1、Designation: D5715 14Standard Practice forEstimating the Degree of Humification of Peat and OtherOrganic Soils (Visual/Manual Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5715; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the visual determination of thedegree of humification of peat and other hi
3、ghly organic soils.This practice is not used for the determination of the degree oforganic decomposition of organic matter in mineral soils.1.2 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be
4、used in conjunctionwith professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice maybe applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this document be applie
5、d without consideration ofa projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle of this document means only that the document has beenapproved though the ASTM consensus process.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is t
6、heresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD2944 Practice of Samplin
7、g Processed Peat MaterialsD2974 Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matterof Peat and Other Organic SoilsD4427 Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in thispractice, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Defi
8、nitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 degree of humificationas defined by this practice,degree of humification refers to any one of ten categories(indicated by the letter “H”), with H1 being the least decom-posed and H10 being the most decomposed. This terminologyactually refers to the pr
9、esent visual composition of the peat andhighly organic soils.3.2.2 organic soilssoil with a high content of carbon-based compounds. In general, organic soils are very compress-ible and have poor load sustaining properties.3.2.3 peata naturally-occurring highly organic substancederived primarily from
10、 plant materials. Peat is distinguishedfrom other organic soil materials by its lower ash content (lessthan 25 % ash by dry mass-see Practice D2974) and from otherphytogenic material of higher rank (that is, lignite coal) by itslower calorific value on a water saturated basis.4. Significance and Use
11、4.1 The purpose of this practice is to standardize the routinedescription of peat and other organic soils for various uses(such as, peatland inventories and resource evaluations). Thispractice should be used to supplement other field information,such as, site location, surface morphology, surface ve
12、getation,water table, moisture content, fiber content, wood content, andvisually identifiable plant types and parts.NOTE 1This standard is a visual/manual method and is not meant toreplace the more precise method of laboratory classification of peat (seeClassification D4427). It should also be noted
13、, this practice is independentof the determination of whether a particluar deposit contains peat that isdefined in Classification D4427 on the basis of laboratory determination ofash content (see Test Method D2974).5. Sample5.1 The sample used for this practice can be collected usingpiston coring de
14、vices or simply as a grab sample (that is, byhand) or a block sample by any of a number of means as longas it still retains its original in-situ composition (that is,moisture as well as solid components).NOTE 2In practice, the sample is collected using a field reconnais-sance peat sampler; but it ma
15、y be collected by a more sophisticated pistonsampler.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Mediumfor Plant Growth.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally
16、approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5715 00(2006).DOI: 10.1520/D57150-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docu
17、ment Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Samples should be shipped and stored in containers andmaintained in an environme
18、nt which prevents the samples fromaltering from the original in-situ composition.6. Procedure6.1 A representative sample (a sphere approximately 2.5 cmin diameter (1 in.) is picked up with the hand and squeezedfirmly. The color of the water expelled between the fingersupon squeezing the sample or th
19、e amount of amorphous matterexpelled is used (along with the intactness of the original plantcomponents), or both, to place the peat into one of thecategories described below.7. Basis for Classification7.1 Peats whose degree of humification ranges from H1 toH3 have been described as fibrous peat for
20、 geotechnicalapplications (fibric for other purposes). Materials that lie in therange H4 to H10 have been described as amorphous peat orhighly organic soil for geotechnical applications (H4 to H6hemic and H7 to H10 sapric for other purposes). For moreprecise classification of peat samples, follow th
21、e proceduresdescribed in Classification D 4427.7.2 Peat Classification:7.2.1 H1Completely undecomposed peat that, whensqueezed, releases clear colorless water. Plant remains areintact and easily identifiable. No amorphous material is pres-ent.7.2.2 H2Almost completely undecomposed peat that,when squ
22、eezed, releases yellowish water. Plant remains arestill relatively intact. No amorphous material is present.7.2.3 H3Very slightly decomposed peat that, whensqueezed, releases turbid brown water, but in which noamorphous peat passes between the fingers.7.2.4 H4Slightly decomposed peat that, when sque
23、ezed,releases dark brown water. No peat passes between the fingersbut the plant remains are somewhat visibly altered and lessdistinct. The residue left in hand appears slightly pasty.7.2.5 H5Moderately decomposed peat that, whensqueezed, releases very turbid water containing a small amountof amorpho
24、us granular peat through the fingers. The residueremaining in hand is strongly pasty in consistency and thetissues of the original source plants are difficult to recognize.7.2.6 H6Moderately decomposed peat that, whensqueezed, releases through the fingers about one-third of thepeat. The residue rema
25、ining after squeezing is strongly pasty.Very little plant structure is visible before squeezing; but, somesmall amount of intact debris becomes more visible aftersqueezing.7.2.7 H7Strongly decomposed peat that, when squeezed,releases through the fingers about one-half of the peat. Thewater released,
26、 if any, is dark and. The residue remaining aftersqueezing is primarily composed of amorphous material withlittle recognizable plant tissue.7.2.8 H8Very strongly decomposed peat that, whensqueezed, releases through the fingers about two-thirds of thepeat. The residue remaining after squeezing is pri
27、marilycomposed of amorphous material with very little intact planttissue.7.2.9 H9Almost completely decomposed peat that, whensqueezed, almost entirely releases through the fingers as afairly uniform dark paste. Almost no recognizable plant struc-tures are evident in the residue.7.2.10 H10Completely
28、decomposed peat containing nodiscernible plant tissues. When squeezed, all of the peatreleases through the fingers as a uniform dark paste.8. Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)8.1 Record as a minimum, notes the following test specificdata:8.1.1 The classification determined in Section 7.8.1.2 The co
29、lor of the water expelled between the fingersupon squeezing the sample.8.1.3 The amount and consistency of amorphous matterexpelled between the fingers.8.1.4 The intactness of the original plant components (howeasily the components are discernable).8.1.5 The degree of decomposition of the peat (no d
30、ecom-position to completely decomposed).8.1.6 Sample identification to include site identification,sampling location, technician, and time and date of sampling8.1.7 Record other field information, such as, site location,surface morphology, surface vegetation, water table, moisturecontent, fiber cont
31、ent, wood content, and visually identifiableplant types and parts9. Keywords9.1 classification; decomposition; humification; organic ma-terials; peat; von PostD5715 142SUMMARY OF CHANGESIn accordance with Committee D18 policy, this section identifies the location of changes to this test methodsince
32、the last edition (00 (Reapproved 2006) that may impact the use of the test method.(1) Added Section 5, Sampling.(2) Added Section 8, Report.(3) Changed title changed Practice.(4) Deleted Precision and Bias section.(5) Replaced “test method” with “practice” in various places.(6) Added Judgment caveat
33、.(7) Removed Table 1.(8) Added Apparatus section.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights
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37、 obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 143
