1、Designation: D5704 15aStandard Test Method forEvaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability ofLubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and FinalDrive Axles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1test.2It
3、covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, anddeposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual trans-mission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected tohigh-temperature oxidizing conditions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values gi
4、ven in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsThe values stated in SI units for catalystmass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air floware to be regarded as standard.1.2.2 SI units are
5、provided for all parameters except wherethere is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads,or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility o
6、f the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warninginformation is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B224 Classification of CoppersD2
7、35 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD893 Test Method
8、 for Insolubles in Used Lubricating OilsD6984 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in theUnified N
9、umbering System (UNS)2.2 ANSI Standard:4ANSI/ISA-S7.3 Quality Standard for Instrument Air2.3 Military Specification:5MIL-L-2105D Lubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose2.4 ASTM Adjuncts:6Engineering Drawings3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 carbon, nin manual transmissions and final driveaxles, a hard
10、, dry, generally black or gray deposit that can beremoved by solvents but not by wiping with a cloth.3.1.2 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, betweenthem. D69843.1.3 sludge, nin manual transmissions and final driveaxles, a deposit prin
11、cipally composed of the lubricating oil andoxidation products that do not drain from parts but can beremoved by wiping with a cloth.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02
12、.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants percent output adjustable.6.1.5 ThermocouplesFor determination, recording, andcontrol of the test oil temperature, a18 in. (3.2 mm) Type Jopen-tip thermocouple is specified. Thermocouples for otherdata measurements may be used as suitable to the user but inall ca
13、ses shall be placed behind the baffle plate in the gear boxassembly and shall not interfere with normal oil flow patternsduring the test.6.1.6 Temperature Recorder, any suitable recording devicecapable of generating a temperature record using the specifiedthermocouples and temperature control device
14、s. Submit tem-perature traces for tests with the test report.6.1.7 AlternatorUse a Remy model 10-SI Series Type100, 63 A, 12 V negative ground alternator part number 91751for loading the gearset.13,11Modify the alternator by removingthe diode trio and resistor as shown in the circuit diagram inFig.
15、A7.1. The supplied v-belt pulley may be replaced with amulti-groove (so called micro-v) pulley provided the originalmetal fan and 1:1 pulley ratio are retained.6.1.8 Heater BlowerThe heater blower system shall sup-ply to the insulated oven assembly 29.5 6 5ft3/min (835 L/min7Available from American
16、Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.8Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1353.9Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096,
17、 http:/www.sae.org.10The sole source of supply known to the committee at this time is Chromolox,Inc., 103 Gamma Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15238.11If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM Headquarters. Your comments will be given careful consideration at ameeting of
18、 the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.12The sole source of supply known to the committee at this time is OgdenManufacturing Co., 103 Gamma Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15238.13The sole source of supply known to the committee at this time is Remy, 600Corporation Dr., Pendleton, IN 46064.D
19、5704 15a26 142 L/min) of air (at free flow conditions) through the218 in. (54 mm) diameter blower opening as shown in theengineering drawings. The heater blower may be a cage typeblower wheel powered by an electric motor or powered by wayof a toothed belt from the main drive shaft.6.1.8.1 Confirm th
20、e heater blower system air flow at labo-ratory ambient conditions with a Preso Low Loss VenturiMeter14,11(2 in. model LPL-200NF-38) with carbon steelbody,14-in. NPT instrument connections and 2 in. 150 lbraised-face process connections and a Dwyer digitalmanometer,15,11part number 475-00-FM. Perform
21、 the verifi-cation with the heater elements turned off.6.1.8.2 Send the Preso Low Loss Venturi Meter togetherwith the Dwyer digital manometer to the specified calibrationlaboratory16for cleaning and calibration at least once a year.6.1.9 Air Flow ControllerThe air flow controller17,11shallbe capable
22、 of controlling the air supply at a flow rate of22.08 mgmin 6 2.01 mgmin (see Note 1).NOTE 1It has been suggested that 20 to 30 ft (6 m to 9 m) of supplyline between the air regulator and the mass air flow meter may help toreduce flow meter readout fluctuations.6.1.10 Test Gears, one machine tool ch
23、ange gear (34 teeth,with a width of38 in. (9.5 mm) and one machine tool changegear (50 teeth, with a width of38 in. (9.5 mm).18,116.1.11 Test Bearing, ball bearing.19,116.1.12 O-ring Seals, O-ring for the seal plate and O-ring forthe cover plate.19,116.1.13 Lip Seals, two Chicago Rawhide or SKF shaf
24、t oil lipseals, part number 6383, are required.19,116.1.14 Speedi-sleeve, two Chicago Rawhide or SKF speedi-sleeves, part number 99062, are required.19,116.1.15 Joint Radial Seal, two Chicago Rawhide or SKFjoint radial (V-ring) seals, part number 400164, arerequired.19,116.1.16 Gear Holder Apparatus
25、, used to hold the test gearsduring preparation (Annex A9).6.2 Construct all new equipment in accordance with theengineering drawings available as an adjunct from ASTMHeadquarters6in order to meet calibration requirements. Build-ers unable to obtain specified parts and wishing to usesubstitutes shal
26、l request approval from ASTM SubcommitteeD02.B0.03.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Air, compressed, instrument quality, meetingANSI/ISA-S7.3, that limits dew point, maximum particle size, andmaximum oil content of the air at the instrument.7.2 Copper Catalyst, cold-rolled, electrolytic tough pitchcoppe
27、r, conforming to UNS (Unified Numbering System)C11000.12,11Shear the two strips from stock of thickness116 in. (1.6 mm) to approximately916 by 11316 in. (14 mm by46 mm).NOTE 2For more information on the classification of coppers and theUnified Numbering System (UNS), consult Classification B224 andP
28、ractice E527, respectively.7.3 Organic Cleaning Agent. (WarningCombustible,health hazard (see Annex A3).)20,21,117.4 Silicon Carbide Paper, 180 grit.7.5 Solvent, Use only mineral spirits meeting the require-ments of Specification D235, Type II, Class C for AromaticContent (0 to 2% vol), Flash Point
29、(142 F61 C, min) andColor (not darker than +25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-CoScale). (WarningCombustible. Health hazard.) Obtain aCertificate of Analysis for each batch of solvent from thesupplier.)7.6 Toluene, commercial grade. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.) An example of a satisfactory volatil
30、e hydro-carbon solvent.7.7 Heptane, commercial grade. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.) An example of a satisfactory volatile hydro-carbon solvent.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Air Box Temperature Limiting DeviceAfter initial riginstallation, preset the oven air temperature limit to 400 F(204 C). T
31、his can be achieved by placing the insulated ovencover in position on the rig and installing the air temperaturesensor at a penetration depth of 3 in. (75 mm) below the topinner surface of the cover. Switch on the heaters and circulatingfan. Adjust the temperature control device to deactivate thehea
32、ters when the air temperature reaches 400 F (204 C). Thisoven temperature limit may later be reduced as outlined in 10.3to meet rig heat-up requirements.8.2 Temperature Recording and ControllingInstrumentationSince this test procedure is extremely sensi-tive to temperature, it is necessary to mainta
33、in a periodic checkupon the accuracy of all items related to temperature measure-ment and control. Therefore, immediately after the installationof a new test rig, and before every set of reference tests,calibrate the instrumentation used to measure and record the airand oil temperatures against know
34、n standards traceable toNIST.22For instance, calibrate the oil temperature thermo-couple and indicating controller. This can be accomplished by14The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis SW Controls Inc., 2525 East Royalton Road, Broadview Heights, OH 44147.15T
35、he sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis JF Good Company, 11200 Madison Ave., Cleveland, OH 44102.16Bowser-Morner, 4518 Taylorsville Rd., Dayton, OH 45424.17The sole source of supply of the Air Flow Controller Model 840-L-1 knownto the committee at this time is
36、 Sierra Instruments, Inc., 5 Harris Court, Bldg. L,Monterey, CA 93940.18The sole source of supply of the GA-34 and GA-50 gears known to thecommittee at this time is Boston Gear Works, 14 Hayward St., Quincy, MA 02171.19The sole source of supply of the R-14 10 ball bearing, No. 2-153 (seal plateO-rin
37、g), No. 2-264 (cover plate O-ring), 6383 seals, 400164 seals, and 99062speedi-sleeves known to the committee at this time is Motion Industries, 4620Hinckley Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44109.20The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Oakite Products, Inc., 13177 Hu
38、ron River Dr., Romulus, MI 48174.21The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Pentone Corp., 74 Hudson Ave., Tenafly, NJ 07670.22National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly National Bureau ofStandards), Gaithersburg, MD 20899.D5704 15a3immersing the
39、 tip of the probe into an auxiliary temperature-controlled oil bath equipped with a stirrer. Accurately set thebath temperature at 325 F (162.8 C) and confirm the testmeasuring equipment to be accurate prior to testing.8.3 Gear CaseUsing the organic cleaning agent (see 7.3),clean the gear case, vent
40、 tube, vent tube baffle, retainerbushings, seal sleeves, case cover plate, seal plate, nuts, studs,flat washers, baffle plate, spacer bushings, bearing bushingsand clamp, keys, shaft ends, shaft nuts, and catalysts. Nylonbristle brushes, steel brushes, and long pipe cleaners can beused to aid cleani
41、ng. Do not use any copper or copper-containing brushes or material as a cleaning medium. Follow-ing the cleaning procedure with an organic cleaning agent,wash parts thoroughly with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), andfinally with a volatile hydrocarbon solvent (see 7.6 or 7.7), tofacilitate air drying. A
42、llow parts to air dry.8.4 Test GearsThoroughly clean the test gears with clean-ing solvent (see 7.5). Carefully examine the gear teeth for nicksand burrs. Do not use gears with major imperfections. Redressminor gear teeth imperfections with a fine stone or file. Afterfinal examination, wash gears on
43、ce more with cleaning solventand finally with a volatile hydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate airdrying. Allow gears to air dry.8.4.1 Prepare each gear with new Screen-Kut silicon carbideC-180 paper.23,11Place a new piece of silicon carbide paper ona solid surface that has a thickness greater than or
44、equal to12 in. (12.7 mm). Saturate the entire silicon carbide paper withcleaning solvent (see 7.5). Use one new piece of silicon carbidepaper per gear side, using both sides of the silicon carbidepaper as necessary. Sand both sides of the test gears, with therequired gear holder apparatus (6.1.16) o
45、n the silicon carbidepaper, using a figure eight motion. Do not apply a downwardforce to the gear holder while sanding. Sand the gears until themanufacturers machining marks are removed. After finalexamination, wash gears once more with cleaning solvent (see7.5) and finally with a volatile hydrocarb
46、on solvent (see 7.6 or7.7), to facilitate air drying. Allow gears to air dry. If the gearsare not to be used immediately, wrap them in a paper towel andNox-Rust paper.24,118.4.1.1 Discard the test gears if not used within 24 h afterpolishing is completed.8.5 Test BearingPrior to installation, wash t
47、he test bearingfirst with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), and finally with a volatilehydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate drying. Allow the bearing toair dry.8.6 Copper Catalyst:8.6.1 Notch one strip for purpose of identification. Thenotch shall be triangular in shape centered on the long side ofthe strip
48、. Sides of the triangular notch shall be equal andapproximately 0.2 in. (approximately 5 mm) in length.8.6.2 Polish both catalyst strips on all six sides withScreen-Kut silicon carbide C-180 paper.23,11Use either a newpiece of Screen-Kut or one retained from the gear polishingprocedure described in
49、8.4.1.8.6.3 Wipe both catalyst strips with absorbent cotton padsmoistened with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), and wash with avolatile hydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate drying. Allow cata-lyst strips to air dry.8.6.4 Record the mass of the catalyst with the notched stripto the nearest 0.0001 g prior to installation. Handle cleanedcatalyst strips with one of the following: new nitrile gloves,new latex gloves, tweezers, or ashless filter paper to avoidcontamination of the catalyst surface from skin contact.8.7 Gear Case AssemblyAssemble the gear ca
