1、Designation: D5797 13Standard Specification forFuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-IgnitionEngines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5797; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to85 volume % methanol and 30 to 14 volume % hydrocarbonsfor use in
3、ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignitionengines. Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the prop-erties specified. Appendix X2 presents the current status in thedevelopment of a luminosity test procedure for M70-M85.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The va
4、lues given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portionsAnnex A1, Annex A2, Annex A3, andAppendix X2 of this specification.This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It
5、is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2,3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD130 T
6、est Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In WaterD525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-duction Period Method)D872 Test Method for Test for Sul
7、fonation Index of RoadTars (Withdrawn 1991)4D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfu
8、r in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum
9、ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use asAnalytical StandardsD4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatograph
10、icResponse FactorsD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1to C4Alco-hols in Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD4929 Test Methods for Determination of Organic ChlorideContent in Crude OilD4953 Te
11、st Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-troscopyD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)4D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts
12、(Mini Method)1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved June 15, 2013. Published July 2013. Originallyapproved in 1
13、995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5797 07. DOI:10.1520/D5797-13.2Reference to the following documents is to be the latest issue unless otherwisespecified.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
14、 Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
15、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleu
16、m and Petroleum ProductsD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and RelatedProducts by Monochromatic Wavelength DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-shipsE1145 Specification
17、 for Denatured Ethyl Alcohol, Formula3a (Withdrawn 1993)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 methanol, nmethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundCH3OH.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aliphatic etheran oxygen-containing, ashless, or-ganic compound in which the oxygen atom is inte
18、rposedbetween two carbon atoms (organic groups), has the generalformula CnH2n+2O with n being 5 to 8, and in which the carbonatoms are connected in open chains and not closed rings.3.2.1.1 DiscussionAliphatic compounds can be straight orbranched chains and saturated or unsaturated. The term ali-phat
19、ic ether, as used in this specification, refers only to thesaturated compounds.3.2.2 fuel methanol (M70-M85)a blend of methanol andhydrocarbons of which the methanol portion is nominally 70 to85 volume %.3.2.3 higher alcoholsaliphatic alcohols of the generalformula CnH2 n+1OH with n being 2 to 8.3.2
20、.4 hydrocarbonthose components in a methanol-hydrocarbon blend that contain only hydrogen and carbon.4. Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) Performance Requirements4.1 Fuel methanol (M70-M85) shall conform to the require-ments in Table 1.NOTE 1Most of the requirements cited in Table 1 are based on the besttechn
21、ical information currently available regarding the performance ofthese fuels in current technology vehicles. Requirements for sulfur,phosphorus, and lead are based on the use of gasoline defined inSpecification D4814 understanding that control of these elements willaffect catalyst lifetime. The lead
22、 maximum is limited for Class 1 and Class2 fuels to the lower limit of the test method. As greater experience isgained from field use of M70-M85 vehicles, and further vehicle hardwaredevelopments for the use of higher methanol content fuels occurs, it isexpected that many of these requirements will
23、change.4.1.1 Vapor pressure is varied for seasonal and climaticchanges by providing three vapor pressure classes for M70-M85. The seasonal and geographic distribution for the threevapor pressure classes is shown in Table 2. Class 1 encom-passes geographical areas with 6-h tenth-percentile minimumamb
24、ient temperature of greater than 5C (41F). Class 2encompasses geographical areas with 6-h tenth-percentileminimum temperatures of greater than 5C (23F) but lessthan +5C. Class 3 encompasses geographical areas with 6-htenth-percentile minimum ambient temperature less than orequal to 5C.4.1.2 The hydr
25、ocarbons used shall have a final maximumboiling point of 225C (437F) by Test Method D86, oxidationstability of 240-min minimum by Test Method D525, and No.1 maximum copper strip corrosion by Test Method D130. Thehydrocarbons may contain aliphatic ethers as blending compo-nents as are customarily use
26、d for automotive fuel.4.1.3 Use of unprotected aluminum in fuel methanol (M70-M85) distribution and dispensing equipment will introduceinsoluble aluminum compounds into the fuel causing pluggedvehicle fuel filters. Furthermore, this effect can be exaggeratedeven with protected aluminum by elevated f
27、uel conductivitycaused by contact with a nitrile rubber dispensing hose.Therefore, unprotected aluminum and an unlined nitrile rubberdispensing hose should be avoided in fuel methanol (M70-M85) distribution and dispensing systems.55. Workmanship5.1 Fuel Methanol (M70M85) shall be visually free ofsed
28、iment and suspended matter. It shall be clear and bright atthe ambient temperature or 21C (70F), whichever is higher.5.2 The specification defines only a basic purity for FuelMethanol (M70M85). The product shall be free of anyadulterant or contaminant that can render the material unac-ceptable for i
29、ts commonly used applications.5AmericanAutomobile ManufacturersAssociation, “Fuel Methanol Compatibil-ity Standards and Dispensing Equipment List for M85 Fueled Vehicles,” October1994.TABLE 1 Requirements for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85)Properties Class 1AClass 2 Class 3Methanol + higher alcohols, min,vo
30、lume%84 80 70Hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether,volume%1416 1420 1430Vapor pressure, kPa 4862 6283 83103(psi) 7.09.0 9.012.0 12.015.0Lead, max, mg/L 2.6 2.6 3.9Phosphorus, max, mg/L 0.2 0.3 0.4Sulfur, max, mg/kg 160 200 300All ClassesHigher alcohols (C2C8), max,volume %2Acidity, as acetic acid, max,mg/kg50
31、Solvent washed gum content,max, mg/100 mL5Unwashed gum content, max,mg/100 mL20Total chlorine as chlorides, max,mg/kg2Inorganic chloride, max, mg/kg 1Water, max, mass% 0.5Appearance This product shall be visibly free ofsuspended or precipitated contaminants (clearand bright). This shall be determine
32、d atindoor ambient temperatures unless otherwiseagreed upon between the supplier and thepurchaser.ASee 4.1.1 for volatility class criteria.D5797 132TABLE 2 Seasonal and Geographical Volatility Specifications for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85)NOTE 1This schedule is subject to agreement between the purchaser
33、 and the seller denotes the vapor pressure class of the fuel at the time and placeof bulk delivery to fuel dispensing facilities for the end user. Shipments should anticipate this schedule.State January February March April May June July August September October November DecemberAlabama 2 2 2 2 2/1
34、11111/222AlaskaSouthern Region 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3South Mainland 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3 3ArizonaN of 34 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3S34Latiude2222/1111111/22Arkansas 3 3 3/2 2/1 11111/22 /33CaliforniaANorth Coast 2 22222/11111/222South Coast 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1111 /33South
35、east 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Interio 222222/1111/22ColoradoE of 105 Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3W of 105 Longitude 3 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3Connecticut 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Delaware 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3District of Columbia 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3
36、3FloridaNof29Latiude2222/1111111/222S 22/1111111111/Georgia 3 3/2 2 2/1 111111/222/3Hawaii 1 11111111111Idaho 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3IllinoisN of 40 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3S of 40 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Indiana 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Iowa 3 3 3 3/2 2
37、 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Kansas 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Kentucky 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Louisiana 2 2 2 2/1 111111/22Maine 3 3 33/ 22/111/22233 3Maryland 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Massachusetts 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3MichiganLower Michigan 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Upper
38、Michigan 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Minnesota 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Misip 2222/1111111/22Missouri 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Montana 3 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3Nebraska 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3NevadaN of 38 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 38 Latitude 3 3 3/2
39、2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3New Hampshire 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3New Jersey 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3New MexicoN of 34 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3S34Latiude33 /22/1111111/2/New YorkN of 42 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 42 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3N
40、orth Carolina 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3North Dakota 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Ohio 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Oklahoma 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3OregonE of 122 Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3W of 122 Longitude 3 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2 2/3PennsylvaniaN of 41 Latitude
41、3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 41 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Rhode Island 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3South Carolina 2 2 2 2/1 111111/22South Dakota 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Tennessee 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3TexasN of 31 Latitude 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3S31La
42、tiude222 /1111111/22D5797 1335.2.1 Manufacturers and blenders of Fuel Methanol(M70M85) shall avoid methanol (for example, improperlyrecycled methanol), or hydrocarbon blend components con-taminated by silicon-containing materials, or both. Siliconcontamination of gasoline, denatured ethanol, and the
43、ir blendshas led to fouled vehicle components (for example, sparkplugs, exhaust oxygen sensors, catalytic converters) requiringparts replacement and repairs. Test Method D7757 is a proce-dure for determining silicon that might be applicable to FuelMethanol (M70M85). No specification limits have been
44、established for silicon.6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling6.1 The reader is strongly advised to review all intended testmethods prior to sampling to better understand the importanceand effects of sampling technique, proper containers, andspecial handling required for each test method.6.2 C
45、orrect sampling procedures are critical to obtain asample representative of the lot intended to be tested. Useappropriate procedures in Practice D4057 for manual methodsampling and in Practice D4177 for automatic sampling asapplicable.6.3 The correct sample volume and appropriate containerselection
46、are important decisions that can impact test results.Refer to Practice D4306 for aviation fuel container selectionfor tests sensitive to trace contamination. Refer to PracticeD5854 for procedures on container selection and samplemixing and handling. Where practical, M70M85 should besampled in glass
47、containers. If samples must be collected inmetal containers, do not use soldered metal containers. This isbecause the soldering flux in the containers and the lead in thesolder can contaminate the sample. Plastic containers should beavoided.6.4 A minimum sample size of about 1 L (1 qt) is recom-mend
48、ed.7. Test Methods7.1 Determine the requirements enumerated in this specifi-cation in accordance with the following test methods:NOTE 2The appropriateness ofASTM test methods cited has not beendemonstrated for use with M70-M85. In addition, test methods containedin the annexes and appendixes are in
49、the developmental stages or lackprecision and bias determinations.7.1.1 MethanolA procedure for a test method for metha-nol content of fuel methanol (M70-M85) is included as AnnexA1. Verification of the appropriateness of this test method hasindicated that the precision of this method may not beadequate. As work continues to develop a method, this proce-dure remains the best available.7.1.2 Hydrocarbon/Aliphatic EtherUse Test MethodD4815 to determine higher alcohols, methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE), and other ethers. Water ma
