1、Designation: D5684 10Standard TerminologyRelating to Pile Floor Coverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、 indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology is a compilation of all terminologydeveloped by Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Covering.1.2 This terminology is unique to the pile floor
3、 coveringindustry. Meanings if the same terms used outside the industrycan be found in other compilations or in other dictionaries ofgeneral usage.1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, D5684 isalso useful for managing the Terminology of the Subcommit-tee.1.4 Terms listed under the juris
4、diction of SubcommitteeD13.21.1.5 For definitions of other textile terms see TerminologyD123.1.6 This terminology is a compilation of all terminologydeveloped by Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Covering.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1335 Test Meth
5、od for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn FloorCoveringsD2646 Test Methods for Backing Fabric Characteristics ofPile Yarn Floor CoveringsD3936 Test Method for Resistance to Delamination of theSecondary Backing of Pile Yarn Floor CoveringD5251 Practice for the Operation of the Tetrapod WalkerDrum TesterD5252 Pra
6、ctice for the Operation of the Hexapod TumbleDrum TesterD5417 Practice for Operation of the Vettermann DrumTesterD5793 Test Method for Binding Sites per Unit Length orWidth of Pile Yarn Floor CoveringsD5823 Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor CoveringsD5848 Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area o
7、f Pile YarnFloor CoveringsD6119 Practice for Creating Surface Appearance Changesin Pile Yarn Floor Covering from Foot TrafficD6283 Test Method for Tuft Element Length of UncoatedPile Yarn Floor CoveringsD6540 Test Method for Accelerated Soiling of Pile YarnFloor CoveringD6719 Guide for Test Methods
8、and Practices for EvaluatingPile Yarn Floor CoveringD6859 Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished LevelPile Yarn Floor CoveringsD6962 Practice for Operation of a Roller Chair Tester forPile Yarn Floor CoveringsD7241 Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished Multi-level Pile Yarn Floor CoveringD7
9、267 Test Method for Edge Ravel Resistance of FinishedLoop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor CoveringD7330 Test Method for Assessment of Surface AppearanceChange in Pile Floor Coverings Using Standard ReferenceScales3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:attached cushion, nfor pile yarn floor covering, a material,bonded
10、to the backing fabric side of a pile yarn floorcovering to provide additional dimensional stability, thick-ness, and padding.DISCUSSIONSuch products as foam, rubber, and urethane are used asattached cushion. D3936back coating, nin textile floor covering, an adhesive com-pound applied for such purpos
11、e as locking pile yarn tufts intoa carpet backing, bonding a secondary backing to a primarybacking, increasing fabric body or stiffness and increasingdimensional stability. D5793, D5848backing , nin pile yarn floor covering, all materials in a pilefloor covering other than the pile yarn. D5793, D584
12、8,D6719backing fabric, nin textiles, a fabric into which a pile yarnis inserted; or a reinforcing layer which is adhered to thereverse side of a fabric.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Co
13、verings.Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approvedin 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5684 08a. DOI: 10.1520/D5684-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Ann
14、ual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer tot he standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.DISCUSSIONIn woven and knitted pile yarn floor coverings thebacking fabric i
15、s created at the same time the pile yarn is bound to thebacking fabric, but, in tufted pile yarn floor coverings, the backingfabric is made prior to the operation in which the pile yarn is fastenedto the backing fabric. D2646, D5793, D5848, D6719binding site, nfor pile yarn floor covering, a point a
16、t whichthe pile yarn is, or can be, bound to the backing fabric.DISCUSSIONIn any machine-made pile yarn floor covering, thebinding sites occur in an orderly and repetitive array at uniformintervals both in the lengthwise and widthwise directions of the pileyarn floor covering. The nature of the bind
17、ing sites differs amongwoven, knitted, and tufted pile yarn floor coverings. For example, thebinding site of a woven pile yarn floor covering consists of one or morefilling shots under which the face yarn passes, whereas the binding siteof a tufted pile yarn floor covering consists of a section of b
18、ackingfabric between two adjacent needle holes in the lengthwise direction.The number of pile yarn strands that can be fastened at one binding sitecan vary from one to several, according to the design. D5793,D5252, D5848, D6283, D6719buried pile yarn, nfor coated pile yarn floor covering, thepart of
19、 pile yarn tufts which is in or under the primarybacking. D5793, D5848carpet, na textile floor covering manufactured with naturalor synthetic yarns, the construction can be tufted, woven orother method of manufacture to form a pile yarn use surface.DISCUSSIONThe floor covering may or may not be inst
20、alled overcushion, attached to the floor by mechanical means, tack strips, oradhesives. D1335, D2646, D3936, D5251, D5252, D5417,D5793, D5848, D6119, D6283, D6540, D6719, D6859,D6962carpet module, ntextile floor covering sections usuallyhaving dimensions of less than 1 m2. D5848change in surface app
21、earancefor pile yarn floor covering-s,the physical affect of changing the use-surface by mechani-cal means or foot traffic.DISCUSSIONThe change in surface appearance is the cumulativechange in appearance between the unexposed and exposed test speci-mens due to matting, crushing, and loss of tuft def
22、inition. D6119,D6719components, nfor pile yarn floor covering, the individualyarn or fabric elements into which a pile yarn floor coveringcan be separated. D5793, D5848crush, nin pile yarn floor coverings, loss of tuft definitiondue to entanglement and compression of pile fibers.D6119cut pile yarn f
23、loor covering, na pile floor covering in whichthe pile is composed of adjacent tuft elements that areseparated or cut (see Fig. 1). D1335, D5823, D6283delaminationSee resistance to delamination.dents per unit width, nfor woven pile floor covering, thenumber of binding sites per unit width; dents bei
24、ng the reedspaces through which the warp yarns pass in the loom or themetal strips in the reed that form these spaces. D2646durability, nfor pile yarn floor coverings, a property of apile yarn floor covering describing the ability to maintainspecific physical properties or product integrity withoutd
25、eterioration after a significant amount of time or a signifi-cant extended stress. D6962edge ravel, nin pile yarn floor covering, the force requiredto pull a tuft element from a loop pile yarn floor coveringalong a seam in the lengthwise direction. D7267finished, adjin textile floor covering materia
26、ls, the comple-tion of all manufacturing operations. D1335, D2646,D3936, D5251, D5252, D5417, D5793, D5823, D5848,D6119, D6283, D6540, D6719, D6859, D6962, D7241,D7267finished pile yarn floor covering, nin textile floor coveringmaterials, the pile yarn floor covering that has undergone allof the ste
27、ps of the manufacturing process. D1335, D2646,D3936, D5251, D5252, D5417, D5793, D5823, D5848,D6119, D6283, D6540, D6719, D6859, D6962, D7241,D7267floor covering, nan essentially planar material, having arelatively small thickness in comparison to its length orwidth, that is laid on a floor to enhan
28、ce the beauty, comfort,and utility of the floor. D1335, D2646, D3936, D5251,D5252, D5417, D5793, D5823, D5848, D6119, D6283,D6540, D6719, D6859, D6962, D7241, D7267foot traffic units, nfor pile floor covering, the number ofpasses by human walkers over a specific group of carpetsamples. D6119fusion b
29、onding, nin pile yarn floor covering, a method ofcreating a carpet pile construction by attaching loops of yarnto a supporting adhesive material, usually PVC, to formeither cut or loop pile structures.fuzzing, nin pile yarn floor coverings, surface appearancechange due to the protrusion of broken or
30、 unbound fibers.lengthwise direction, nfor pile yarn floor covering, thedirection in a machine-made textile floor covering parallel tothe direction of movement during the manufacturing pro-cess.DISCUSSIONIn machine-made goods the lengthwise direction inapplicable to tufted and woven pile yarn floor
31、coverings. D1335,D2646, D3936, D5251, D5252, D5417, D5793, D5823,D5848, D6119, D6283, D6540, D6859, D6962, D7241,D7267ad = cut pile tuft elementgj = loop pile tuft elementab, cd, ef, gh, ij, jk = tuft legscd, ef = cut pile tuft leg pairij, jk = loop pile tuft leg pair, a loopB = one binding siteFIG.
32、 1 Cross Section of Tufted Pile Yarn Floor CoveringD5684 102level pile, nfor pile yarn floor covering, pile in which all tuftlegs are of substantially the same length. D5823loop pile yarn floor covering, na pile yarn floor covering inwhich the pile is composed only of uncut loops (see Fig. 1).D1335,
33、 D5823, D6283, D6859, D7241, D7267loss of tuft definition, n for pile yarn floor coverings, thebursting, opening, and untwisting of pile yarn, decrimping ofthe fibers in the surface pile, or any combination of these.D6119matting, nfor pile yarn floor coverings, loss of tuft definitiondue to entangle
34、ment. D6119multilevel pile, nfor pile yarn floor covering, pile in whichsome tuft legs are substantially longer than others, resultingin a sculptured appearance or pattern. D5848, D7241needles per unit width, nfor tufted pile yarn floor covering,the number of binding sites per unit of floor covering
35、 width;needles being the means of inserting the pile yarn into thebacking fabric. D5793nonwoven fabric, na textile structure produced by bondingor interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by mechani-cal, chemical, thermal, or solvent means and combinationsthereof. D2646peak force, nfor pile flo
36、or covering, the force required toseparate two or more layers and registered on a chart as apeak, that is, a value exceeding the value immediatelypreceding and following it. D3936pile, nfor pile yarn floor covering, the textured surfacecomposed of many tuft legs bound to a backing fabric in anorderl
37、y and repetitive array.DISCUSSIONAparticular pile floor covering may be all cut pile or allloop pile, and, in either case, the pile may be of essentially one pilelevel or multilevel. A particular floor covering may also contain bothcut pile areas and loop pile areas which may be of the same pile lev
38、elor different pile levels. Areas of intermingled cut and loop pile orintermingled high and low level pile may also occur. D1335,D2646, D3936, D5251, D5252, D5417, D5793, D5823,D5848, D6119, D6283, D6540, D6719, D6859, D6962,D7241pile height, nin determination of tuft height, a measurementthat uses
39、a small graduated ruler inserted until it touches thebacking to measure the pile from the top surface of theprimary backing to the top of the tuft.DISCUSSIONPile height is typically used generically by manufactur-ing personnel in setting machinery and by laymen. This procedure issubject to significa
40、nt variability between technicians and is thereforeused only for rough field work and machinery setting during themanufacturing process. D5823, D6859, D7241pile lay, nthe direction in which most of the pile fibers leanin the original, uncrushed carpet. D5251, D5252, D5417,D6540pile reversal, na pers
41、istent change in the direction of pile layin certain areas, resulting in an apparent visual difference ofshade. (Syn. watermarking, pooling, shading). D6119pile thickness, nin pile yarn floor covering, the difference inthe unextended height of the tuft elements above the backingmeasured as the diffe
42、rence between two parallel platesexerting a specified compression on the pile and backing andon the backing with the pile removed.DISCUSSIONPile thickness is the preferred procedure for precisionmeasurement, and, although it is more complex, it is very repeatablebetween different technicians and lab
43、oratories. D6859, D7241,D7267pile yarn floor covering, na textile product in which yarn oryarn segments are attached intermittently to a backing fabricto project above the backing fabric and form a pile, in theform of cut loops or loops, or both, with the yarn entering thebacking fabric substantiall
44、y perpendicular to the plane of thebacking fabric. See cut pile, cut pile floor covering, cut-looppile, level pile, loop pile, loop pile floor covering, multilevelpile. D1335, D2646, D3936, D5251, D5252, D5417,D5793, D5823, D5848, D6119, D6283, D6540, D6719,D6859, D6962, D7241pile yarn mass, nfor ba
45、ckcoated pile yarn floor covering,the mass per unit area of pile yarn.DISCUSSIONPile yarn mass includes pile yarn portions buried in thebacking and the short stubble of yarn projecting above the backing aftershearing as opposed to measurement of mass per unit area whichincludes only the amount that
46、can be shorn away from the backing.Some pile yarn floor covering constructions, such as patterned wovenWiltons, may have pile yarns that appear infrequently on the pilesurface; however, these inactive pile yarns should be included as part ofthe pile yarn mass per unit area, not as backing. This is n
47、ot applicableto needlepunch. D5793, D5848pitch, nfor woven pile floor covering, the number of bindingsites in 686 mm (27 in.) of width. D5251, D5252, D5417,D5793, D5848, D6859poolingSee pile reversal.primary backing, nfor tufted pile yarn floor covering, thefabric through which the pile yarn is carr
48、ied by needles toform tufts; the backing fabric. D5251, D5252, D5417,D5848, D6859resistance to delamination, nfor pile yarn floor covering,the force/unit width measured when separating the second-ary backing. D3936, D6719, D6962rug, na textile floor covering of limited area, which iscomplete in itse
49、lf, and typically not attached to a supportsurface. D1335, D2646, D3936, D5251, D5252, D5417,D5793, D5848, D6119, D6283, D6540, D6719, D6859,D6962, D7241, D7267, D7330secondary backing, nfor pile yarn floor covering, a suitablematerial attached to or adhered to the underside of theprimary backing fabric.DISCUSSIONThe secondary backing may be a textile layer, a solidplastic layer, a rubber sponge, or an elastomeric foam attached to oradhered to, flowed on, or coated onto the underside of the primarybacking fabric. D3936, D5251, D
