1、Designation: D 5797 07An American National StandardStandard Specification forFuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-IgnitionEngines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5797; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to85 volume % methanol and 30 to 14 v
3、olume % hydrocarbonsfor use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignitionengines. Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the prop-erties specified. Appendix X2 presents the current status in thedevelopment of a luminosity test procedure for M70-M85.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be
4、regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portionsAnnex A1, Annex A2, Annex A3, andAppendix X2 of this specification.This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if a
5、ny, associatedwith its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2,3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Produc
6、ts atAtmospheric PressureD 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by JetEvaporationD 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In WaterD 525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline(Induction Period Method)D 87
7、2 Method of Test for Sulfonation Index of Road Tars4D 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD 2622 Test Meth
8、od for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD 3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleu
9、m andPetroleum ProductsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD 4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use asAnalytical StandardsD 4626 Practice for Calculation o
10、f Gas ChromatographicResponse FactorsD 4814 Specification forAutomotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD 4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1to C4Alco-hols in Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD 4929 Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chlo-ride Conte
11、nt in Crude OilD 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D 5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-RaySpectroscopyD 5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method)D 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Pro
12、d-ucts (Mini Method)1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallya
13、pproved in 1995 as D 579795. Last previous edition approved in 2006 asD 579706.2Reference to the following documents is to be the latest issue unless otherwisespecified.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua
14、l Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydro
15、carbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of LiquidSamples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsE 203 Test Method forWater UsingVolumetric Karl FischerTitrationE 355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms an
16、d Rela-tionshipsE 1145 Specification for Denatured Ethyl Alcohol, Formula3A43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 methanol, nmethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundCH3OH.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aliphatic etheran oxygen-containing, ashless, or-ganic compound in which the
17、oxygen atom is interposedbetween two carbon atoms (organic groups), has the generalformula CnH2n+2O with n being 5 to 8, and in which the carbonatoms are connected in open chains and not closed rings.3.2.1.1 DiscussionAliphatic compounds can be straight orbranched chains and saturated or unsaturated
18、. The term ali-phatic ether, as used in this specification, refers only to thesaturated compounds.3.2.2 fuel methanol (M70-M85)a blend of methanol andhydrocarbons of which the methanol portion is nominally 70 to85 volume %.3.2.3 higher alcoholsaliphatic alcohols of the generalformula CnH2 n+1OH with
19、 n being 2 to 8.3.2.4 hydrocarbonthose components in a methanol-hydrocarbon blend that contain only hydrogen and carbon.4. Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) Performance Requirements4.1 Fuel methanol (M70-M85) shall conform to the require-ments in Table 1.NOTE 1Most of the requirements cited in Table 1 are bas
20、ed on thebest technical information currently available regarding the performanceof these fuels in current technology vehicles. Requirements for sulfur,phosphorus, and lead are based on the use of gasoline defined inSpecification D 4814 understanding that control of these elements willaffect catalys
21、t lifetime. The lead maximum is limited for Class 1 and Class2 fuels to the lower limit of the test method. As greater experience isgained from field use of M70-M85 vehicles, and further vehicle hardwaredevelopments for the use of higher methanol content fuels occurs, it isexpected that many of thes
22、e requirements will change.4.1.1 Vapor pressure is varied for seasonal and climaticchanges by providing three vapor pressure classes for M70-M85. The seasonal and geographic distribution for the threevapor pressure classes is shown in Table 2. Class 1 encom-passes geographical areas with 6-h tenth-p
23、ercentile minimumambient temperature of greater than 5C (41F). Class 2encompasses geographical areas with 6-h tenth-percentileminimum temperatures of greater than 5C (23F) but lessthan +5C. Class 3 encompasses geographical areas with 6-htenth-percentile minimum ambient temperature less than orequal
24、to 5C.4.1.2 The hydrocarbons used shall have a final maximumboiling point of 225C (437F) byTest Method D86, oxidationstability of 240-min minimum by Test Method D 525, and No.1 maximum copper strip corrosion by Test Method D 130. Thehydrocarbons may contain aliphatic ethers as blending compo-nents a
25、s are customarily used for automotive fuel.4.1.3 Use of unprotected aluminum in fuel methanol (M70-M85) distribution and dispensing equipment will introduceinsoluble aluminum compounds into the fuel causing pluggedvehicle fuel filters. Furthermore, this effect can be exaggeratedeven with protected a
26、luminum by elevated fuel conductivitycaused by contact with a nitrile rubber dispensing hose.Therefore, unprotected aluminum and an unlined nitrile rubberdispensing hose should be avoided in fuel methanol (M70-M85) distribution and dispensing systems.55. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling5.1
27、The reader is strongly advised to review all intended testmethods prior to sampling to better understand the importanceand effects of sampling technique, proper containers, andspecial handling required for each test method.5.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtain asample representative
28、 of the lot intended to be tested. Useappropriate procedures in Practice D 4057 for manual methodsampling and in Practice D 4177 for automatic sampling asapplicable.5AmericanAutomobile ManufacturersAssociation, “Fuel Methanol Compatibil-ity Standards and Dispensing Equipment List for M85 Fueled Vehi
29、cles,” October1994.TABLE 1 Requirements for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85)Properties Class 1AClass 2 Class 3Methanol + higher alcohols, min,volume%84 80 70Hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether,volume%1416 1420 1430Vapor pressure, kPa 4862 6283 83103(psi) 7.09.0 9.012.0 12.015.0Lead, max, mg/L 2.6 2.6 3.9Phosphorus,
30、max, mg/L 0.2 0.3 0.4Sulfur, max, mg/kg 160 200 300All ClassesHigher alcohols (C2C8), max,volume %2Acidity, as acetic acid, max,mg/kg50Solvent washed gum content,max, mg/100 mL5Unwashed gum content, max,mg/100 mL20Total chlorine as chlorides, max,mg/kg2Inorganic chloride, max, mg/kg 1Water, max, mas
31、s% 0.5Appearance This product shall be visibly free ofsuspended or precipitated contaminants (clearand bright). This shall be determined atindoor ambient temperatures unless otherwiseagreed upon between the supplier and thepurchaser.ASee 4.1.1 for volatility class criteria.D5797072TABLE 2 Seasonal a
32、nd Geographical Volatility Specifications for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85)NOTEThis schedule is subject to agreement between the purchaser and the seller denotes the vapor pressure class of the fuel at the time and placeof bulk delivery to fuel dispensing facilities for the end user. Shipments should anti
33、cipate this schedule.State January February March April May June July August September October November DecemberAlabama 2 2 2 2 2/1 11111/222AlaskaSouthern Region 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3South Mainland 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3 3ArizonaN of 34 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3S34La
34、tiude2222/1111111/22Arkansas 3 3 3/2 2/1 11111/22 /33CaliforniaANorth Coast 2 22222/11111/222South Coast 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1111 /33Southeast 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Interio 222222/1111/22ColoradoE of 105 Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3W of 105 Longitude 3 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3Co
35、nnecticut 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Delaware 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3District of Columbia 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3FloridaNof29Latiude2222/1111111/222S 22/1111111111/Georgia 3 3/2 2 2/1 111111/222/3Hawaii 1 11111111111Idaho 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3IllinoisN of 40 Latitude 3
36、3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3S of 40 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Indiana 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Iowa 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Kansas 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Kentucky 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Louisiana 2 2 2 2/1 111111/22Maine 3 3 33/ 22/111/22233 3Maryland 3 3
37、3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Massachusetts 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3MichiganLower Michigan 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Upper Michigan 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Minnesota 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Misip 2222/1111111/22Missouri 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Montana 3 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1
38、1/2 2/3 3 3 3Nebraska 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3NevadaN of 38 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 38 Latitude 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3New Hampshire 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3New Jersey 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3New MexicoN of 34 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
39、S34Latiude33 /22/1111111/2/New YorkN of 42 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 42 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3North Carolina 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3North Dakota 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Ohio 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Oklahoma 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Ore
40、gonE of 122 Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3W of 122 Longitude 3 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2 2/3PennsylvaniaN of 41 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 41 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Rhode Island 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3South Carolina 2 2 2 2/1 111111/22South Dakot
41、a 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Tennessee 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3TexasN of 31 Latitude 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3D57970735.3 The correct sample volume and appropriate containerselection are important decisions that can impact test results.Refer to Practice D 4306 for aviation fuel cont
42、ainer selectionfor tests sensitive to trace contamination. Refer to PracticeD 5854 for procedures on container selection and samplemixing and handling. Where practical, M70M85 should besampled in glass containers. If samples must be collected inmetal containers, do not use soldered metal containers.
43、 This isbecause the soldering flux in the containers and the lead in thesolder can contaminate the sample. Plastic containers should beavoided.5.4 A minimum sample size of about 1 L (1 qt) is recom-mended.6. Test Methods6.1 Determine the requirements enumerated in this specifi-cation in accordance w
44、ith the following test methods:NOTE 2The appropriateness ofASTM test methods cited has not beendemonstrated for use with M70-M85. In addition, test methods containedin the annexes and appendixes are in the developmental stages or lackprecision and bias determinations.6.1.1 MethanolA procedure for a
45、test method for metha-nol content of fuel methanol (M70-M85) is included as AnnexA1. Verification of the appropriateness of this test method hasindicated that the precision of this method may not beadequate. As work continues to develop a method, this proce-dure remains the best available.6.1.2 Hydr
46、ocarbon/Aliphatic EtherUse Test MethodD 4815 to determine higher alcohols, methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE), and other ethers. Water may also be determined if thegas chromatograph is equipped with a thermal conductivitydetector.As an alternative, water can be determined by the KarlFischer test method (
47、see 6.1.9). The concentration of methanol,other alcohols, and water can be added, and the sum subtractedfrom 100 to get the percent of hydrocarbons/aliphatic ethers.An alternative test method is contained in Annex A2.6.1.3 Vapor Pressure Test Methods D 4953, D 5190, orD 5191.6.1.4 AcidityTest Method
48、 D 1613.6.1.5 Gum Content, Solvent Washed and UnwashedTestMethod D 381.6.1.6 Total Chlorine as ChlorideTest Methods D 4929,Method B.6.1.7 LeadTest Method D 5059. With Test MethodD 5059, prepare the calibration standards using methanol(reagent grade) as the solvent to prevent errors caused by largedi
49、fferences in carbon-hydrogen ratios.6.1.8 PhosphorusTest Method D 3231.6.1.9 WaterTest Method E 203.6.1.10 SulfurTest Methods D 1266, D 2622, D 3120, orD 5453. With Test Method D 2622, prepare the calibrationstandards using methanol (reagent grade) as the solvent toprevent errors caused by large differences in carbon-hydrogenratios.6.1.11 Inorganic ChlorideInorganic chloride can be de-termined by Test Methods D 51281(1985)e1(Method C).Also, see the test method in Annex A3. Another test method isunder development.7. Keywords
