1、Designation: D5793 13D5793 18Standard Test Method forBinding Sites per Unit Length or Width of Pile Yarn FloorCoverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5793; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the number of binding sites per unit length or width of machine-
3、made,woven, knitted, and tufted pile yarn floor covering both before and after adhesive backing application.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are
4、 not considered standard.1.3 Determination of the number of binding sites per unit length or width of pile floor covering previously was contained withinTest Methods D418.NOTE 1For user convenience, Subcommittee D13.21 has subdivided Test Method D418 into separate standards, of which this test metho
5、d is one.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limi
6、tations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Tec
7、hnical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD418 Test Method for Testing Pile Yarn Floor Covering Construction (Withdrawn 1998)3D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD1909 Standard Tables of Commercial Moistur
8、e Regains and Commercial Allowances for Textile FibersD2904 Practice for InterlaboratoryTesting of aTextileTest Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (Withdrawn 2008)3D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)3D5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor C
9、overingsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot orProcess3. Terminology3.1 For definitions terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings, D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this stan
10、dard: back coating, backing, backing fabric, binding site, buried pile yarn,carpet, components, finished, finished pile yarn floor covering, floor covering, lengthwise direction, needles per unit width, pile,pile heights, pile yarn floor covering, pile yarn mass, pitch, stitches, stubble, textile fl
11、oor covering, tuft, tufted fabric, widthwisedirection.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current ed
12、ition approved July 1, 2013Jan. 1, 2018. Published August 2013February 2018. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20052013 asD5793 05.D5793 13. DOI: 10.1520/D5793-13.10.1520/D5793-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Custome
13、r Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to prov
14、ide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the
15、standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Test Method4.1 The length of pile floor covering containing 40 binding sites is measured in either t
16、he lengthwise or widthwise direction asrequired and the number of binding sites per unit length is calculated.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful in quality and cost control during manufacture. Both appearance and performance of pile yarnfloor coverings can be affected by the numbe
17、r of binding sites per length and width.5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates ofbetween-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.2.1 If there are dif
18、ferences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparativetests should be performed to determine if there is statistical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. As aminimum, use test samples for such comparative tests that are as ho
19、mogeneous as possible, drawn form the same lot of materialas the samples that resulted in the disparate results during initial testing, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to eachlaboratory for testing. The test results from the laboratories should be compared using a statistical test fo
20、r unpaired data at aprobability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected, or future testresults for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the know bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Shears or Clippers, capable of shearing close enough t
21、o the backing to leave a stubble of no more than 0.05 in. (1.3 mm).6.2 Scale or Tape, metal, graduated in 0.05 in. (1 mm) and at least 10 % longer than the distance being measured.6.3 Location Markers, two, such as straight pins.7. Sampling Units and Test Specimens7.1 Sampling Units:7.1.1 Uncoated F
22、loor CoveringThe basic sampling unit of uncoated floor covering is a production roll.7.1.2 Coated Floor CoveringThe basic sampling unit of coated floor covering is a shipping roll. The number of shipping rollsobtained from each production roll ranges from one to over ten.7.2 Take a lot sample as dir
23、ected in Practice E122 when statistical knowledge of the product variability and test methodprecision is available, and decision has been made on the maximum deviation that can be tolerated between the estimate to be madefrom the sample and the result that would be obtained by measuring every sampli
24、ng unit of the lot. Otherwise the number ofsampling units in a lot sample and the use of the test results obtained from the individual test samples shall be in accordance withthe manufacturers quality control program or with the specification agreed to by the purchaser and the supplier.7.3 A test sa
25、mple shall consist of a full width section of floor covering cut from one end of each roll in the lot sample and shallbe at least 4 in. (100 mm) longer than the specimens required for the tests being conducted. Do not cut a test sample of coatedfloor covering from a seam end of a production roll.7.4
26、 Test Specimens:7.4.1 The test specimens shall be large enough to include 44 binding sites in each direction.7.4.2 This test method may be nondestructive since the measurements may be made on the test specimens without cutting thetest specimens from the test sample.7.4.3 A test specimen is a designa
27、ted area of a test sample that may be marked on or cut from the test sample as directed inthe test method. For test samples 120 in. (3000 mm) wide or wider, three test specimens are required, one at each edge no nearerto the edge than 5 % of the total floor covering width and one in the middle porti
28、on of the test sample. For test samples at least60 in. (1500 mm) wide but less 120 in. (3000 mm), take two test specimens, one at each edge no nearer to the edge than 5 % ofthe total floor covering width. For test samples less than 60 in. wide (1500 mm), take one specimen, from the middle.7.4.4 Wher
29、e it is known that systematic variations in a floor covering characteristic may occur in bands 18 in. (460 mm) or morein width, as with modular pattern device having separate controls or adjustments for each module, take test specimens from themiddle of each band.7.4.5 When a full width test sample
30、is not available, take a specimen as directed in 7.4.3 and state in the report the widthavailable and the number of test specimens taken.7.5 A test result is the average of the measurements made on a set of test specimens as described in 7.4.3, 7.4.4, or 7.4.5. Inthese methods, directions are given
31、only for obtaining a test result from one test sample. The value representative of the lot beingsampled will be the average of the test results for all the test samples in the lot sample.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the test specimens or the test sample as specified in Practice D1776 in the standard
32、 atmosphere for testing textilesfor 12 h or until the mass changes no more than 0.1 % in 2 h.D5793 1828.2 If the fiber in any layer of the backing has a commercial regain of over 5 %, the specimen may be conditioned beforemeasuring. Commercial moisture regains for textile fibers are listed in Table
33、D1909.9. Procedure9.1 If the binding sites are visible from the back, place the test specimen face down on a flat surface; otherwise, place the testspecimen back down and shear the pile close to the backing to reveal the binding sites. Select a line of binding sites in the directionto be counted.9.1
34、.1 Handle uncoated floor coverings carefully to avoid distortion of binding sites of coated floor covering after treating withreagents and removing the secondary backing.9.2 Select a distinguishing feature found at each binding site.NOTE 1It is not necessary to define precisely the boundaries of a b
35、inding site; only to use the same distinguishing feature in every binding site beingcounted in a particular specimen. For tufted floor covering, a distinguishing feature is the needle hole separating two adjacent binding sites. For wovenfloor covering, it may be a filling yarn appearing once on the
36、back for every binding site.9.3 Locate the zero point at this distinguishing feature of one binding site with a marker.9.4 Count 40 complete binding sites from this marker and insert another marker at this distinguishing feature of the 40th site.NOTE 2Some pile yarn floor coverings exhibit non-strai
37、ght line binding sites; therefore, counting is facilitated by counting on the back side of thespecimen.9.5 Measure the length, L, between the marked binding sites with the graduated scale or tape, reading to the nearest 0.05 in.(1 mm).9.6 Make one measurement on each of the test specimens or specime
38、n areas.10. Calculation10.1 For each measurement calculate the number of binding sites per unit length (or width) to the nearest 0.1 sites/length (width)using Eq 1.N 540/L (1)where:N = number of binding sites per unit length (or width) of floor covering, andL = length measured as directed in in. (mm
39、).11. Report11.1 State that the test sample was tested as directed in Test Method D5793 for determining the binding sites per unit lengthor width of pile floor covering. Describe the material or product sampled and the method of sampling used.11.1.1 Report the average number of binding sites per uni
40、t length or width of pile yarn floor covering as agreed between thepurchaser and the supplier. In the absence of such agreement, report the number of binding sites per unit length (width).12. Precision and Bias12.1 SummaryIn comparing two averages, the differences should not exceed the single-operat
41、or precision values show inTables 1-4 for the respective number of tests in 95 out of 100 cases when all the observations are all taken by the same well-trainedoperator using the same test method techniques and specimens randomly drawn from the sample of material. Larger differencesare likely to occ
42、ur under all other circumstances.12.2 Inter-laboratory Test DataAn inter-laboratory test was run in 2001 in which randomly drawn samples of seven materialswere tested in each of six laboratories. Each laboratory used one operator, and each operator tested two samples of each of theseven materials us
43、ing Test Method D5793, recording results for stitches per inch in the length direction and stitches per inch inthe width direction. One sample set (Material 7) was discarded after being flagged as a special case because of an obviousTABLE 1 Critical Length Differences for Two Averages for theConditi
44、ons Noted 95 % Probability Level, UnitsLength Single Material ComparisonsNumber of TestResults in EachAverageSingleOperatorPrecisionWithinLaboratoryPrecisionBetweenLaboratoryPrecision1 0.14 0.14 0.352 0.10 0.10 0.344 0.07 0.07 0.338 0.05 0.05 0.33D5793 183calculation error at one lab. Components of
45、variance for length and width expressed as standard deviations were calculated to bethe values listed in Tables 5 and 6.Analysis of the data was conducted using Practices D2904 and D2906. The material types were:Material 1: Tufted commercial loop pile carpetMaterial 2: Tufted commercial loop pile ca
46、rpetMaterial 3: Tufted residential cut pile carpetMaterial 4: Tufted residential cut pile carpetMaterial 5: Tufted residential cut pile carpetMaterial 6: Tufted residential cut pile carpetMaterial 7: Tufted residential cut pile carpet12.3 PrecisionFor the components of variance reported in Tables 5
47、and 6, two averages of observed values should beconsidered significantly different at the 95 % probability level if the difference equals or exceeds the critical differences listed inTables 1-4.12.4 BiasThe procedure in Test Method D5793 for determining the number of binding sites per unit length or
48、 width has noknown bias and may be used as a referee method.13. Keywords13.1 binding sites; carpet; construction; floor covering; pile yarnTABLE 2 Critical Length Differences for Two Averages for theConditions Noted 95 % Probability Level, UnitsLength Multi-Material ComparisonsNumber of TestResults
49、in EachAverageSingleOperatorPrecisionWithinLaboratoryPrecisionBetweenLaboratoryPrecision1 0.14 0.14 0.632 0.10 0.10 0.624 0.07 0.07 0.628 0.05 0.05 0.61TABLE 3 Critical Width Differences for Two Averages for theConditions Noted 95 % Probability Level, UnitsWidth Single Material ComparisonsNumber of TestResults in EachAverageSingleOperatorPrecisionWithinLaboratoryPrecisionBetweenLaboratoryPrecision1 0.16 0.16 0.762 0.11 0.11 0.754 0.08 0.08 0.758 0.06 0.06 0.75TABLE 4 Critical Width Differences for Two Averages for theConditions Noted 95 % Probability Level, UnitsWidt
