1、Designation: D5798 15Standard Specification forEthanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification cover
3、s the requirements for automo-tive fuel blends of ethanol and gasoline for use in groundvehicles equipped with ethanol fuel blend flexible-fuel spark-ignition engines. Fuel produced to this specification contains51 to 83 volume % ethanol. This fuel is for use in flexible-fuelvehicles and is sometime
4、s referred to at retail as “EthanolFlex-Fuel.” Appendix X1 discusses the significance of theproperties specified.1.2 The vapor pressure of ethanol fuel blends is varied forseasonal climatic changes. Vapor pressure is increased at lowertemperatures to ensure adequate flexible-fuel vehicle operabil-it
5、y. Ethanol content and selection of hydrocarbon blendstockare adjusted by the blender to meet these vapor pressurerequirements.1.3 This specification formerly covered Fuel Ethanol (Ed70-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines, also knowncommercially as E85. The nomenclature “fuel ethanol” hasbee
6、n changed to “ethanol fuel blends” to distinguish thisproduct from denatured fuel ethanol Specification D4806.Tofacilitate blending of ethanol fuel blends that meet seasonalvapor pressure requirements, a new lower minimum ethanolcontent has been established.1.4 The United States government has estab
7、lished variousprograms for alternative fuels. Many of the definitions ofalternative fuel used by these programs may be more restrictivethan the requirements of this specification. See 4.1.2.1 foradditional information on alternative fuels containing ethanol.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to b
8、e regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, 8.1.8, of this specification. This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is
9、the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD130 Test M
10、ethod for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-duction Period Method)D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used
11、 in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD1688 Test Methods for Copper in WaterD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automati
12、c Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-IgnitionEngine FuelD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-
13、Ignition EngineFuelD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is under the direct responsi-bility of Subcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxy
14、genated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5798 14. DOI:10.1520/D5798-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at se
15、rviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Uni
16、ted States1D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol andMet
17、hanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20%Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of DenaturedFuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel BlendsD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasolin
18、e, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol andButanol by Direct Injection
19、 Suppressed Ion Chromatog-raphyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride inFuel Ethanol by Ion Chromatography Using AqueousSample InjectionD7667 Test Method for Determination of Corrosiveness toSilver by Automotive Spark-Ignition En
20、gine FuelThinSilver Strip MethodD7671 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Silver by Automo-tive SparkIgnition Engine FuelSilver Strip MethodD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and RelatedProducts by Monochromatic Wavelength DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7795 Test Method for Acidity in
21、 Ethanol and EthanolBlends by TitrationE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Government Standards:3United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 802.3 SAE Papers:4SAE 20070
22、14006 A Model for Estimating Vapor Pres-sures of Commingled Ethanol Fuels3. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denaturants, nmaterials added to ethanol to make itunsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agency to preven
23、t the imposition of beveragealcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materialsadded by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula;any materials absorbed later are not denaturants. D48063.2.2 denatured fuel ethanolfuel ethanol made unfit forbeverage use by the addition of denat
24、urants under formula(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent theimposition of beverage alcohol tax. D48063.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundC2H5OH. D48063.2.4 finished fuel, nhomogeneous mixture of blendstocksand fuel additives meeting all specification and regulat
25、oryrequirements for its intended use at the location where sold.3.2.5 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquidhydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts ofadditives, suitable for use as a fuel in spark-ignition, internalcombustion engines. D48143.2.6 hydrocarbon, na compound composed solely ofh
26、ydrogen and carbon.3.2.7 methanol, nmethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundCH3OH.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 flexible-fuel vehicle, na vehicle designed to operateon either unleaded gasoline or ethanol fuel blends or mixturesof both.3.3.1.1 DiscussionIn the United States, t
27、hese vehicleshave U.S. EPA emissions certifications using gasoline comply-ing with U.S. EPA requirements and ethanol fuel blends thatmeet the requirements of Specification D5798.3.3.2 hydrocarbon blendstock, na blending componentcomposed of hydrocarbons which boil in the gasoline tempera-ture distil
28、lation range and trace amounts of naturally occurringcompounds or additives composed of hydrogen, carbon, andother elements such as sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen.3.3.3 pHe,na measure of the acid strength of alcoholfuels.4. Ordering Information4.1 The purchasing agency shall:4.1.1 Indicate the season a
29、nd locality in which the fuel is tobe used,4.1.2 If requested, ensure that the ethanol concentrationmeets the requirements for an alternative fuel for federal fleets.4.1.2.1 The composition of alternative fuels in the UnitedStates is regulated by various government agencies and regu-lations includin
30、g the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) andU.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). With regard tofuel properties including volatility, this specification can bemore or less restrictive than DOE or EPArules, regulations andwaivers. To qualify as an alternative fuel for federal fleet use inthe Unite
31、d States, the ethanol blend is required to meet the U.S.Department of Energys definition of alternative fuels, enactedunder the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (Title III, Sec. 301). Forethanol, the Act defines “alternative fuel” as a mixture con-taining denatured ethanol at a volume of “85 percent or mor
32、e(or such other percentage, but not less than 70 percent, as3A printed copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from theU.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. CapitolStreet, N.W., Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store athttp:/bookstore
33、.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed onlineat http:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.4Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.D5798 152determined by the Secretary, by rule.).” Correcting for dena-turant content, a
34、 blend of 70 to 85 volume % denatured fuelethanol contains 68 to 83 volume % ethanol as measured byTest Method D5501. The U.S. government has other programsand definitions for alternative fuels.4.1.2.2 Users of this specification are advised to check withthe applicable regulatory agency for specific
35、 alternative fuelrequirements.5. Ethanol Fuel Blends Performance Requirements5.1 Ethanol Fuel Blends shall conform to the requirementsof Table 1.5.1.1 The components used to produce Ethanol Fuel Blendsare limited to denatured fuel ethanol and hydrocarbon blend-stock as defined in 5.2.5.1.2 The inten
36、tional addition of lead or phosphorus com-pounds to ethanol fuel blends is not permitted.5.2 Hydrocarbon Blendstock blended with the denaturedfuel ethanol shall meet the requirements of Table 2.5.2.1 The hydrocarbon blendstock may be unleadedgasoline, gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (BOB)
37、,natural gasoline or other hydrocarbons in the gasoline boilingrange.5.3 Vapor pressure is varied for seasonal and climaticchanges by providing four vapor pressure classes for ethanolfuel blends.5.3.1 Class 1 encompasses geographical areas with 6-hourtenth percentile minimum ambient temperature of g
38、reater than5 C (41 F).5.3.2 Class 2 encompasses geographical areas with 6-hourtenth percentile minimum ambient temperature of greaterthan 5 C (23 F) but less than or equal to 5 C (41F).5.3.3 Class 3 encompasses geographical areas with 6-hourtenth percentile minimum ambient temperature greater than13
39、 C (9 F) but less than or equal to 5 C (23F).5.3.4 Class 4 encompasses geographical areas with 6-hourtenth percentile minimum ambient temperature less than orequal to 13 C (9 F).5.3.5 There is a 10 % probability that the highest tempera-ture of the six coldest consecutive hourly temperature readings
40、of a 24 h day will be colder than the 6 h tenth percentileminimum ambient temperature.5.3.6 See 5.4.4 and 5.5.2 for seasonal and geographicaldistributions.5.4 Regulatory and Other Requirements in the UnitedStates:5.4.1 Ethanol content requirements for ethanol alternativefuel blends can be found in 4
41、.1.2.1.5.4.2 The denaturant for the denatured fuel ethanol used inmaking ethanol fuel blends shall meet the requirements ofSection 5 in Specification D4806.5.4.3 Ethanol fuel blends of any volatility class shall meetcertain U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regula-tions for unleaded gasolin
42、e. See Appendix X2.5.4.4 The United States seasonal and geographical distribu-tion for the four vapor pressure classes is shown in Table 3.5.5 Regulatory and Other Requirements Outside the UnitedStates:5.5.1 Users of this specification are advised to consult withthe applicable regulatory agency for
43、specific requirements fortheir jurisdictions.5.5.2 Users of the specification in geographical areas out-side the United States need to determine the 6-hour tenthTABLE 1 Requirements for Ethanol Fuel BlendsAProperties Class 1BClass 2 Class 3 Class 4 Test MethodsVapor pressure, kPa (psi) 3862(5.59.0)4
44、865(7.09.5)5983(8.512.0)66103(9.515.0)D4953 or D5191All ClassesCEthanol Content, volume % 5183 D5501Water Content, max, mass % 1.0 E203 or E1064Methanol Content, max, volume % 0.5 D5501Sulfur Content, max, mg/kg 80 D5453 or D7039Acidity, (as acetic acid CH3COOH),mass % (mg/L) mg/kg, max0.005 (40) 50
45、 D1613 or D7795Solvent-washed gum content,max, mg/100 mL5 D381Unwashed gum content, max,mg/100 mL20 D381pHe6.5to9.0 D6423Inorganic chloride content, max,mg/kg1 D7319 or D7328Copper content, max, mg/L 0.07 D1688AFor information on alternative fuels, see 4.1.2.1.BSee 5.3.1 for volatility class criteri
46、a.CEthanol content and selection of hydrocarbon blendstock are adjusted by the blender to meet vapor pressure requirements. See X1.3.2 for additional information andguidance for blending.TABLE 2 Requirements for Hydrocarbon BlendstockProperties Test MethodsDistillation, end point, max, C (F) 225 (43
47、7) D86Oxidation stability, minimum, minutes 240 D525Copper Strip Corrosion, max No. 1 D130Silver Strip Corrosion, max No. 1 D7667, D7671Vapor pressure ReportAD4953, D5191AWhile not a requirement of this specification, the blender will need to know thevapor pressure of the hydrocarbon blendstock in o
48、rder to choose a suitable blendratio for the components to meet the vapor pressure requirement of a particularvolatility class.D5798 153TABLE 3 United States Seasonal and Geographical Volatility Specifications for Ethanol Fuel BlendsNOTE 1This schedule, subject to agreement between the purchaser and
49、 the seller, denotes the vapor pressure class of the fuel at the time and placeof bulk delivery to fuel-dispensing facilities for the end user. Shipments should anticipate this schedule.NOTE 2Where alternative classes are listed, either class is acceptable; the option shall be exercised by the seller.NOTE 3This schedule was developed using actual (versus altitude-adjusted) 6 h tenth percentile minimum ambient temperatures.State Jan Feb March Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov DecAlabama 2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2AlaskaSouthern
