preload proce-dure in Test Methods D 3574, Test B1. Immediately indent the200 mm (8 in.) diameter presser foot into the foam exactly 25mm (1 in.). After 60 6 3 s read the 25 mm (1 in.) deflectionIFD from the force gage in N
23、(lb).7.2 For test specimens 100 mm (4 in.) to 165 mm (6.5 in.)in thickness:7.2.1 On 100 mm (4 in.) to 165 mm (6.5 in.) thickness testspecimens, the amount of deflection during preflexing shall be75 mm (3 in.). Carry out all other parts of the test as describedin Section 6 and in Test Methods D 3574,
24、 Test B1.7.3 It has been demonstrated that adherence to all detailsspecified or referenced herein, are necessary to obtain goodcorrelation between this test method and the Test MethodsD 3574, Test B1IFD method. Small deviations in test proce-dures and conditions can produce large variances in test r
25、esultsin this and other tests on flexible polyurethane foams.8. Precision and Bias8.1 Precision for this test method is based on round robinstudies conducted by members of the American FurnitureManufacturers Association (AFMA) in accordance with Prac-tice E 691. For the study, five commercial foams
26、were selectedranging in density from 1.1 pcf up to 3.5 pcf with IFD valuesbetween 53N (12 lb) and 160N (35 lb) at 25 % deflection. Thenumber of labs that participated was five. Each laboratoryobtained five test results for each material. Precision, charac-terized by repeatability (Srand r) and repro
27、ducibility (SRandR), have been determined as shown below.One Inch IFD, N(Five Laboratories)Material Avg. SrASRBrCRD1 124.9 6.8 13.4 19.1 37.42 111.9 6.2 13.3 17.3 37.13 77.9 6.8 13.4 19.1 37.64 135.3 5.4 8.1 15.0 22.75 138.3 9.6 11.9 26.8 33.2ASr= within-laboratory standard deviation for the indicat
28、ed material. It isobtained by pooling the within laboratory standard deviations of the test resultsfrom all of the participating laboratories.BSR= between-laboratory reproducibility, expressed as standard deviation.Cr = within-laboratory critical interval between two results = 2.8 3 Sr.DR = between
29、laboratories critical interval between two results = 2.8 3 SR.8.2 BiasThere are no recognized standards by which toestimate bias for this test method.9. Keywords9.1 flexible cellular; foam hardness; indentation test;polyurethaneSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected
30、changes to this standard since the last issue(D 5672 - 03) that may impact the use of this standard. (September 1, 2009)(1) Updated ISO equivalency statement. (2) Editorial corrections were made throughout the standard.D5672092ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any paten
31、t rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision a
32、t any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your commen
33、ts will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted
34、by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D5672093
