1、Designation: D5798 15D5798 17Standard Specification forEthanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specificati
3、on covers the requirements for automotive fuel blends of ethanol and gasoline for use in ground vehiclesequipped with ethanol fuel blend flexible-fuel spark-ignition engines. Fuel produced to this specification contains 5151 % to 8383 % by volume % ethanol. This fuel is for use in flexible-fuel vehi
4、cles and is sometimes referred to at retail as “EthanolFlex-Fuel.” Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the properties specified.1.2 The vapor pressure of ethanol fuel blends is varied for seasonal climatic changes. Vapor pressure is increased at lowertemperatures to ensure adequate flexible-fu
5、el vehicle operability. Ethanol content and selection of hydrocarbon blendstock areadjusted by the blender to meet these vapor pressure requirements.1.3 This specification formerly covered Fuel Ethanol (Ed70-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines, also knowncommercially as E85. The nomenclature
6、 “fuel ethanol” has been changed to “ethanol fuel blends” to distinguish this product fromdenatured fuel ethanol Specification D4806. To facilitate blending of ethanol fuel blends that meet seasonal vapor pressurerequirements, a new lower minimum ethanol content has been established.1.4 The United S
7、tates government has established various programs for alternative fuels. Many of the definitions of alternativefuel used by these programs may be more restrictive than the requirements of this specification. See 4.1.2.1 for additionalinformation on alternative fuels containing ethanol.1.5 The values
8、 stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5.1 ExceptionThe values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, 8.1.8, of this specification. This
9、 standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international st
10、andard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Re
11、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD525 Test Method f
12、or Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedProductsD1688 Test Methods for Copper in WaterD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline1 This specification is unde
13、r the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015July 1, 2017. Published October 2015July 2017. Originally approved in 1
14、996. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asD5798 14.D5798 15. DOI: 10.1520/D5798-15.10.1520/D5798-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the stand
15、ards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accuratel
16、y, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
17、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4306 Practice
18、for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use asAutomotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of
19、Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Me
20、thod for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20% Ethanol by GasChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Bl
21、endsD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-EthanolBlends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in
22、 Fuel Ethanol and Butanol byDirect Injection Suppressed Ion ChromatographyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanolby Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample InjectionD7667 Test Method for Determination of Corrosivene
23、ss to Silver byAutomotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelThin Silver StripMethodD7671 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Silver by Automotive SparkIgnition Engine FuelSilver Strip MethodD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by MonochromaticWavelength Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSp
24、ectrometryD7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by TitrationD7923 Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Blends by Karl Fischer TitrationE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer TitrationE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Kar
25、l Fischer Titration2.2 Government Standards:3United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 802.3 SAE Papers:4SAE 2007014006 A Model for Estimating Vapor Pressures of Commingled Ethanol Fuels3. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denatu
26、rants, nmaterials added to ethanol to make it unsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materials added by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula; any materials
27、absorbed laterare not denaturants. D48063.2.2 denatured fuel ethanolfuel ethanol made unfit for beverage use by the addition of denaturants under formula(s) approvedby the applicable regulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax. D48063.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical
28、 compound C2H5OH. D48063.2.4 finished fuel, nhomogeneous mixture of blendstocks and fuel additives meeting all specification and regulatoryrequirements for its intended use at the location where sold.3.2.5 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of ad
29、ditives, suitable for useas a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines. D48143.2.6 hydrocarbon, na compound composed solely of hydrogen and carbon.3 A printed copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 73
30、2 N. Capitol Street,N.W., Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/bookstore.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online athttp:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.4 Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, ht
31、tp:/www.sae.org.D5798 1723.2.7 methanol, nmethyl alcohol, the chemical compound CH3OH.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 flexible-fuel vehicle, na vehicle designed to operate on either unleaded gasoline or ethanol fuel blends or mixtures ofboth.3.3.1.1 DiscussionIn the United S
32、tates, these vehicles have U.S. EPA emissions certifications using gasoline complying with U.S. EPA requirementsand ethanol fuel blends that meet the requirements of Specification D5798.3.3.2 hydrocarbon blendstock, na blending component composed of hydrocarbons which boil in the gasoline temperatur
33、edistillation range and trace amounts of naturally occurring compounds or additives composed of hydrogen, carbon, and otherelements such as sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen.3.3.3 pHe, na measure of the acid strength of alcohol fuels.4. Ordering Information4.1 The purchasing agency shall:4.1.1 Indicate th
34、e season and locality in which the fuel is to be used,4.1.2 If requested, ensure that the ethanol concentration meets the requirements for an alternative fuel for federal fleets.4.1.2.1 The composition of alternative fuels in the United States is regulated by various government agencies and regulati
35、onsincluding the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA). With regard to fuel propertiesincluding volatility, this specification can be more or less restrictive than DOE or EPA rules, regulations and waivers. To qualifyas an alternative fuel for federal fleet us
36、e in the United States, the ethanol blend is required to meet the U.S. Department ofEnergys definition of alternative fuels, enacted under the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (Title III, Sec. 301). For ethanol, the Actdefines “alternative fuel” as a mixture containing denatured ethanol at a volume of “85
37、percent or more (or such other percentage,but not less than 70 percent, as determined by the Secretary, by rule.).” Correcting for denaturant content, a blend of 70 to 85volume % denatured fuel ethanol contains 6868 % to 83 volume % ethanol as measured by Test Method D5501. The U.S.government has ot
38、her programs and definitions for alternative fuels.4.1.2.2 Users of this specification are advised to check with the applicable regulatory agency for specific alternative fuelrequirements.5. Ethanol Fuel Blends Performance Requirements5.1 Ethanol Fuel Blends shall conform to the requirements of Tabl
39、e 1.5.1.1 The components used to produce Ethanol Fuel Blends are limited to denatured fuel ethanol and hydrocarbon blendstockas defined in 5.2.5.1.2 The intentional addition of lead or phosphorus compounds to ethanol fuel blends is not permitted.TABLE 1 Requirements for Ethanol Fuel BlendsAPropertie
40、s Class 1B Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Test MethodsVapor pressure, kPa (psi) 3862(5.59.0)4865(7.09.5)5983(8.512.0)66103(9.515.0)D4953 or D5191All ClassesCEthanol Content, volume % 5183 D5501Water Content, max, mass % 1.0 E203 or E1064Water Content, max, mass % 1.0 E203, E1064, orD7923Methanol Content, m
41、ax, volume % 0.5 D5501Sulfur Content, max, mg/kg 80 D5453 or D7039Acidity, (as acetic acid CH3COOH),mass % (mg/L) mg/kg, max0.005 (40) 50 D1613 or D7795Solvent-washed gum content,max, mg/100 mL5 D381Unwashed gum content, max,mg/100 mL20 D381pHe 6.5 to 9.0 D6423Inorganic chloride content, max,mg/kg1
42、D7319 or D7328Copper content, max, mg/L 0.07 D1688A For information on alternative fuels, see 4.1.2.1.B See 5.3.1 for volatility class criteria.C Ethanol content and selection of hydrocarbon blendstock are adjusted by the blender to meet vapor pressure requirements. See X1.3.2 for additional informa
43、tion andguidance for blending.D5798 1735.2 Hydrocarbon Blendstock blended with the denatured fuel ethanol shall meet the requirements of Table 2.5.2.1 The hydrocarbon blendstock may be unleaded gasoline, gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (BOB), naturalgasoline or other hydrocarbons in the g
44、asoline boiling range.5.3 Vapor pressure is varied for seasonal and climatic changes by providing four vapor pressure classes for ethanol fuel blends.5.3.1 Class 1 encompasses geographical areas with 6-hour tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature of greater than 5 C(41 F).5.3.2 Class 2 encompas
45、ses geographical areas with 6-hour tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature of greater than 5 C(23 F) but less than or equal to 5 C (41F).5.3.3 Class 3 encompasses geographical areas with 6-hour tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature greater than 13 C(9 F) but less than or equal to 5 C (23
46、F).5.3.4 Class 4 encompasses geographical areas with 6-hour tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature less than or equal to13 C (9 F).5.3.5 There is a 10 % probability that the highest temperature of the six coldest consecutive hourly temperature readings of a24 h day will be colder than the 6 h
47、tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature.5.3.6 See 5.4.4 and 5.5.2 for seasonal and geographical distributions.5.4 Regulatory and Other Requirements in the United States:5.4.1 Ethanol content requirements for ethanol alternative fuel blends can be found in 4.1.2.1.5.4.2 The denaturant for the de
48、natured fuel ethanol used in making ethanol fuel blends shall meet the requirements of Section5 in Specification D4806.5.4.3 Ethanol fuel blends of any volatility class shall meet certain U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) regulations forunleaded gasoline. See Appendix X2.5.4.4 The United Sta
49、tes seasonal and geographical distribution for the four vapor pressure classes is shown in Table 3.5.5 Regulatory and Other Requirements Outside the United States:5.5.1 Users of this specification are advised to consult with the applicable regulatory agency for specific requirements for theirjurisdictions.5.5.2 Users of the specification in geographical areas outside the United States need to determine the 6-hour tenth percentileminimum ambient temperatures for their geographic areas and times of year in order to select the ap
