1、Designation: D5760 09Standard Specification forPerformance of Manual Transmission Gear Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5760; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification lists the test methods and acceptancecriteria for determining the acceptability of lubricants used innonsynchroni
3、zed heavy duty manual transmissions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip TestD892 Te
4、st Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-ing OilsD5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing Load Ca-pacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)D5579 Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability ofManual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic DurabilityTestD5662 Test Method for Determining Automo
5、tive Gear OilCompatibility with Typical Oil Seal ElastomersD5704 Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal andOxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for ManualTransmissions and Final Drive Axles2.2 Federal Standards:3Federal Standard No. 791C, Method 3430.2 CompatibilityCharacteristics of Univ
6、ersal Gear LubricantsFederal Standard No. 791C, Method 3440.1 Storage Solu-bility Characteristics of Universal Gear Lubricants2.3 SAE Publications:4SAE J2360 Lubricating Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric)Military Use3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 nonsynchronized
7、transmission, na transmissionhaving no means for synchronizing the speeds of engagingelements. Typical heavy-duty manual transmissions have nosuch means for gear engagement by the shift lever, but mayhave such means for pneumatic engagement of auxiliary rangegears.3.1.2 oil seal compatibility, nin l
8、ubricants for lubricatingmanual transmissions and final drive axles, prevention ofchemical or thermal degradation of seal elastomers typicallyobserved as hardening, cracking, or excessive swelling in amanner which would result in oil leakage.3.1.3 thermal oxidation, nin lubricants used for lubricat-
9、ing manual transmissions and final drive axles, deterioration ofthe lubricant under high-temperature conditions which isobserved as viscosity increase of the lubricant, insolublesformation in the lubricant, deposit formation on the parts, or acombination thereof.4. Performance Classification4.1 API
10、Category MT-1The designation API CategoryMT-1 identifies the category of lubricants intended for use innonsynchronized manual transmissions, apart from API Ser-vice Category GL-4. See Appendix X1 for background infor-mation on this category.5. Performance Requirements5.1 API Category MT-1 performanc
11、e requirements for can-didate gear lubricants are provided in Table 1.6. Number of Tests and Retests6.1 Test Method D5704In determining whether an oilmeets the required limits the following rules shall apply:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and
12、 Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants cyclic durability; manual transmis-sions; oil seal; thermal oxidation; thermal stabilityAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. API CATEGORY MT-1 RATIONALEX1.1 In 1986, Eaton Corporation, through the So
13、ciety forAutomotive Engineers (SAE), outlined the trucking industrysneed for a gear lubricant category which would provideperformance characteristics essential to ensure optimum ser-vice life for heavy-duty manual transmissions. This requestwas supported by all major North American commercialtransmi
14、ssion builders.X1.2 During the same period user surveys indicated that theclass of oils typically used in manual transmissions was notalways in compliance with the builders primary recommen-dations. API GL-5 gear oils or multigrade engine oils were thepopular choice of users due to their desire to i
15、nventory and usetwo shop oils, engine and gear. Some of these oils were foundto perform satisfactorily while others presented problems. Inextreme cases, some API GL-5 oils were reported to cause oilseal failures due to coking/hard deposits or severe oil sludgingat mileages below realistic drain inte
16、rvals, or both.X1.3 Using feedback from equipment builders, SAE out-lined several lubricant performance characteristics which theybelieved were vital to ensure that their goals for optimumtransmission service life would be met. These characteristicsincluded the following:(1) Fluid thermal stability/
17、component cleanliness,(2) Oil seal compatibility, and(3) Brass (copper) component compatibility.X1.4 ASTM was then requested to identify or develop testssuitable to assess the preceding performance characteristics. Inthe process, the proposed categorys performance test matrixwas expanded to include
18、properties in addition to thoseoriginally defined in order to ensure that a performancebalanced lubricant would be provided to users. The added5ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), Carnegie Mellon University, 6555 PennAvenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, http:/astmtmc.cmu.edu.TABLE 1 API Category MT-1 Catego
19、ry Tests and AcceptanceCriteriaTest Item Minimum MaximumTest Method D5704Viscosity increase, % . 100 %Pentane insolubles, % . 3.0 %Toluene insolubles, % . 2.0 %Carbon/varnish rating 7.5 .Sludge rating 9.4 .Test Method D5662Polyacrylate 150C, 240 hElongation change, % 60 +no limitHardness change, poi
20、nts 35 +5Volume change, % 5 +30Fluoroelastomer 150C, 240 hElongation change, % 75 +no limitHardness change, points, 5 +10Volume change, % 5 +15Test Method D5579 better than passingreference oilA.Test Method D130B. 2aTest Method D5182Failing load stage 11 .Test Method D892, foam tendency onlySequence
21、 I, mL . 20Sequence II, mL . 50Sequence III, mL . 20Federal Standard No. 791C, Method 3430.2 compatible withreference oilsC.Federal Standard No. 791C, Method 3440.1 passD.AThis is defined by the mean of the last five passing reference oil test resultsused to calibrate the test stand.BTested for 3 h
22、at 121C.CShall be compatible with six specific reference oils that may be obtained fromthe ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).DShall pass the performance requirements as specified in SAE J2360.D5760 092properties included antiwear, foam control, and lubricantcompatibility. A full-scale transmission t
23、est was also includedto reaffirm the high-temperature lubricant performance capa-bilities of API Category MT-1. This test correlates with fieldservice and also ensures satisfactory performance with plate-type synchronizers.X1.5 The tests and acceptance criteria defined by thisspecification are the r
24、esult of specification and test methoddevelopment work within ASTM. The introduction of this newcategory will allow OEMs to specify gear oils for manualtransmissions that can be made available either as dedicatedfluids (API Category MT-1) or multipurpose fluids (that is,APIGL-5/API Category MT-1). O
25、ils meeting the API CategoryMT-1 performance definition will satisfy OEM objectives foroptimum transmission performance and service life. This hasbeen achieved by combining in a single lubricant the cleanli-ness and oil seal life typical of engine oils with the loadcarrying characteristics of gear o
26、ils.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights,
27、 are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional sta
28、ndardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Com
29、mittee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D5760 093
