1、Designation: D5706 05 (Reapproved 2011)1Standard Test Method forDetermining Extreme Pressure Properties of LubricatingGreases Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV)Test Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5706; the number immediately following the designation indic
2、ates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUpdated 7.6 and Fig. 1, and added Note 3 editorial
3、ly in July 2011.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determiningextreme pressure properties of lubricating greases under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test ma-chine. This test method can also be used for evaluating extremepressure properties of lubricating flu
4、id.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish a
5、ppro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A295/A295M Specification for High-Carbon Anti-FrictionBearing SteelD217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD4175 Terminology R
6、elating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD6425 Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Prop-erties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils UsingSRV Test MachineE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteelG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 Other Stan
7、dards:3DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy steels andfree-cutting steels Part 17 : Ball and roller bearing steelsDIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifica-tions (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaceshaving stratified functional properties Part 2: Heightcharacterization
8、using linear material ratio curve (replacesDIN 4776:1990: Measurement of surface roughness; pa-rameters RK,RPK,RVK,Mr1,Mr2for the description of thematerial portion)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 break-in, nin tribology, an initial transition processoccurring in newly established wearing contac
9、ts, often accom-panied by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, orboth, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribologicalsystems long-term behavior. G403.1.2 coeffcient of friction, or f, nin tribology, thedimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between twobodies to the normal
10、 force (N) pressing these bodies together.G403.1.3 Hertzian contact area, nthe apparent area of contactbetween two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against eachother, as calculated from Hertzs equations of elastic deforma-tion. G403.1.4 Hertzian contact pressure, nthe magnitude of thepressure at a
11、ny specified location in a Hertzian contact area, ascalculated from Hertzs equations of elastic deformation.G403.1.5 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, betweenthem. D41753.1.6 lubricating grease, na semi-fluid to solid product ofa disp
12、ersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant. D2171This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G0.04 on Functional Tests - Tribology.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published August 201
13、1. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D570605. DOI:10.1520/D5706-05R11E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the sta
14、ndards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.(DIN), Burggrafenstrasse 6,10787 Berlin, Germany, http:/www.din.de.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.6.1 DiscussionT
15、he dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant bysurface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients arecommonly included to impart special properties.3.1.7 thickener, nin lubricating grease, a substance com-posed of finely divided solid particle
16、s dispersed in a liquidlubricant to form the grease structure. D2173.1.7.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be fibers (such asvarious metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certainnon-soap thickeners) which are insoluble or, at most, only veryslightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general r
17、equire-ments are that the solid particles be extremely small, uniformlydispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-likestructure with the liquid lubricant.3.1.8 Ra (C.L.A.), nin measuring surface finish, the arith-metic average of the absolute distances of all profile pointsfrom the m
18、ean line for a given distance.43.1.8.1 DiscussionC.L.A. means center line average, andit is a synonym for Ra.3.1.9 Rpk, nreduced peak height according to DIN ENISO 13565-2:1998. Rpk is the mean height of the peak stickingout above the core profile section.3.1.10 Rvk, nreduced valley height according
19、 to DIN ENISO 13565-2:1998. Rvk is the mean depth of the valleyreaching into the material below the core profile section.3.1.11 Ry, nin measuring surface finish, the verticaldistance between the top of the highest peak and the bottom ofthe deepest valley in one sampling length.53.1.12 Rz (DIN), nin
20、measuring surface finish, the aver-age of all Ry values (peak to valley heights) in the assessmentlength.63.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 extreme pressure, adjin lubricationcharacterizedby metal surfaces in contact under high-stress rubbing condi-tions.3.2.2 seizure, nlocali
21、zed fusion of metal between therubbing surfaces of the test pieces.3.2.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method, seizure is indicatedby a sharp rise in the coefficient of friction, over steady state,of greater than 0.2 for over 20 s. In severe cases, a stoppage inthe motor will occur.3.2.3 SRV, nSchwingung
22、, Reibung, Verschleiss (Ger-man); oscillating, friction, wear (English translation).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is performed on an SRV test machineusing a steel test ball oscillating against a stationary steel testdisk with lubricant between them. Test load is increased in100-N inc
23、rements until seizure occurs. The load, immediatelyprior to the load at which seizure occurs, is measured andreported.NOTE 1Test frequency, stroke length, temperature, and ball and diskmaterial can be varied to simulate field conditions. The test ball yieldspoint-contact geometry. To obtain line or
24、area contact, test pieces ofdiffering configurations can be substituted for the test balls.5. Significance and Use5.1 This laboratory test method can be used to quicklydetermine extreme pressure properties of lubricating greases atselected temperatures specified for use in applications wherehigh-spe
25、ed vibrational or start-stop motions are present withhigh Hertzian point contact. This test method has found wideapplication in qualifying lubricating greases used in constantvelocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles. Users of thistest method should determine whether results correlate withfie
26、ld performance or other applications.4Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785,Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, p. 21.5Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785,Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 198
27、5, p. 25.6Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785,Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, pp. 31, 29.FIG. 1 SRV Test Machine, Model III (left), Model 4 (right)D5706 05 (2011)126. Apparatus6.1 SRV Test Machine,7illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.7. Reage
28、nts and Materials7.1 Test Balls,752100 steel, Rockwell hardness number of60 6 2 on Rockwell C scale (HRC), 0.025 6 0.005-m Rasurface finish, 10-mm diameter.7.2 Lower Test Disk,7vacuum arc remelted (VAR) AISI52100 steel with an inclusion rating using Method D, Type A,as severity level number of 0.5 a
29、ccording to Test Methods E45and Specification A295/A295M or an inclusion sum valueK1# 10 according to DIN EN ISO 683-17 and spherodizedannealed to obtain globular carbide, Rockwell hardness num-ber of 60 6 2 on Rockwell C scale (HRC), the surfaces of thedisk being lapped and free of lapping raw mate
30、rials. Thetopography of the disk will be determined by four values,24-mm diameter by 7.85 mm thick:0.5 m Rz (DIN) 0.650 m0.035 m Ra (C.L.A.) 0.050 m0.020 m Rpk 0.035 m0.050 m Rvk 0.075 mNOTE 2The DIN 17230-1980 was replaced by DIN EN ISO 683-17.7.3 n-Heptane, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable.Health
31、hazard.)7.4 Isopropanol, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.)7.5 Toluene, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable. Healthhazard)7.6 Cleaning Solvent, the test disks have to be cleaned by aliquid solvent (non-chlorinated, non-film forming).NOTE 3It is recommended to use a mixture of equal volume
32、s ofn-heptane, isopropanol, and toluene, all as reagent grades. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Turn on the test machine and chart recorder and allow towarm up for 15 min prior to running tests.8.2 Select the friction data to be presented in the crest peakvalue posit
33、ion in accordance with the manufacturers direc-tions.NOTE 4In most cases, this is accomplished by positioning the slidingswitch on electronic card NO. 291.35.20E (front side of electronics behindthe front panel) and the sliding switch located on the back panel of thecontrol unit.8.3 Turn the amplitu
34、de knob to ZERO.8.4 Switch the stroke adjustment to AUTO position.8.5 Set the frequency to 50 Hz.8.6 Set the desired span and calibrate the chart recorder inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions. Select thedesired chart speed.9. Procedure9.1 Clean the test ball and disk by wiping the surfac
35、es withlaboratory tissue soaked with the cleaning solvent. Repeatwiping until no dark residue appears on the tissue. Immerse thetest ball and disk in a beaker of the cleaning solvent underultrasonic vibration for 10 min. Dry the test ball and disk witha clean tissue to ensure no streaking occurs on
36、the surface.9.2 Procedures A and B:9.2.1 Procedure APlace a small amount (approximately0.1 to 0.2 g, the size of a pea) of lubricating grease to be testedon the cleaned test disk in an area such that overlapping withprevious wear scars will not occur.9.2.2 Procedure BPlace the grease caliper with 1
37、mm inheight on the cleaned disc. Fill the opening of the greasecaliper with grease. Remove any excess grease by means of aspatula. Remove the grease caliper by lifting it upwards. Fastenthe disc in the specimen holder.9.3 Place the cleaned test ball on the top and in the middleof the lubricating gre
38、ase specimen so that the lubricating greasemakes a circular symmetric pad between the test ball and disk.9.4 Ensure the machine is unloaded (indicated by a loadreading of 13 or 14 N) and carefully place disk containingthe lubricating grease specimen and test ball on the test areaplatform.9.5 Tighten
39、 both the ball and disk clamps until resistance totightening just begins. Then load unit to 100 N and tighten theball and disk clamps to a torque of 2.5 Nm. Reduce the loadto 50 N for break-in.9.6 Turn on the heater control and set to the desiredtemperature.9.7 Set the load charge amplifier to the s
40、etting that corre-sponds to the 400-N load.7The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Optimol Instruments Prftechnik GmbH, Westendstrasse 125, D-80339, MunichGermany, http:/www.optimol-instruments.de. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide thi
41、s information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.1. Oscillation drive rod 6. Electrical resistance heater2. Test ball holder 7. Resistance thermometer3. Load rod 8. Test disk hol
42、der4. Test ball 9. Piezoelectric measuring device5. Test disk 10. Receiving blockFIG. 2 Test Chamber ElementsD5706 05 (2011)139.8 Change the load charge amplifier at each load inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions when thecoefficient of friction at each test load is to be studied.9.9 When
43、 the temperature has stabilized, turn on the chartrecorder and depress the drive start toggle switch until thetimer begins to count and then adjust the stroke amplitude knobto 1.00 mm for Procedure A and to 1.5 mm for Procedure B.9.10 When the digital timer reaches 30 s, increase the loadto 100 N us
44、ing the slow ramp speed rate and maintain this loadfor 2 min for Procedure A and 15 min for Procedure B. The 2or 15min interval includes the loading ramp sequence. In-crease the load by 100 N every 2 min using the slow ramp untila load of 1200 N is reached, or the load limit of the testapparatus is
45、attained, or failure occurs. Failure is indicated bya rise in coefficient of friction of greater than 0.2 over steadystate for over 20 s or a stoppage in the oscillating of the testmachine (see Test Method D6425).NOTE 5Because a 30-s break-in at 50 N is used, the load increasetimes will occur on the
46、 half minute of even minutes.NOTE 6The SRV test machines available after 1992 have a maximumload of 1400 N and SRVIII test machines after 1995 of 2000 N. OptimolInstruments supplies an upgrade kit to allow SRVI/II machines to operatewith 1600 N, if needed.9.11 When the 1200-N load run or maximum loa
47、d of the testapparatus is completed or failure occurs, turn off the heatercontrol, release the load to minimum setting, (typically 13 or14 N), and remove the test ball, disk, and lubricating greasetest specimen.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Report all parameters used to eval
48、uate material asfollows:10.1.1.1 Temperature, C,10.1.1.2 Stroke, mm,10.1.1.3 Frequency, Hz,10.1.1.4 Test ball,10.1.1.5 Test disk,10.1.1.6 Lubricating grease test specimen, and10.1.1.7 Type of procedureProcedure A or Procedure B.10.2 Report the highest test load (pass load) at which noseizure occurre
49、d.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Eighteen cooperators tested eight greases at two tem-peratures having average load carrying capacities in the SRVapparatus ranging from approximately 200 N to approximately700 N. The statistical analysis of data from this interlaboratorytest program can be obtained from ASTM Headquarters byrequesting Research Report RR:D02-14108or read in Dick-eys publication.9The stroke was 1.0 mm for Procedure A.11.2 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of results (
