1、Designation: D5779/D5779M 14Standard Test Method forField Determination of Rapid Specific Gravity of Rock andManmade Materials for Erosion Control1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5779/D5779M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rapidspecific gravity of r
3、ock or man-made materials for erosioncontrol.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the t
4、wo systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.3.1 For purposes of comparing measured or calculatedvalue(s) with spe
5、cified limits, the measured or calculatedvalue(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significantdigits in the specified limits.1.3.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are repr
6、esentative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits o
7、f reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analyticalmethods for engineering design.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespo
8、nsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction M
9、aterialsD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Mass
10、es for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used forErosion ControlD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataD6473 Test Method For Specific Gravity And Absorption ofRock For Erosion Control3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFo
11、r definitions of common technical termsin this standard, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 rapid specific gravitythe ratio of the mass in air of aunit volume of relatively impermeable rock or man-madematerial, to the mass of an equal volume of water m
12、easuredunder a variety of temperatures.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 An air-dried specimen (block, chunk, or slab) of rock ormanmade material, such as concrete or masonry rubble frompaving and building demolition, is weighed in air and thenweighed again while immersed in water. Using the masses, thef
13、ield rapid specific gravity is calculated. The determinedspecific gravity can then be used to determine a mass per unitvolume.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for ErosionControl.Current ed
14、ition approved Jan. 15, 2014. Published February 2014. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5779 081. DOI:10.1520/D5779_D5779M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Boo
15、k of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance an
16、d Use5.1 Riprap and armor material are composed of pieces ofnatural rock or manmade material that are placed on construc-tion projects, shorelines, streambeds, bridge abutments, pilingsand other structures to minimize the effects of erosion. Theability of rock or manmade material to withstand deteri
17、orationfrom weathering affects both the effectiveness of the projectand its cost. The specific gravity and absorption provide usefulinformation that can be used in evaluating possible deteriora-tion of rock or manmade material.5.2 Test specimens equal in size to the proposed design sizewould provide
18、 the best correlations between laboratory testsand actual field performance; however, this is usually neitherpractical nor economically feasible.5.3 This test method has been used to evaluate differenttypes of rocks and manmade material. There have been rareoccasions when test results have provided
19、data that have notagreed with the durability of rock or manmade material underactual field conditions.5.4 The results of this test is not to be used as the sole basisfor determination of durability, but should be used in conjunc-tion with the results of other tests.NOTE 1The quality of the result pr
20、oduced by this standard isdependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this
21、standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluation some of those factors6. Interferences6.1 The limitations of this test are threefold.6.1.1 First, this is a field
22、test method using simple apparatusand limited specimen inundation durations to measure rapidspecific gravity. Though this method produces test resultsquickly, the results may not be as accurate as a more highlycontrolled method. For laboratory determination of specificgravity see Test Method D6473.6
23、.1.2 Second, certain rock types and manmade materialswith small, interconnected pore space could internally entrapair when, during rapid total immersion, water migrates fromthree dimensions. Capillary tension draws the water inward,but as it does so the air may become entrapped preventing thewater f
24、rom migrating into the center of the rock. Incrementalsubmersion or vacuum saturation methods may aid in lesseningair entrapment in this type of material and is beyond the scopeof this procedure.6.1.3 Third, the test specimens may not be representative ofthe quality of the larger rock and manmade ma
25、terial samplesused in construction. Careful examination of the source andproper sampling are essential in minimizing this limitation.7. Apparatus7.1 BalanceA balance or scale conforming to the require-ments of Guide D4753 readable (with no estimation) andaccurate to1%orbetter of the mass of the test
26、 specimen. Formasses over 50 kg 110 lb a load-cell, spring scale, or someother device accurate to within 1 % of the mass may be used.The balance shall be equipped with suitable apparatus forsuspending the sample container in water from the center of theplatform or pan of the balance.7.2 Specimen Con
27、tainerA wire basket, sling, or pan to beattached to the scale and capable of holding the specimen andsuspending it in water.7.3 Water BathA vessel filled with a volume of waterlarge enough to submerge the specimen and specimen con-tainer without touching any of the vessels sides.7.4 An example appar
28、atus is shown in Fig. 1.8. Sampling8.1 Rock source sampling shall be guided by PracticeD4992. Manmade material source sampling shall be guided,where applicable, by the general principles outlined in PracticeD4992. A source that is macroscopically uniform in color,texture, mineralogy, or some other v
29、isual property shall berepresented by a sample consisting of a minimum of fivespecimens. A macroscopically non-uniform source shall berepresented by a minimum of eight specimens.8.2 Rock and manmade material types that comprise lessthan5%ofthetotal source, as determined from theirmacroscopic propert
30、ies, may be ignored, unless their presencewill greatly affect the test results and subsequent proposed use.8.3 Sample the rock or man-made material types in theirapproximate proportion to the types that occur at the source.9. Specimens9.1 Specimens shall be clean and without soil particles orother a
31、dherent materials. Specimens shall have all loose partsand adherent material removed by brushing with a stiff brush(including the use of water, as necessary) and shall be allowedto air dry until all surfaces are visually dry.FIG. 1 Example ApparatusD5779/D5779M 1429.2 Air dry specimens until all sur
32、faces are visually dry.9.3 Each specimen shall be a minimum of 2.2 kg 5.0 lb inmass. The maximum mass shall be limited only by the capacityof the scale and the size of the water-filled tank. Small piecesof rock and manmade material shall be combined to produce aspecimen having a minimum of 2.2 kg 5.
33、0 lb mass.NOTE 2Evaluation of the properties of rock and manmade materialsare best performed by testing the largest possible specimens.10. Procedure10.1 Perform the test in the field at any temperature abovethe freezing temperature of water.10.2 Determine the air-dry mass of each specimen andrecord
34、its mass to the nearest 1 %.10.3 Determine the tare value of the specimen containerwhile the container is immersed in water without the specimen.10.4 Determine the mass of each air dried specimen andrecord the mass to the nearest 1 %.10.5 Place each test specimen, one at a time, in thesuspended spec
35、imen container ensuring it is completely im-mersed in water. Take care to remove all entrapped air beforedetermining its mass in water by shaking the immersedcontainer.10.6 Determine the mass of each immersed specimen andrecord the mass to the nearest 1 %. The specimen containershall be immersed to
36、the same level (depth) as when determin-ing the tare value to reduce error caused by the mass of theequipment above and below the water level.NOTE 3Care should be taken to ensure that any material detachedfrom its parent specimen during the immersion process shall remain withits parent specimen thro
37、ughout the balance of testing. The detachedmaterial shall be treated and its mass determined, as with the parentspecimen.NOTE 4Specific gravities of large specimens can be made usingpower equipment, slings, and load cells or some other means of deter-mining its mass.11. Calculation11.1 Rapid Specifi
38、c GravityCalculate the air-dried rapidspecific gravity for each specimen of rock or manmadematerial to the nearest 0.1 as follows:Rapid Specific Gravity 5Mass in AirMass in Air 2 Mass in Water(1)NOTE 5For those circumstances requiring results reportable to 0.01specific gravity unit, a laboratory det
39、ermination using Test Method D6473may be used.11.2 Average Rapid Specific GravityCalculate the averagerapid specific gravity of the rock or manmade material source,sample, or both, to the nearest 0.1 as follows:Average Rapid Specific Gravity 5Summation of Specific GravitiesNumber of Tested Specimens
40、(2)NOTE 6The average specific gravity may be calculated for a specimenof combined small pieces. The specific gravity of individual pieces shallnot be required.12. Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)12.1 Record the following information:12.1.1 Source of the samples, its location, the date sampledand t
41、ested, and the geological formation if known,12.1.2 Description and type of materials,12.1.3 Name of the individuals performing the test,12.1.4 Rapid specific gravities of all specimens to thenearest 0.1 specific gravity unit,12.1.5 Average rapid specific gravity for the source to thenearest 0.1 spe
42、cific gravity unit,12.1.6 The range in test values if multiple tests are made onthe same specimens or samples,12.1.7 Type of equipment used to perform the test, that is,balance with basket in tank, crane with sling and load cell, andso forth, and12.1.8 Photograph of specimens and equipment used inte
43、sting. This is optional.13. Precision and Bias313.1 PrecisionThe following estimates of precision arebased on the results of testing conducted by six laboratories onfive different kinds of dolomite and limestone.13.1.1 Single-Operator PrecisionThe single-operatorstandard deviation of a single test r
44、esult has been found to be0.008.4Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests bythe same operator should not differ by more than 0.02.413.1.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionThe multilaboratorystandard deviation of a single test result has been found to be0.027.4Therefore, results of two properly con
45、ducted tests indifferent laboratories on the same material should not differ bymore than 0.08.413.2 BiasThere is no accepted reference value for this testmethod; therefore, bias cannot be determined.14. Keywords14.1 riprap; rock; rock material properties; specific gravity3Supporting data have been f
46、iled at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D18-1006. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.4These numbers represent, respectively, the (ls) and (d2s) limits as described inPractice C670.D5779/D5779M 143SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D18 has iden
47、tified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D5779 081) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Jan. 15, 2014.)(1) Revised the title to better reflect content.(2) Revised the standard into a dual measurement system withthe units of measurement now stated
48、in either inch-pound unitsor SI units.(3) Revised Sections 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10 for clarity.(4) Revised Note 1 to conform to D18 policy.(5) Added Section 6.(6) Updated Section 11 and 12 for wording.(7) Revised Fig. 1 for clarity.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any paten
49、t rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to A
