1、Designation:D570411 Designation: D5704 12Standard Test Method forEvaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability ofLubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and FinalDrive Axles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5704; the number immediately following the designation indicat
2、es the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as
3、the L-60-1 test.2It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, anddeposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected tohigh-temperature oxidizing conditions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as sta
4、ndard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsThe values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow areto be regarded as standa
5、rd.1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, orwhere there is a sole source supply equipment specification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. I
6、t is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B224 Class
7、ification of CoppersD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric T
8、itrationD893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating OilsD6984 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE527 Practice for Numbering Metals
9、and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)2.2 ANSI Standard:4ANSI/ISA-S7.3 Quality Standard for Instrument Air2.3 Military Specification:5MIL-L-2105D Lubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose2.4 ASTM Adjuncts:6Engineering Drawings1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on P
10、etroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.03on Automotive Gear Lubricants 1500 W known to the committee at this time is Anderson Bolos, Inc., 24050 Commerce Park Rd.,Cleveland, OH 44122-5838.D5704 1226.1.3.2 Alternator Load Heater, one only allowed.11,1
11、26.1.4 Temperature Controller, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) type; percent output adjustable.6.1.5 ThermocouplesFor determination, recording, and control of the test oil temperature, a18-in. (3.2 mm) Type J open-tipthermocouple is specified. Thermocouples for other data measurements may be
12、used as suitable to the user but in all cases shallbe placed behind the baffle plate in the gear box assembly and shall not interfere with normal oil flow patterns during the test.6.1.6 Temperature Recorder, any suitable recording device capable of generating a temperature record using the specified
13、thermocouples and temperature control devices. Temperature traces for tests shall be submitted with the test report.6.1.7 AlternatorThe alternator for loading is specified.11,13No substitutions are allowed. Wiring for the alternator shall bemodified as shown in the engineering drawings. Modify the a
14、lternator load circuit as shown in Annex A7.6.1.8 Heater BlowerThe heater blower system shall supply to the insulated oven assembly 29.5 6 5ft3/min (835 L/min 6142 L/min) of air (at free flow conditions) through the 218-in. (54 mm) diameter blower opening as shown in the engineeringdrawings. The hea
15、ter blower may be a cage type blower wheel powered by an electric motor or powered by way of a toothed beltfrom the main drive shaft.6.1.8.1 Confirm the heater blower system air flow at laboratory ambient conditions with a Preso Low Loss Venturi Meter11,14(2-in. model LPL-200NF-38) with carbon steel
16、 body,14-in. NPT instrument connections and 2-in. 150-lb raised-face processconnections and a Dwyer digital manometer,11,15part number 475-00-FM. Perform the verification with the heater elements turnedoff.6.1.8.2 Send the Preso Low Loss Venturi Meter together with the Dwyer digital manometer to the
17、 specified calibrationlaboratory16for cleaning and calibration at least once a year.6.1.9 Air Flow ControllerThe air flow controller11,17shall be capable of controlling the air supply at a flow rate of (22.08 62.01) mg/min (see Note 1).NOTE 1It has been suggested that 20 to 30 ft (6 m to 9 m) of sup
18、ply line between the air regulator and the mass air flow meter may help to reduceflow meter readout fluctuations.6.1.10 Test Gears, one machine tool change gear (34 teeth, with a width of38-in. (9.5 mm) and one machine tool change gear(50 teeth, with a width of38-in. (9.5 mm).11,186.1.11 Test Bearin
19、g, ball bearing.11,196.1.12 O-ring Seals, O-ring for the seal plate and O-ring for the cover plate.11,196.1.13 Lip Seals, two Chicago Rawhide or SKF shaft oil lip seals, part number 6383, are required.11,196.1.14 Speedi-sleeve, two Chicago Rawhide or SKF speedi-sleeves, part number 99062, are requir
20、ed.11,196.1.15 Joint Radial Seal, two Chicago Rawhide or SKF joint radial (V-ring) seals, part number 400164, are required.11,196.1.16 Gear Holder Apparatus, used to hold the test gears during preparation (Annex A9).6.2 All new equipment shall be constructed in accordance with the engineering drawin
21、gs available as an adjunct from ASTMHeadquarters6in order to meet calibration requirements. Builders unable to obtain specified parts and wishing to use substitutesshall request approval from ASTM Subcommittee D02.B0.03.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Air, compressed, instrument quality, meeting ANSI/I
22、SA-S7.3, that limits dew point, maximum particle size, and maximumoil content of the air at the instrument.7.2 Copper Catalyst, cold-rolled, electrolytic tough pitch copper, conforming to UNS (Unified Numbering System) C11000.11,12Shear the two strips from stock of thickness116-in. (1.6 mm) to appro
23、ximately916 by 11316 in. (14 mm by 46 mm).NOTE 2For more information on the classification of coppers and the Unified Numbering System (UNS), consult Classification B224 and PracticeE527, respectively.7.3 Organic Cleaning Agent.(WarningCombustible, health hazard (see Annex A3).)11,20,2111This test m
24、ethod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.03on Automotive Gear Lubricants 150 W known to the committee at this time is Ogden, 719 W. Algonquin Rd., Arlington Hts., OH.13The sole source of supply
25、of the Delco-Remy GM Part No. 1105360, Model No. 10-SI Series Type 100, 63 A; 12 V negative ground known to the committee at thistime is S. E. Chevrolet Co., 2810 Bishop Rd; Willoughby Hills, OH 44092 or any other GM dealer.14The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this
26、time is SW Controls Inc., 2525 East Royalton Road, Broadview Heights, OH 44147.15The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is JF Good Company, 11200 Madison Ave., Cleveland, OH 44102.16Bowser-Morner, 4518 Taylorsville Rd., Dayton, OH 45424.17The sole source of su
27、pply of the Air Flow Controller Model 840-L-1 known to the committee at this time is Sierra Instruments, Inc., 5 Harris Court, Bldg. L, Monterey,CA 93940.18The sole source of supply of the GA-34 and GA-50 gears known to the committee at this time is Boston Gear Works, 14 Hayward St., Quincy, MA 0217
28、1.19The sole source of supply of the R-14 10 ball bearing, No. 2-153 (seal plate O-ring), No. 2-264 (cover plate O-ring), 6383 seals, 400164 seals, and 99062 speedi-sleevesknown to the committee at this time is Motion Industries, 4620 Hinckley Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44109.20The sole source of supply
29、 of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Oakite Products, Inc., 13177 Huron River Dr., Romulus, MI 48174.D5704 1237.4 Silicon Carbide Paper, 180 grit.7.5 Solvent, Use only mineral spirits meeting the requirements of Specification D235, Type II, Class C for Aromatic Content(0 to 2% vo
30、l), Flash Point (142F/61 C, min) and Color (not darker than +25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co Scale).(WarningCombustible. Health hazard.) Obtain a Certificate of Analysis for each batch of solvent from the supplier.)7.6 Toluene, commercial grade. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.) An example of a
31、satisfactory volatile hydrocarbonsolvent.7.7 Heptane, commercial grade. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.) An example of a satisfactory volatile hydrocarbonsolvent.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Air Box Temperature Limiting DeviceAfter initial rig installation, preset the oven air temperature limit
32、to 400F (204 C).This can be achieved by placing the insulated oven cover in position on the rig and installing the air temperature sensor at apenetration depth of 3 in. (75 mm) below the top inner surface of the cover. Switch on the heaters and circulating fan. Adjust thetemperature control device t
33、o deactivate the heaters when the air temperature reaches 400F (204 C). This oven temperature limitmay later be reduced as outlined in 10.3 to meet rig heat-up requirements.8.2 Temperature Recording and Controlling InstrumentationSince this test procedure is extremely sensitive to temperature,it is
34、necessary to maintain a periodic check upon the accuracy of all items related to temperature measurement and control.Therefore, immediately after the installation of a new test rig, and before every set of reference tests, the instrumentation used tomeasure and record the air and oil temperatures sh
35、all be calibrated against known standards traceable to NIST.22For instance, theoil temperature thermocouple and indicating controller shall be calibrated. This can be accomplished by immersing the tip of theprobe into an auxiliary temperature-controlled oil bath equipped with a stirrer.The bath temp
36、erature shall be set accurately at 325F(162.8 C) and the test measuring equipment shall be confirmed to be accurate prior to testing.8.3 Gear CaseUsing the organic cleaning agent (see 7.3), clean the gear case, vent tube, vent tube baffle, retainer bushings,seal sleeves, case cover plate, seal plate
37、, nuts, studs, flat washers, baffle plate, spacer bushings, bearing bushings and clamp, keys,shaft ends, shaft nuts, and catalysts. Nylon bristle brushes, steel brushes, and long pipe cleaners can be used to aid cleaning. Donot use any copper or copper-containing brushes or material as a cleaning me
38、dium. Following the cleaning procedure with anorganic cleaning agent, wash parts thoroughly with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), and finally with a volatile hydrocarbon solvent (see7.6 or 7.7), to facilitate air drying. Allow parts to air dry.8.4 Test GearsThoroughly clean the test gears with cleaning s
39、olvent (see 7.5). Carefully examine the gear teeth for nicks andburrs. Do not use gears with major imperfections. Redress minor gear teeth imperfections with a fine stone or file. After finalexamination, wash gears once more with cleaning solvent and finally with a volatile hydrocarbon solvent, to f
40、acilitate air drying.Allow gears to air dry.8.4.1 Prepare each gear with new Screen-Kut silicon carbide C-180 paper.11,23Place a new piece of silicon carbide paper ona solid surface that has a thickness greater than or equal to12 in. (12.7 mm). Saturate the entire silicon carbide paper with cleaning
41、solvent (see 7.5). Use one new piece of silicon carbide paper per gear side, using both sides of the silicon carbide paper asnecessary. Sand both sides of the test gears, with the required gear holder apparatus (6.1.16) on the silicon carbide paper, usinga figure eight motion. Do not apply a downwar
42、d force to the gear holder while sanding. Sand the gears until the manufacturersmachining marks are removed. After final examination, wash gears once more with cleaning solvent (see 7.5) and finally with avolatile hydrocarbon solvent (see 7.6 or 7.7), to facilitate air drying. Allow gears to air dry
43、. If the gears are not to be usedimmediately, wrap them in a paper towel and Nox-Rust paper.11,248.4.1.1 Discard the test gears if not used within 24 h after polishing is completed.8.5 Test BearingPrior to installation, wash the test bearing first with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), and finally with a
44、volatilehydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate drying. Allow the bearing to air dry.8.6 Copper Catalyst:8.6.1 Notch one strip for purpose of identification. The notch shall be triangular in shape centered on the long side of the strip.Sides of the triangular notch shall be equal and approximately 0.2 in
45、. (approximately 5 mm) in length.8.6.2 Polish both catalyst strips on all six sides with Screen-Kut silicon carbide C-180 paper.11 ,23Use either a new piece ofScreen-Kut or one retained from the gear polishing procedure described in 8.4.1.8.6.3 Wipe both catalyst strips with absorbent cotton pads mo
46、istened with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), and wash with a volatilehydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate drying. Allow catalyst strips to air dry.8.6.4 Record the mass of the catalyst with the notched strip to the nearest 0.0001 g prior to installation. Handle cleaned catalyststrips with one of the follo
47、wing: new nitrile gloves, new latex gloves, tweezers, or ashless filter paper to avoid contamination ofthe catalyst surface from skin contact.21Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters.I
48、nformation Letters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489.Attention:Administrator. This edition incorporatesrevisions in all Information Letters through 112. The TMC is also the source of reference oils.22National Institute of Standards and Techn
49、ology (formerly National Bureau of Standards), Gaithersburg, MD 20899.23The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is McMaster-Carr Supply Company, part number 4677A14.24The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is DaubertVCI, Inc., 1333 Burr Ridge Parkway, Suite 200, Burr Ridge, IL 60527.D5704 1248.7 Gear Case AssemblyAssemble the gear case components (see Annex A2 for exploded view).8.7.1 Inspect all parts prior to assembly of the gear case. Replace any parts that would aff
