1、Designation: D5706 11D5706 16Standard Test Method forDetermining Extreme Pressure Properties of LubricatingGreases Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV)Test Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5706; the number immediately following the designation indicates the ye
2、ar oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining e
3、xtreme pressure properties of lubricating greases under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine. This test method can also be used for evaluating extreme pressureproperties of lubricating fluid.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other uni
4、ts of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regu
5、latorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A295/A295M Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing SteelD217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating GreaseD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD6425 Test Method fo
6、r Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils Using SRV TestMachineD7421 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation(SRV) Test MachineE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content o
7、f SteelG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 Other Standards:3DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels Part steelsPart 17 : Ball and roller bearing steelsDIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface (GPS)Surface texture: Profil
8、e method;Surfaces having stratified functional properties Part propertiesPart 2: Height characterization using linear material ratiocurve (replacesReplaces DIN 4776:1990: Measurement of surface roughness; parameters RK, RPK, RVK, Mr1, Mr2 for thedescription of the material portion)portion3. Terminol
9、ogy3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 break-in, nin tribology, an initial transition process occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accompaniedby transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribological systems long-termbehavior. G403.1.2 c
10、oeffcient of friction, or f, nin tribology, the dimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between two bodies to thenormal force (N) pressing these bodies together. G401 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the
11、direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G0.04 on Functional Tests - Tribology.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011Nov. 15, 2016. Published March 2012February 2017. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2011 asD570605(2011)D5706 11. 1. DOI: 10.1520/D5706-11.10.1520/D5706-16
12、.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.(DIN), B
13、urggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http:/www.din.de.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all chan
14、ges accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Bar
15、r Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.3 Hertzian contact area, nthe apparent area of contact between two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against eachother, as calculated from Hertzs equations of elastic deformation. G403.1.4 Hertzian contact pressure, nm
16、agnitude of the pressure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, as calculatedfrom Hertzs equations of elastic deformation.The Hertzian contact pressure can also be calculated and reported as maximum valuePmax in the centre of the contact or as Paverage as average over the total contac
17、t area. D74213.1.5 lubricant, nany material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, between them.D41753.1.6 lubricating grease, na semi-fluid to solid product of a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant. D2173.1.6.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thicken
18、er forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface tension and otherphysical forces. Other ingredients are commonly included to impart special properties.3.1.7 thickener, nin lubricating grease, a substance composed of finely divided solid particles dispersed in a liquid lub
19、ricantto form the grease structure. D2173.1.7.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be fibers (such as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain non-soap thickeners) which areinsoluble or, at most, only very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general requirements are that the
20、solid particles beextremely small, uniformly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant.3.1.8 Ra (C.L.A.), nin measuring surface finish, the arithmetic average of the absolute distances of all profile points from themean line for a given dista
21、nce.43.1.8.1 DiscussionC.L.A. means center line average, and it is a synonym for Ra.3.1.9 Rpk, nreduced peak height according to DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998. Rpk is the mean height of the peak sticking outabove the core profile section.3.1.10 Rvk, nreduced valley height according to DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1
22、998. Rvk is the mean depth of the valley reachinginto the material below the core profile section.3.1.11 Rz (DIN), nin measuring surface finish, the average of all Ry values (peak to valley heights) in the assessment length.53.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 extreme pressure,
23、adjin lubricationcharacterized by metal surfaces in contact under high-stress rubbing conditions.3.2.2 seizure, nlocalized fusion of metal between the rubbing surfaces of the test pieces.3.2.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method, seizure is indicated by a sharp rise in the coefficient of friction, over
24、steady state, of greater than 0.2 for over20 s. In severe cases, a stoppage in the motor will occur.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 SRV, nSchwingung, Reibung, Verschleiss (German); oscillating, friction, wear (English translation).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is performed on an SRV test mac
25、hine using a steel test ball oscillating against a stationary steel test diskwith lubricant between them. Test load is increased in 100-N100 N increments until seizure occurs. The load, immediately priorto the load at which seizure occurs, is measured and reported.NOTE 1Test frequency, stroke length
26、, temperature, and ball and disk material can be varied to simulate field conditions. The test ball yieldspoint-contact geometry. To obtain line or area contact, test pieces of differing configurations can be substituted for the test balls.4 Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin M
27、I-TP-003-0785, Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, p. 21.5 Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785, Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, pp. 29, 31.D5706 1625. Significance and Use5.1 This laboratory test method can be used to
28、quickly determine extreme pressure properties of lubricating greases at selectedtemperatures specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present with high Hertzianpoint contact. This test method has found wide application in qualifying lubricating greases
29、 used in constant velocity joints offront-wheel-drive automobiles. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or otherapplications.6. Apparatus6.1 SRV Test Machine, Machines,6 illustrated in Fig. 1Figs. 1-4 and Fig. 2.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Test
30、 Balls, Ball,6 52100 52100 steel, Rockwell hardness number of 60 6 2 on Rockwell C scale (HRC), 0.025 60.005-m60 HRC 6 2 HRC, 0.025 m 6 0.005 m Ra surface finish, 10-mm10 mm diameter.7.2 Lower Test Disk,6 vacuum vacuum arc remelted (VAR) AISI 52100 steel with an inclusion rating using Method D, Type
31、 A,as severity level number of 0.5 according to Test Methods E45 and Specification A295/A295M or an inclusion sum value K1 10K1 10 according to DIN EN ISO 683-17 and spherodized annealed to obtain globular carbide, Rockwell hardness number of 606 2 on Rockwell C scale (HRC), 60 HRC 6 2 HRC, the surf
32、aces of the disk being lapped and free of lapping raw materials. Thetopography of the disk will be determined by four values, 24-mm24 mm diameter by 7.85 mm thick:0.5 m 20 sCoefficient of friction, f (cut-off value for one-off increase of level): 0.358.14.3 Test parameters:Frequency: 50 HzStroke: 1.
33、00 mm for procedure A with 2 min run-in; 1.50 mm for procedure B with 15 min run-inTemperature: for example, 50 C or 80 CPre-load: 50 N for 30 sTest load: running-in under 100 N for 15 min, then steps of 100 N with aduration of 2 min until the maximum test load (usually 2000 N) hasbeen reached.Total
34、 test duration: up to 53.5 minNOTE 7Because a 30 s break-in at 50 N is used, the load increase times will occur on the half minute of even minutes.NOTE 8For optimal comparability with older SRV models I and II, the test load should be set as a ramp function with a gradient of 7.5 N s.8.14.4 Sample r
35、ates for result-relevant measurement channels:Coefficient of friction, f: #32 msStroke: #2 sTest load: #2 sFrequency: #2 sTemperature: #2 sAfter that, apply a load increment of 100 N every 2 min.NOTE 9For SRV V models, it is recommended to do one sampling per period (that is, 20 ms) for coefficient
36、of friction and stroke.9. Procedure9.1 Clean Using solvent-resistant gloves, clean the test ball and disk by wiping the surfaces with laboratory tissue soaked withthe cleaning solvent. Repeat wiping until no dark residue appears on the tissue. Immerse the test ball and disk in a beaker of thecleanin
37、g solvent under ultrasonic vibration for 10 min. Dry the test ball and disk with a clean tissue to ensure no streaking occurson the surface.9.2 Ensure that the test load unit is in the release position (refer to the operating manual for details).9.3 ProceduresProcedure A and B:9.3.1 Procedure APlace
38、 a small amount (approximately 0.10.1 g to 0.2 g, 0.2 g, the size of a pea) of lubricating grease to betested on the cleaned test disk in an area such that overlapping with previous wear scars will not occur.9.3.2 Procedure BB (since 2005)Place the grease caliper with 1 mm in height on the cleaned d
39、isc. Fill the opening of thegrease caliper with grease. Remove any excess grease by means of a spatula. Remove the grease caliper by lifting it upwards.Fasten the disc in the specimen holder.9.4 Place the cleaned ball, using the tweezers, in the disassembled, cleaned, and dried ball holder. Tighten
40、the fastening screwuntil resistance just begins. Place the cleaned test ball on the top and in the middle of the lubricating grease specimen so that thelubricating grease makes a circular symmetric pad between the test ball and disk.9.5 Ensure the machine is unloaded (indicated by a load reading of
41、13 or 14 N) of 13 N or 14 N) and carefully place diskcontaining the lubricating grease specimen and test ball on the test area platform.9.6 Tighten both the ball and disk clamps until resistance to tightening just begins. Then load unit to 100 N and tighten the balland disk clamps to a torque of 2.5
42、 Nm. 2.5 Nm. Reduce the load to 50 N 50 N for break-in.TABLE 1 Pass Load according to Procedure B in Test Method D5706 of Different Greases using x = 1.5 mm stroke at 80C80 CNOTE 1The repeatability and the reproducibility were calculated using ADJD6300 (D2PP software).NOTE 2With a mean of 1.100 N, i
43、t is not clear that seizures occurred using machines with a highest load of 1200 N.Year RR2003 RR2002 RR2001 RR2003 RR2002 RR2001Test greases, TestMethod D5706Li/Ca-12-OH-StearatLi/Ca-12-OH-StearatLi/Ca-12-OH-StearatPAOPolybuten-bentonitPAOPolybuten- bentonitPAOPolybuten/- BentonitModifications x =
44、1.5 mm,grease apply caliper,O.K.- loadx = 1.5 mm,grease apply caliperx = 1.5 mm x = 1.5 mm,grease apply caliper,O.K.- loadx = 1.5 mm,grease apply caliperx = 1.5 mmStatistical Quantities Highest test load N Highest test load N Highest test load N Highest test load N Highest test load N Highest test l
45、oad NNumber of Results 33 50 56 38 53 54Degree of freedom 22 28 30 33 27 39Mean 1088 1180 1028 434 486 505Standard deviation 247 235 217 71.1 129 106Reproducibility, R 726 680 627 205 374 303Repeatability, r 265 267 219 173 201 197D5706 1669.7 Turn on the heater control and set to the desired temper
46、ature.9.8 Set the load charge amplifier to the setting that corresponds to the 400-N400 N load.9.9 Change the load charge amplifier at each load in accordance with the manufacturers instructions when the coefficient offriction at each test load is to be studied.9.10 When the temperature has stabiliz
47、ed, turn on the chart recorder and depress the drive start toggle switch until the timerbegins to count and then adjust the stroke amplitude knob to 1.00 mm for Procedure A and to 1.5 mm for Procedure B.9.11 When the digital timer reaches 30 s, increase the load to 100 N using the slow ramp speed ra
48、te and maintain this load for2 min for Procedure A and 15 min for Procedure B. The 2 min or 15 min interval includes the loading ramp sequence. Increasethe load by 100 N every 2 min using the slow ramp until a load of 1200 N (or 1400 N) is reached, or the load limit of the testapparatus is attained,
49、 or failure occurs.9.12 When the digital timer reaches 30 s, increase the load to 100 N using the slow ramp speed rate and maintain this load for2 min for Procedure A and 15 min for Procedure B. The 2 or 15min interval includes the loading ramp sequence. Increase theload by 100 N every 2 min using the slow ramp until a load of 1200 N is reached, or the load limit of the test apparatus is attained,or The test is ended when the last test load step has been passed or when failure occurs.
