1、Designation: D5704 10Standard Test Method forEvaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability ofLubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and FinalDrive Axles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1test.2It co
3、vers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, anddeposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual trans-mission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected tohigh-temperature oxidizing conditions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values give
4、n in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsThe values stated in SI units for catalystmass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air floware to be regarded as standard.1.2.2 SI units are pr
5、ovided for all parameters except wherethere is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads,or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of
6、the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warninginformation is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B224 Classification of CoppersD235
7、 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD893 Test Method f
8、or Insolubles in Used Lubricating OilsD6984 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in theUnified Num
9、bering System (UNS)2.2 ANSI Standard:4ANSI/ISA-S7.3 Quality Standard for Instrument Air2.3 Military Specification:5MIL-L-2105D Lubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose2.4 ASTM Adjuncts:6Engineering Drawings3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 carbon, nin manual transmissions and final driveaxles, a hard,
10、dry, generally black or gray deposit that can beremoved by solvents but not by wiping with a cloth.3.1.2 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, betweenthem. D69843.1.3 sludge, nin manual transmissions and final driveaxles, a deposit princi
11、pally composed of the lubricating oil andoxidation products that do not drain from parts but can beremoved by wiping with a cloth.3.1.4 thermal and oxidative stability, nin lubricating oilsused for manual transmissions and final drive axles, a lack ofdeterioration of the lubricating oil under high-t
12、emperature1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants percent output adjustable.6.1.5 ThermocouplesFor determination, recording, andcontrol of the test oi
13、l temperature, a18-in. (3.2 mm) Type Jopen-tip thermocouple is specified. Thermocouples for otherdata measurements may be used as suitable to the user but inall cases shall be placed behind the baffle plate in the gear boxassembly and shall not interfere with normal oil flow patternsduring the test.
14、6.1.6 Temperature Recorder, any suitable recording devicecapable of generating a temperature record using the specifiedthermocouples and temperature control devices. Temperaturetraces for tests shall be submitted with the test report.6.1.7 AlternatorThe alternator for loading is speci-fied.11,13No s
15、ubstitutions are allowed. Wiring for the alternatorshall be modified as shown in the engineering drawings.Modify the alternator load circuit as shown in Annex A7.6.1.8 Heater BlowerThe heater blower system shall sup-ply to the insulated oven assembly 29.5 6 5ft3/min (835 L/min6 142 L/min) of air (at
16、 free flow conditions) through the218-in. (54 mm) diameter blower opening as shown in theengineering drawings. The heater blower may be a cage typeblower wheel powered by an electric motor or powered by wayof a toothed belt from the main drive shaft.6.1.8.1 Confirm the heater blower system air flow
17、at labo-ratory ambient conditions with a Preso Low Loss VenturiMeter11,14(2-in. model LPL-200NF-38) with carbon steel7Available from the American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St. NW, Washington,DC 20005.8Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesti
18、ng Research Report RR:D02-1353.9Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.10The sole source of supply of Chromalox No. 118-553661-505; 1500 W knownto the committee at this time is Anderson Bolos, Inc., 24050 Commerce Park Rd.,Cleveland, OH 44122-5
19、838.11If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM Headquarters. Your comments will be given careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.12The sole source of supply of the Ogden FD 1Z0895; 150 W known to thecommi
20、ttee at this time is Ogden, 719 W. Algonquin Rd., Arlington Hts., OH.13The sole source of supply of the Delco-Remy GM Part No. 1105360, ModelNo. 10-SI Series Type 100, 63 A; 12 V negative ground known to the committee atthis time is S. E. Chevrolet Co., 2810 Bishop Rd; Willoughby Hills, OH 44092 ora
21、ny other GM dealer.14The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis SW Controls Inc., 2525 East Royalton Road, Broadview Heights, OH 44147.D5704 102body,14-in. NPT instrument connections and 2-in. 150-lbraised-face process connections and a Dwyer digital manom-eter,
22、11,15part number 475-00-FM. Perform the verificationwith the heater elements turned off.6.1.8.2 Send the Preso Low Loss Venturi Meter togetherwith the Dwyer digital manometer to the specified calibrationlaboratory16for cleaning and calibration at least once a year.6.1.9 Air Flow ControllerThe air fl
23、ow controller11,17shallbe capable of controlling the air supply at a flow rate of (22.086 2.01) mg/min (see Note 1).NOTE 1It has been suggested that 20 to 30 ft (6 m to 9 m) of supplyline between the air regulator and the mass air flow meter may help toreduce flow meter readout fluctuations.6.1.10 T
24、est Gears, one machine tool change gear (34 teeth,with a width of38-in. (9.5 mm) and one machine tool changegear (50 teeth, with a width of38-in. (9.5 mm).11,186.1.11 Test Bearing, ball bearing.11,196.1.12 O-ring Seals, O-ring for the seal plate and O-ring forthe cover plate.11,196.1.13 Lip Seals, t
25、wo Chicago Rawhide or SKF shaft oil lipseals, part number 6383, are required.11,196.1.14 Speedi-sleeve, two Chicago Rawhide or SKF speedi-sleeves, part number 99062, are required.11,196.1.15 Joint Radial Seal, two Chicago Rawhide or SKFjoint radial (V-ring) seals, part number 400164, are re-quired.1
26、1,196.1.16 Gear Holder Apparatus, used to hold the test gearsduring preparation (Annex A9).6.2 All new equipment shall be constructed in accordancewith the engineering drawings available as an adjunct fromASTM Headquarters6in order to meet calibration require-ments. Builders unable to obtain specifi
27、ed parts and wishing touse substitutes shall request approval fromASTM Subcommit-tee D02.B0.03.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Air, compressed, instrument quality, meeting ANSI/ISA-S7.3, that limits dew point, maximum particle size, andmaximum oil content of the air at the instrument.7.2 Copper Catalys
28、t, cold-rolled, electrolytic tough pitchcopper, conforming to UNS (Unified Numbering System)C11000.11,12Shear the two strips from stock of thickness116-in. (1.6 mm) to approximately916 by 11316 in. (14 mm by46 mm).NOTE 2For more information on the classification of coppers and theUnified Numbering S
29、ystem (UNS), consult Classification B224 andPractice E527, respectively.7.3 Organic Cleaning Agent.(WarningCombustible,health hazard (see Annex A3).)11,20,217.4 Silicon Carbide Paper, 180 grit.7.5 Solvent, Use only mineral spirits meeting the require-ments of Specification D235, Type II, Class C for
30、 AromaticContent (0 to 2% vol), Flash Point (142F/61 C, min) andColor (not darker than +25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-CoScale). (WarningCombustible. Health hazard.) Obtain aCertificate of Analysis for each batch of solvent from thesupplier.)7.6 Toluene, commercial grade. (WarningFlammable.Health h
31、azard.) An example of a satisfactory volatile hydro-carbon solvent.7.7 Heptane, commercial grade. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.) An example of a satisfactory volatile hydro-carbon solvent.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Air Box Temperature Limiting DeviceAfter initial riginstallation, preset the o
32、ven air temperature limit to 400F(204 C). This can be achieved by placing the insulated ovencover in position on the rig and installing the air temperaturesensor at a penetration depth of 3 in. (75 mm) below the topinner surface of the cover. Switch on the heaters and circulatingfan. Adjust the temp
33、erature control device to deactivate theheaters when the air temperature reaches 400F (204 C). Thisoven temperature limit may later be reduced as outlined in 10.3to meet rig heat-up requirements.8.2 Temperature Recording and ControllingInstrumentationSince this test procedure is extremely sensi-tive
34、 to temperature, it is necessary to maintain a periodic checkupon the accuracy of all items related to temperature measure-ment and control. Therefore, immediately after the installationof a new test rig, and before every set of reference tests, theinstrumentation used to measure and record the air
35、and oiltemperatures shall be calibrated against known standardstraceable to NIST.22For instance, the oil temperature thermo-couple and indicating controller shall be calibrated. This can beaccomplished by immersing the tip of the probe into anauxiliary temperature-controlled oil bath equipped with a
36、stirrer. The bath temperature shall be set accurately at 325F(162.8 C) and the test measuring equipment shall be con-firmed to be accurate prior to testing.8.3 Gear CaseUsing the organic cleaning agent (see 7.3),clean the gear case, vent tube, vent tube baffle, retainerbushings, seal sleeves, case c
37、over plate, seal plate, nuts, studs,flat washers, baffle plate, spacer bushings, bearing bushingsand clamp, keys, shaft ends, shaft nuts, and catalysts. Nylonbristle brushes, steel brushes, and long pipe cleaners can beused to aid cleaning. Do not use any copper or copper-containing brushes or mater
38、ial as a cleaning medium. Follow-ing the cleaning procedure with an organic cleaning agent,15The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis JF Good Company, 11200 Madison Ave., Cleveland, OH 44102.16Bowser-Morner, 4518 Taylorsville Rd., Dayton, OH 45424.17The sole s
39、ource of supply of the Air Flow Controller Model 840-L-1 knownto the committee at this time is Sierra Instruments, Inc., 5 Harris Court, Bldg. L,Monterey, CA 93940.18The sole source of supply of the GA-34 and GA-50 gears known to thecommittee at this time is Boston Gear Works, 14 Hayward St., Quincy
40、, MA 02171.19The sole source of supply of the R-14 10 ball bearing, No. 2-153 (seal plateO-ring), No. 2-264 (cover plate O-ring), 6383 seals, 400164 seals, and 99062speedi-sleeves known to the committee at this time is Motion Industries, 4620Hinckley Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44109.20The sole source of
41、 supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Oakite Products, Inc., 13177 Huron River Dr., Romulus, MI 48174.21The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Pentone Corp., 74 Hudson Ave., Tenafly, NJ 07670.22National Institute of Standards and Tec
42、hnology (formerly National Bureau ofStandards), Gaithersburg, MD 20899.D5704 103wash parts thoroughly with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), andfinally with a volatile hydrocarbon solvent (see 7.6 or 7.7), tofacilitate air drying. Allow parts to air dry.8.4 Test GearsThoroughly clean the test gears with c
43、lean-ing solvent (see 7.5). Carefully examine the gear teeth for nicksand burrs. Do not use gears with major imperfections. Redressminor gear teeth imperfections with a fine stone or file. Afterfinal examination, wash gears once more with cleaning solventand finally with a volatile hydrocarbon solve
44、nt, to facilitate airdrying. Allow gears to air dry.8.4.1 Prepare each gear with one piece of Screen-Kut siliconcarbide C-180 paper.11,23Use one side of the silicon carbidepaper to prepare one side of a gear. Use the opposite side of thesilicon carbide paper to prepare the opposite side of the gear.
45、Place a piece of silicon carbide paper on a solid surface that hasa thickness greater than or equal to12 in. (12.7 mm). Saturatethe entire silicon carbide paper with cleaning solvent (see 7.5).Sand both sides of the test gears, with the required gear holderapparatus (6.1.16) on the silicon carbide p
46、aper, using a figureeight motion. Do not apply a downward force to the gearholder while sanding. Sand the gears until the manufacturersmachining marks are removed. Prepare the test gears prior tothe catalyst. A third sheet of silicon carbide paper may be usedto prepare the catalyst strips. After fin
47、al examination, washgears once more with cleaning solvent (see 7.5) and finallywith a volatile hydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate air drying.Allow gears to air dry. If the gears are not to be usedimmediately, wrap them in a paper towel and Nox-Rustpaper.11,24Start the test within 24 h after polishin
48、g is com-pleted.8.4.2 Discard the test gears if not used within 24 h.8.5 Test BearingPrior to installation, wash the test bearingfirst with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), and finally with a volatilehydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate drying. Allow the bearing toair dry.8.6 Copper Catalyst:8.6.1 Notch on
49、e strip for purpose of identification. Thenotch shall be triangular in shape centered on the long side ofthe strip. Sides of the triangular notch shall be equal andapproximately 0.2 in. (approximately 5 mm) in length.8.6.2 Polish both catalyst strips on all six sides with a 180-grit silicon carbide paper.8.6.3 Wipe both catalyst strips with absorbent cotton padsmoistened with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), and wash with avolatile hydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate drying. Allow cata-lyst strips to air dry.8.6.4 Record the mass of the catalyst with the
