1、Designation: D 5759 95 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Guide forCharacterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean CoalCombustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5759; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide recommends standards for the characteriza-tion of fly ash from the combust
3、ion of coal, fly ash from coalcombusted in the presence of alkaline materials, and fly ashfrom combusted coal in which the flue gases have been treatedwith alkaline materials in the presence of the fly ash.1.2 This guide provides recommended and optional testmethods for fly ash evaluation. Acceptanc
4、e criteria can benegotiated between the producer and the user according to thepotential end use.1.3 The coal fly ash and clean coal combustion fly ash ofthis guide do not include the following:1.3.1 Dusts from kilns producing products such as lime,portland cement, activated clays, etc.;1.3.2 By-prod
5、ucts of flue gas desulflurization that are notcollected with the primary fly ash removal equipment such asthe baghouse or electrostatic precipitator; and1.3.3 Fly ash or other combustion products derived from theburning of waste; municipal, industrial, or commercial gar-bage; sewage sludge or other
6、refuse, or both; derived fuels;wood; wood waste products; rice hulls; agriculture waste; orother non-coal fuels or other such fuels blended with coal, orsome combination thereof.1.4 Fly ash may contain some trace elements that may affectperformance or potential end use.1.5 The values stated in inch-
7、pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and h
8、ealth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C22 Specification for GypsumC25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,Quicklime, and Hydrated LimeC 51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (AsUsed by th
9、e Industry)C 109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of HydraulicCement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,Hydrated Lime, and LimestoneC114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 191
10、 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Ce-ment by Vicat NeedleC311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash orNatural Pozzolans for Use as a Mineral Admixture inPortland-Cement ConcreteC 400 Test Method for Testing Quicklime and HydratedLime for Neutralization of Waste AcidC 593 Specific
11、ation for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans forUse with LimeC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 602 Specification for Agricultural Liming MaterialsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture inPortland Cement ConcreteD 546 Test Met
12、hod for Sieve Analysis of Mineral Filler forRoad and Paving MaterialsD 1973 Guide for Design of a Linear System for Contain-ment of WastesD 2795 Method for Analysis of Coal and Coke AshD 3178 Test Method for Carbon and Hydrogen in the1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Was
13、teManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.03 onIndustrial Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D 5759-95.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
14、 www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A
15、nalysis Sample of Coal and CokeD 3682 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coaland Coke Ash by the Atomic Absorption MethodD 3683 Test Method for Trace Elements in Coal and CokeAsh by the Atomic Absorption MethodD 4326 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coaland Coke by X-Ray Fluoresc
16、enceD 5239 Practice for Characterizing Fly Ash for Use in SoilStabilizationE 1266 Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash,and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and OtherConstruction Applications2.2 Other Document:USEPA Method 9100-SW846 Falling Head or ConstandHead33. Terminology3.1 D
17、efinitions:3.1.1 clean coal combustionthe burning of coal, coalculm, or coal fines in a furnace designed to operate to minimizeemissions (that is, a fluidized bed or aerated fluidized bed, etc.)or coal burned in the presence of alkaline materials, whichcombine to reduce these emissions.3.1.2 fly ash
18、, nresidual material that exits a combustionchamber in the flue gas.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide provides guidance for the characterization ofcoal fly ash or clean coal combustion fly ash for potential usesin which absorption, cementitious activity, pozzolanic activity,pH adjustment, heat r
19、ise, or stabilization and solidificationproperties may be desired.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Fly ash from coal and clean coal combustion can becharacterized by the recommended chemical tests of Table 1and may be characterized further by the optional chemical testsof Table 2. Limits may be specified
20、by the purchaser if requiredfor a specific application. The most recent limits established bythe appropriate regulatory agency shall govern if no specificparameters are required. See Appendix X1 for possible non-mandatory information for various end uses of fly ash.6. Physical Tests6.1 Fly ash from
21、coal and clean coal combustion can betested further in accordance with the optional physical tests ofTable 3, if required by the purchaser.7. Shipments for Delivery to Purchaser7.1 Fly ash shipped for delivery to the purchaser should befrom a single combustion unit or a blend from multiplecombustion
22、 units, as agreed upon between the purchaser andthe supplier, such that the delivered fly ash complies with theprovisions of Sections 8 and 9 herein.8. Sampling and Testing8.1 Take individual, representative samples of at least 0.5 lb(227 g) from each 100 tons (100 Mg) of fly ash delivered to thepur
23、chaser.8.2 Samples are composites of 0.5-lb (227-g) individualsamples of fly ash taken from each 100 tons (100 Mg) shipped.The minimum composite sample size should not be less than 83Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094,
24、 Attn: NPODS.TABLE 1 Recommended Chemical TestsTest Method Component(s) LimitAC114 sulfur trioxide (SO3),%BC311 moisture content, %C311 loss on ignition, %D 2795, D 3682,orD 4326calcium oxide (CaO),%D 2795, D 3682,orD 4326magnesium oxide (MgO), %D 2795, D 3682, or silicon dioxide (SiO2) plus aluminu
25、m oxideD 4326 (Al2O3) plus iron oxide (Fe2O3), %AOn specific projects, a minimum or maximum may be applicable.BFly ash replaces hydraulic cement in method.TABLE 2 Optional Chemical TestsA(Limits to be Specified Onlyif Applicable, by the Purchaser)Test Method Component(s) LimitBC25 available lime ind
26、ex (ALI), %CC311 available alkalies as Na2O, %C 400 pHDC 602 calcium carbonate equivalent (CaCO3), %D 3178 carbon (C),%D 3683 trace elements (totals) (for example, sulfide,sulfite, and sulfate)AIndividual requirements may be specified by the purchaser if applicable to theproject for which fly ash is
27、 to be used.BOn specific projects, a minimum or maximum may be applicable.CFly ash replaces limestone in analysis.DFly ash replaces quicklime in method.TABLE 3 Optional Physical TestsA(To be Specified Only asRequired by the Purchaser)Test Method Component(s)C 109 compressive strength of hydraulic ce
28、ment mortars, psiBC110 heat rise (slaking rate), CCC 191 time of set, minBC311 amount retained on No. 325 sieve, %C311 strength activity index with portland cement7 days, % of control28 days, % of controlC311 water requirement, % of controlDC311 specific gravityC311 increase in drying shrinkage, %C3
29、11 reactivity with cement alkalies, mortar expansion, % of controlC311 soundnessC 593 amount retained on No. 200 sieve,%C 593 amount retained on No. 30 sieve, %C 593 lime pozzolan strength 7 days, psilime pozzolan strength 28 days, psiUSEPA Method 9100-SW846AIndividual requirements may be specified
30、by the purchaser if applicable to theproject for which fly ash is to be used.BModification of Test Method C 109 to approximate proportion(s) of fly ashinstead of cement; or fly ash in combination with other materials to be used on theproject (that is, cement, lime, etc.) should be used.CModify Test
31、Methods C110to a proportion of fly ash instead of lime. The flyash to water ratio may need to be modified further to obtain measurable results.DComparisons of water requirements to a control material, used at an equalflow, may be useful to determine the relative water requirement.D 5759 95 (2005)2lb
32、 (3.6 kg). Composites are to consist of nearly equal amountsfrom individual samples and be mixed thoroughly.8.2.1 If insufficient fly ash has been shipped to comply withthe composite sample requirements as listed in this section, anindividual sample, or samples, may be used if agreed uponbetween the
33、 purchaser and the supplier. These samples shouldbe at least 1 lb (454 g) and may represent less than 100 tons(100 Mg) shipped.8.3 The recommended tests of Table 1 are performed on asample of at least 1 lb (454 g) composited of individualshipment samples, at a frequency no less than semiannualwhen a
34、t least 100 tons (100 Mg) of fly ash have been shippedto a purchaser.8.4 For limits as required by the purchaser from Table 2 andTable 3, optional tests may be performed on the followingfrequency unless otherwise agreed upon between the supplierand the purchaser prior to shipment:8.4.1 Every 2000 to
35、ns (2000 Mg) shipped,8.4.2 A calendar month during which at least 100 tons (100Mg) of fly ash have been shipped to a purchaser.9. Test Method9.1 Testing is conducted in accordance with the appropriatesections of the ASTM standards, or noted modifications,indicated in Table 1, the optional Table 2 an
36、d Table 3, and thenonmandatory information ofAppendix X1, as specified by thepurchaser. Individual tests may be selected from Table 2 andTable 3 and Appendix X1 according to the need of the user.10. Inspection and Rejection10.1 Upon agreement with the supplier, the purchasershould establish the crit
37、eria for inspection and testing. Thecriteria for rejection should be based on the ability of thematerial to comply with the appropriate specifications asreferenced by the purchaser.11. Compliance and Certification11.1 Fly ash sampling and testing pursuant to Section 8 maybe performed as the fly ash
38、is produced or shipped, or both.Certification of compliance should be provided by the supplierwith shipments of fly ash shipped from the production site, atthe purchasers request. If requested by the purchaser, testresults on samples of the fly ash shipped should be sent to thepurchaser as soon as t
39、hey are available.12. Retention of Test Samples12.1 Samples shall be retained in airtight containers.Sample retention times are permissible if agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the supplier prior to shipment.12.2 It is suggested that test data records should be main-tained for a period of three y
40、ears.13. Keywords13.1 characterization of clean coal combustion fly ash;characterization of clean coal fly ash; characterization of coalfly ash; fly ash for potential useD 5759 95 (2005)3APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. POTENTIAL END USEASTM International takes no position respecting the validi
41、ty of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subjec
42、t to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarte
43、rs. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard
44、is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service
45、astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE X1.1 Potential End UseASuggested ReferencedDocumentsBWasteTreatmentHazardWaste TreatmentSoilAmendmentSoilStabilalizationMineralFillerPozzolanicLinersSlurryWallCementProductConcreteProductGypsumProductUSEPA Method 9100-SW846 XXSpecifi
46、cation C22 XXXXTest Methods C25 XXTest Method C 109 XX XTest Methods C110 XX XTest Methods C114 XX XSpecification C 150 XTest Method C 191 XXTest Methods C311 XX XTest Method C 400 XX XSpecification C 593 XSpecification C 595 XSpecification C 602 XSpecification C 618 XTest Method D 546 XGuide D 1973
47、 XMethod D 2795 XX XTest Method D 3178 XTest Method D 3683 XX XPractice D 5239 XPractice E 1266 XX XAThe use of this table is meant to assist the purchaser in selecting applicable best procedures for a specified end use. It is suggestive only.BSuggested documents are to assist in characterizing fly ash as a substitute for the subject materials of these documents.D 5759 95 (2005)4
