1、Designation: D 5706 05An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Extreme Pressure Properties of LubricatingGreases Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV)Test Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5706; the number immediately following the desig
2、nation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a proc
3、edure for determiningextreme pressure properties of lubricating greases under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test ma-chine. This test method can also be used for evaluating extremepressure properties of lubricating fluid.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4、 thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
5、 applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 295/A 295M Specification for High-CarbonAnti-FrictionBearing SteelD 217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and Lubricant
6、sD 6425 Test Method for Measuring Friction and WearProperties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils UsingSRV Test MachineE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Contentof SteelG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 Other Standards:3DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy ste
7、els andfree-cutting steels Part 17 : Ball and roller bearing steelsDIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifica-tions (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaceshaving stratified functional properties Part 2: Heightcharacterization using linear material ratio curve (replacesDIN 4776:199
8、0: Measurement of surface roughness; pa-rameters RK,RPK,RVK,Mr1,Mr2for the description of thematerial portion)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 break-in, nin tribology, an initial transition processoccurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accom-panied by transients in coefficient of
9、friction or wear rate, orboth, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribologicalsystems long-term behavior. G403.1.2 coeffcient of friction, or f, nin tribology, thedimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between twobodies to the normal force (N) pressing these bodies together.G403.1.3 Hert
10、zian contact area, nthe apparent area of contactbetween two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against eachother, as calculated from Hertzs equations of elastic deforma-tion. G403.1.4 Hertzian contact pressure, nthe magnitude of thepressure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, ascal
11、culated from Hertzs equations of elastic deformation.G403.1.5 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, betweenthem. D 41753.1.6 lubricating grease, na semi-fluid to solid product ofa dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant. D 2171Thi
12、s test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G0 on Lubricating Grease.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published January 2006. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in
13、2002 as D 570697(2002)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Beuth Verlog GmbH, B
14、urggrafenstrasse 6, D-10787 Berlin,Germany.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant bysurface tension and other phy
15、sical forces. Other ingredients arecommonly included to impart special properties.3.1.7 thickener, nin lubricating grease, a substance com-posed of finely divided solid particles dispersed in a liquidlubricant to form the grease structure. D 2173.1.7.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be fibers (such asv
16、arious metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certainnon-soap thickeners) which are insoluble or, at most, only veryslightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general require-ments are that the solid particles be extremely small, uniformlydispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stab
17、le, gel-likestructure with the liquid lubricant.3.1.8 Ra (C.L.A.), nin measuring surface finish, the arith-metic average of the absolute distances of all profile pointsfrom the mean line for a given distance.43.1.8.1 DiscussionC.L.A. means center line average, andit is a synonym for Ra.3.1.9 Rpk, nr
18、educed peak height according to DIN ENISO 13565-2:1998. Rpk is the mean height of the peak stickingout above the core profile section.3.1.10 Rvk, nreduced valley height according to DIN ENISO 13565-2:1998. Rvk is the mean depth of the valleyreaching into the material below the core profile section.3
19、.1.11 Ry, nin measuring surface finish, the verticaldistance between the top of the highest peak and the bottom ofthe deepest valley in one sampling length.53.1.12 Rz (DIN), nin measuring surface finish, the aver-age of all Ry values (peak to valley heights) in the assessmentlength.63.2 Definitions
20、of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 extreme pressure, adjin lubricationcharacterizedby metal surfaces in contact under high-stress rubbing condi-tions.3.2.2 seizure, nlocalized fusion of metal between therubbing surfaces of the test pieces.3.2.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method, seizure is indic
21、atedby a sharp rise in the coefficient of friction, over steady state,of greater than 0.2 for over 20 s. In severe cases, a stoppage inthe motor will occur.3.2.3 SRV, nSchwingung, Reibung, Verschleiss (Ger-man); oscillating, friction, wear (English translation).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test
22、 method is performed on an SRV test machineusing a steel test ball oscillating against a stationary steel testdisk with lubricant between them. Test load is increased in100-N increments until seizure occurs. The load, immediatelyprior to the load at which seizure occurs, is measured andreported.NOTE
23、 1Test frequency, stroke length, temperature, and ball and diskmaterial can be varied to simulate field conditions. The test ball yieldspoint-contact geometry. To obtain line or area contact, test pieces ofdiffering configurations can be substituted for the test balls.5. Significance and Use5.1 This
24、 laboratory test method can be used to quicklydetermine extreme pressure properties of lubricating greases atselected temperatures specified for use in applications where4Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785,Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985,
25、p. 21.5Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785,Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, p. 25.6Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785,Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, pp. 31, 29.FIG. 1 SRV Test M
26、achine, Model IIID5706052high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present withhigh Hertzian point contact. This test method has found wideapplication in qualifying lubricating greases used in constantvelocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles. Users of thistest method should determine
27、whether results correlate withfield performance or other applications.6. Apparatus6.1 SRV Test Machine,7illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Test Balls,752100 steel, 60 6 2 Rc hardness, 0.025 60.005-m Ra surface finish, 10-mm diameter.7.2 Lower Test Disk,7vacuum arc remelted
28、 (VAR) AISI52100 steel with an inclusion rating using Method D, Type A,as severity level number of 0.5 according to Test Methods E45and Specification A 295/A 295M or an inclusion sum valueK1# 10 according to DIN EN ISO 683-17 and spherodizedannealed to obtain globular carbide, 60 6 2 Rc hardness, th
29、esurfaces of the disk being lapped and free of lapping rawmaterials. The topography of the disk will be determined byfour values, 24-mm diameter by 7.85 mm thick:0.5 m Rz 0.650 m0.035 m C.L.A. (Ra) 0.050 m0.020 m Rpk 0.035 m0.050 m Rvk 0.075 mNOTE 2The DIN 17230-1980 was replaced by DIN EN ISO 683-1
30、7.7.3 n-Heptane, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.)7.4 Isopropanol, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.)7.5 Toluene, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable. Healthhazard)7.6 Cleaning Solventa mixture of equal volumes ofn-heptane, isopropanol, and toluene. (WarningFlammable.Health
31、 hazard.)8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Turn on the test machine and chart recorder and allow towarm up for 15 min prior to running tests.8.2 Select the friction data to be presented in the crest peakvalue position in accordance with the manufacturers direc-tions.NOTE 3In most cases, this is accompl
32、ished by positioning the slidingswitch on electronic card NO. 291.35.20E (front side of electronics behindthe front panel) and the sliding switch located on the back panel of thecontrol unit.8.3 Turn the amplitude knob to ZERO.8.4 Switch the stroke adjustment to AUTO position.8.5 Set the frequency t
33、o 50 Hz.8.6 Set the desired span and calibrate the chart recorder inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions. Select thedesired chart speed.9. Procedure9.1 Clean the test ball and disk by wiping the surfaces withlaboratory tissue soaked with the cleaning solvent. Repeatwiping until no dark res
34、idue appears on the tissue. Immerse thetest ball and disk in a beaker of the cleaning solvent underultrasonic vibration for 10 min. Dry the test ball and disk witha clean tissue to ensure no streaking occurs on the surface.9.2 Procedures A and B:9.2.1 Procedure APlace a small amount (approximately0.
35、1 to 0.2 g, the size of a pea) of lubricating grease to be testedon the cleaned test disk in an area such that overlapping withprevious wear scars will not occur.9.2.2 Procedure BPlace the grease caliper with 1 mm inheight on the cleaned disc. Fill the opening of the greasecaliper with grease. Remov
36、e any excess grease by means of aspatula. Remove the grease caliper by lifting it upwards. Fastenthe disc in the specimen holder.9.3 Place the cleaned test ball on the top and in the middleof the lubricating grease specimen so that the lubricating greasemakes a circular symmetric pad between the tes
37、t ball and disk.9.4 Ensure the machine is unloaded (indicated by a loadreading of 13 or 14 N) and carefully place disk containingthe lubricating grease specimen and test ball on the test areaplatform.9.5 Tighten both the ball and disk clamps until resistance totightening just begins. Then load unit
38、to 100 N and tighten theball and disk clamps to a torque of 2.5 Nm. Reduce the loadto 50 N for break-in.9.6 Turn on the heater control and set to the desiredtemperature.9.7 Set the load charge amplifier to the setting that corre-sponds to the 400-N load.7The sole source of supply of the apparatus kn
39、own to the committee at this timeis Optimal Instruments GmbH, Friedenstrasse 10, D-81671 Munich, Germany. Ifyou are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee
40、,1which you may attend.1. Oscillation drive rod 6. Electrical resistance heater2. Test ball holder 7. Resistance thermometer3. Load rod 8. Test disk holder4. Test ball 9. Piezoelectric measuring device5. Test disk 10. Receiving blockFIG. 2 Test Chamber ElementsD57060539.8 Change the load charge ampl
41、ifier at each load inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions when thecoefficient of friction at each test load is to be studied.9.9 When the temperature has stabilized, turn on the chartrecorder and depress the drive start toggle switch until thetimer begins to count and then adjust the strok
42、e amplitude knobto 1.00 mm for Procedure A and to 1.5 mm for Procedure B.9.10 When the digital timer reaches 30 s, increase the loadto 100 N using the slow ramp speed rate and maintain this loadfor 2 min for Procedure A and 15 min for Procedure B. The 2or 15min interval includes the loading ramp seq
43、uence. In-crease the load by 100 N every 2 min using the slow ramp untila load of 1200 N is reached, or the load limit of the testapparatus is attained, or failure occurs. Failure is indicated bya rise in coefficient of friction of greater than 0.2 over steadystate for over 20 s or a stoppage in the
44、 oscillating of the testmachine (see Test Method D 6425).NOTE 4Because a 30-s break-in at 50 N is used, the load increasetimes will occur on the half minute of even minutes.NOTE 5The SRV test machines available after 1992 have a maximumload of 1400 N and SRVIII test machines after 1995 of 2000 N. Op
45、timolInstruments supplies an upgrade kit to allow SRVI/II machines to operatewith 1600 N, if needed.9.11 When the 1200-N load run or maximum load of the testapparatus is completed or failure occurs, turn off the heatercontrol, release the load to minimum setting, (typically 13 or14 N), and remove th
46、e test ball, disk, and lubricating greasetest specimen.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Report all parameters used to evaluate material asfollows:10.1.1.1 Temperature, C,10.1.1.2 Stroke, mm,10.1.1.3 Frequency, Hz,10.1.1.4 Test ball,10.1.1.5 Test disk,10.1.1.6 Lubricating grease
47、 test specimen, and10.1.1.7 Type of procedureProcedure A or Procedure B.10.2 Report the highest test load (pass load) at which noseizure occurred.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Eighteen cooperators tested eight greases at two tem-peratures having average load carrying capacities in the SRVapparatus rang
48、ing from approximately 200 N to approximately700 N. The statistical analysis of data from this interlaboratorytest program can be obtained from ASTM Headquarters byrequesting Research Report RR: D0214108or read in Dick-eys publication.9The stroke was 1.0 mm for Procedure A.11.2 The following criteri
49、a should be used for judging theacceptability of results (95 % probability) for lubricatinggreases which have load carrying capacities of 1200 N or lessin the SRV apparatus using ProcedureAwith 1.0 mm of stroke.11.2.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successiveresults obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test materialwould, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method exceed the following values only in one case intwenty.For
