1、Designation: D5703 95 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forPreparatory Surface Cleaning for Clay Brick Masonry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5703; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers non-abrasive surface cleaning ofclay brick masonry to remove surface contaminants such asdirt, gr
3、ease, loose material, soot, fly ash, hydrocarbon residues,algae, etc. in preparation for the application of water repellentcoatings without damaging or altering the surface appearanceof the clay brick masonry.1.2 Procedures included in this practice are water cleaning,detergent water cleaning, press
4、urized water cleaning, steamcleaning, and acid cleaning. It is not intended for the cleaningof newly constructed brick masonry. Use of procedures de-scribed in this practice may not be appropriate where thesurface is of a historical nature.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5、as the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine
6、the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardinformation see Section 5 and Note 2 and Note 3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products (Withdrawn2009)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1
7、slurry, na coating of finely ground clay, coloringagents, and water applied to the surface of clay brick during themanufacturing process prior to firing of the unit.3.1.1.1 DiscussionSand may also be added to the slurry.3.2 For definitions of other terms found in this practice,refer to Terminology C
8、43.4. Significance and Use4.1 Surface cleaning is necessary to prepare clay brickmasonry surfaces for application of coatings intended for waterrepellent protection. Surface cleaning helps to ensure properadhesion or even penetration of the coating and to preventunintended sealing-in of stains.4.2 T
9、his practice addresses surface cleaning only. Otherpreparation or remedial repairs, such as repointing the masonryor replacing of units, may be necessary and must be completedprior to application of the water repellent treatment.5. Hazards5.1 Localized stains (for example efflorescence and metallics
10、tains) and previously applied coatings not compatible with thewater repellent treatment may require removal by other surfacecleaning methods. Failure to remove localized stains prior toapplication of the treatment may prevent later removal of thestain.NOTE 1Methods for removing localized stains, inc
11、luding use ofnon-proprietary chemical compounds, can be found in several references,some of which are listed in Appendix X1.5.2 Do not perform water cleaning, detergent watercleaning, pressurized water cleaning, and acid cleaning attemperatures below 40F.5.3 Handle proprietary chemical cleaning prod
12、ucts accord-ing to manufacturers recommendations. Conform to estab-lished federal, state, local and project requirements for use anddisposal of materials. Provisions for collecting and removingcleaning effluent may be necessary.5.4 Use the minimum effective pressure if pressure washingequipment is e
13、mployed for water cleaning or for flushing thesurface for detergent water cleaning or chemical cleaning.Avoid excessive pressure that could damage the masonrysurface.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the di
14、rect responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.47 on Concrete, Stone and Masonry Treatments.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5703 95 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/D5703-95R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AST
15、M website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM Interna
16、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Procedure6.1 Water, detergent water, pressurized water, or scrubbingare acceptable cleaning methods. Acid cleaning agents may beused to remove surface deposits such as soot, fly ash, andhydrocarbon residue
17、s not removed by any of the abovemethods. Precede and follow chemical and detergent cleaningwith a thorough fresh (potable) water rinse. Make provisionsfor the removal of cleaning effluent generated.6.2 If necessary, test cleaned surfaces for moisture contentprior to applying water repellent coating
18、. Before and aftercleaning, test surface to be cleaned with proprietary chemicalcompounds for pH.6.3 Type and existing conditions of the substrate determinethe selection of appropriate method(s). Select cleaning meth-ods based on surface condition, clay brick unit color, mortarcolor, and brick textu
19、re. Units with a sand finish or slurrycoated or glazed surface require special care. (See AppendixX1 for guidance on selection of a cleaning technique.)6.4 Five types of cleaning procedures are described below.Prior to the initiation of cleaning, clean small test areas ofapproximately 20 ft2(1.9 m2)
20、 in inconspicuous areas ofrepresentative soiling by the selected procedure to determineeffectiveness and to establish a standard for the work. One ormore of the procedures may be required to remove contami-nants from the masonry surface. Precautions on use are givenwhere applicable.6.4.1 Water Clean
21、ingRemoves dust, dirt and water-soluble surface contaminants. Plain water cleaning may be byhand cleaning or pressurized cleaning.6.4.1.1 Hand CleaningClean the surface with a stream ofclean portable water. When necessary, hand scrub with anonmetallic stiff-bristled fiber brush.NOTE 2Caution: Brick
22、masonry with surface coatings, such as sandfinished or slurry coated, require extra care as scrubbing may damage orremove the surface coating.6.4.1.2 Pressurized Water CleaningThis method may beused with plain water or for pre-wetting in conjunction withdetergent or chemical cleaning. Clean the surf
23、ace with a streamof clean portable water, aimed at an oblique angle approxi-mately 2 ft (0.6 m) from the surface, at the minimum pressurerequired to remove dust, dirt, and loose material withoutdamaging the substrate. Pressure should never exceed 700 psi(4800 kPa) for plain water cleaning.NOTE 3Caut
24、ion: This cleaning method is not appropriate for sandfinished brick and brick with glazed coatings or slurries applied to thefinished faces.6.4.2 Detergent Water CleaningRemoves water-solublesurface contaminants and oils, grease, and other emulsifiablematerials on the surface.6.4.2.1 Scrape off heav
25、y deposits of grease or oil andpre-wet the surface with potable water. Clean the surface witha nonmetallic stiff-bristled fiber brush, using an aqueoussolution of detergent or non-solvent emulsifier. Immediatelyafter treatment, before the surface dries, remove residues of thecleaning agent by thorou
26、ghly flushing the surface with cleanpotable water. Do not exceed pressure of 50 psi (340 kPa) ifpressurized water with a detergent additive is used. It ispossible for detergent or chemical solutions to be driven intothe masonry when applied under high pressure and become thesource of future staining
27、.6.4.2.2 Repeat 6.4.2.1 until water does not bead on thesurfaces.6.4.3 Acid CleaningThis procedure is similar to detergentwater cleaning, but involves the use of proprietary acidcleaning compounds (generally muriatic hydrofluoric andphosphoric acids) for the removal of surface deposits such assoot,
28、fly ash, and hydrocarbon residues.6.4.3.1 Precautions:(1) Do not use muriatic acid compounds on light colored(white, tan, buff, pink) or gray, brown or black colored brickunits containing manganese. Manganese stains (“brown stain”)may result when acid is used to clean such units.(2) Strong acid conc
29、entrations may etch or discolor brickand mortar joints.(3) Acid cleaning is generally not recommended formasonry made with colored mortars since colored mortar maybe bleached by the process.6.4.3.2 Protect all adjacent materials and surrounding areasas recommended by the manufacturer of the propriet
30、ary acidcleaning compound.6.4.3.3 Before applying the acid cleaning compound, pre-wet the surface thoroughly with potable water to preventabsorption of the cleaning solution within the pores of themasonry.6.4.3.4 Apply a dilute solution of the cleaning compound tothe pre-wet surface as recommended b
31、y the manufacturer.Leave the cleaning solution on the surface for the prescribeddwell period (usually less than 5 min). Do not apply atpressures exceeding 50 psi (340 kPa).6.4.3.5 Immediately following the dwell period, and beforethe surface dries, flush thoroughly with clean potable water towash ch
32、emical cleaning compounds from the surface, thenrinse thoroughly from bottom to top. (Rinsing from bottom totop helps to avoid surface streaking). Repeated flushing may benecessary to remove cleaning residues.7. Evaluation7.1 Surface cleaning is intended to provide a clean,contamination-free surface
33、 without damaging the brick ma-sonry surfaces. Visually examine the cleaned surface to evalu-ate removal of contaminants. Acceptable surfaces shall be freeof oil, grease, and other contamination such as dirt, soot, ash,and hydrocarbon residues.8. Keywords8.1 brick masonry; substrate preparation; sur
34、face cleaning;water repellent coatingD5703 95 (2013)2APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COMMENTARYX1.1 This practice covers methods appropriate for thegeneral cleaning of clay brick masonry surfaces. Selection of acleaning method is dependent upon the characteristics of thebrick masonry such as b
35、rick color, brick texture, mortar color,and condition of the masonry. Table X1.1 provides guidelinesfor the selection of a cleaning methods based on the charac-teristics of the masonry.X1.2 Cleaning may also involve localized stains. Suchstains may be caused by reaction of the masonry to previouslya
36、pplied chemicals or by external materials contacting themasonry. The key to the removal of localized stains is firstidentifying the stain. Several guides provide recommendationson techniques and cleaning agents for removing specificstains.4,5ASTM International takes no position respecting the validi
37、ty of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subjec
38、t to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarte
39、rs. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard
40、is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service
41、astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).4Grimm, C. T., “Cleaning MasonryA Review of the Literature,” ConstructionResearch Center, University of Texas at Arlington, 19
42、88.5“Cleaning Brick Masonry,” Technical Notes on Brick Construction 20 RevisedII, Brick Institute of America, 1990.TABLE X1.1 Guidelines for Selection of a Cleaning Method forClay Brick MasonryBrick Color RecommendationsRed Most methods of cleaning may be used.Light Colors andBrownsDo not use muriat
43、ic acid. Clean with plain water,detergents or suitable proprietary compounds.Light colored units are more susceptible to acidburn and stains.Brick Texture RecommendationsSmooth Stains and contaminants are generally easilyremoved.Rough Dirt stains tend to penetrate deep into recesses.Provide addition
44、al water for pre-wetting and rinsing.Pressurized water cleaning is moreeffective than plain water.Sand finished andslurry coatedClean with plain or detergent water and scrub brushusing light pressure. Do not use heavy scrubbingor pressurized cleaning.Glazed Most methods of cleaning are suitable. Do
45、not useacid on glazed brick. Do not use metal cleaningtools or brushes. Avoid heavy scrubbing andpressurized cleaning.Mortar Color RecommendationsGray Most methods of cleaning are suitable. Strongconcentrations of acid may etch or discolor mortarjoints.Pigmented Most acids tend to bleach colored mortars. Milddetergent solutions are generally recommended.Condition of Masonry RecommendationsSound surfaces andhard mortar jointsMost methods of cleaning are suitable.Crumbly surfaces andloose particlesSpecial care is required. Avoid pressurized cleaningmethods.D5703 95 (2013)3
