1、Designation: D5800 15D5800 15aStandard Test Method forEvaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by the Noack Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5800; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers three procedures for determining the evaporation loss of lubricating oils (particularly engine
3、 oils).Procedure A uses the Noack evaporative tester equipment; Procedure B uses the automated non-Woods metal Noack evaporativeapparatus; and Procedure C uses Selby-Noack volatility test equipment. The test method relates to one set of operating conditionsbut may be readily adapted to other conditi
4、ons when required.1.2 Noack results determined using Procedures A and B show consistent differences. Procedure A gives slightly lower resultsversus Procedure B on formulated engine oils, while Procedure A gives higher results versus Procedure B on basestocks.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to
5、be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices an
6、d determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Qualit
7、y Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-ment System PerformanceD6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants2.2 DIN Standards:3DIN 1725 Specification for Aluminum AlloysDIN 12785 Specificat
8、ions for Glass Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 evaporation lossof a lubricating oil by the Noack method, that mass of volatile oil vapors lost when the oil is heatedin a test crucible through which a constant flow of air is drawn.3.1.2 volatility, n
9、the tendency of a liquid to form a vapor.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A measured quantity of sample is placed in an evaporation crucible or reaction flask that is then heated to 250 C with aconstant flow of air drawn through it for 60 min. The loss in mass of the oil is determined.4.2 Interlaborator
10、y tests have shown that Procedure A, Procedure B, and Procedure C yield essentially equivalent results, witha correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.996. See the research report for the Selby-Noack interlaboratory study.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Produc
11、ts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.Current edition approved April 1, 2015July 1, 2015. Published April 2015July 2015. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asD5800 14D580
12、0 15.2. DOI: 10.1520/D5800-15.10.1520/D5800-15A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available f
13、rom Deutsches Institut fr Normunge, Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafen Strasse 6, 1000 Berlin 30, Germany.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technical
14、ly possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this stan
15、dardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 The evaporation loss is of particular importance in engine lubrication. Where high temperatures occur, portions of an oil canevaporate.5.2 Evaporation may
16、contribute to oil consumption in an engine and can lead to a change in the properties of an oil.5.3 Many engine manufacturers specify a maximum allowable evaporation loss.5.4 Some engine manufacturers, when specifying a maximum allowable evaporation loss, quote this test method along with thespecifi
17、cations.5.5 Procedure C, using the Selby-Noack apparatus, also permits collection of the volatile oil vapors for determination of theirphysical and chemical properties. Elemental analysis of the collected volatiles may be helpful in identifying components such asphosphorous, which has been linked to
18、 premature degradation of the emission system catalyst.Procedure A6. Apparatus6.1 Noack Evaporative Tester, comprising the following:6.1.1 Electrically Heated Block Unit, made from a malleable aluminum alloy (see DIN 1725, Sheet 1), insulated at the jacketand base against loss of heat. (WarningThis
19、block is heated to 250 C.) The block is heated electrically by a base and jacketheater, having a total power consumption of 1 kW to 1.2 kW. In this respect the difference between both individual powerconsumption should not exceed 0.15 kW. In the center of the heating block, there is a circular reces
20、s to insert the evaporatingcrucible, the space between block and crucible being filled with Woods alloy or a suitable equivalent. Two catches on the blockprevent the crucible from rising in the liquid metal bath. Two additional circular recesses at equal intervals from the center of theblock are pro
21、vided for the thermometers (see Fig. 1).6.1.2 Evaporating Crucible, with screw cover. The crucible is made of stainless steel (see Fig. 2).Above the support ring is thethread for the cover. The nickel-plated brass cover is hermetically sealed to the crucible by an internal conical sealing surface (s
22、eeFig. 3). Three nozzles of hardened steel permit the air stream to pass through the cover. The extraction tube, which slopesdownward, leads from a threaded and sealed connection in the center of the cover.6.2 Balance, capable of weighing at least 200 g to the nearest 0.01 g.6.3 Crucible Clamp and S
23、panner.6.4 Reamer, 2 mm diameter.6.5 Ball Bearing, 3.5 mm diameter.6.6 Thermometer, M260 (see DIN 12785) or temperature sensing device capable of reading temperature to 0.1 C. Thethermometer should be calibrated with appropriate procedure at appropriate frequency (generally every six months).6.7 Con
24、tact Type Control Thermometer (for manual).6.8 Glass Y-piece, an internal diameter of 4 mm. The upright arms, each 45 mm long, should form an angle such that the armconnected to the crucible extraction tube and the Y-piece form a straight line. The vertical arm is 60 mm long and beveled at 45.6.9 Gl
25、ass Delivery Tubes, an internal diameter of 4 mm, each arm length 100 mm, beveled at 45 at ends entering and leavingthe bottles.6.9.1 Bent at an angle of approximately 80.6.9.2 Bent at an angle of approximately 100, length to 20 mm of bottle base.6.9.3 Bent at an angle of approximately 90.6.10 Two G
26、lass Bottles, approximately 2 L capacity, fitted with rubber bungs bored to receive inlet and outlet tubes (see Fig.4).6.11 Manometer, inclined form, water-filled, precision 0.2 mm H2O or suitable pressure sensor capable of measuring 20 mm 60.2 mm of H2O (a 0 mm to 50 mm H2O pressure transducer has
27、been found to be satisfactory).NOTE 1Some manometers use water as the reference fluid, others may use a lower density fluid correlated to read in millimetres of water. Usersshould ensure that the manometer is filled with the correct density reference fluid.6.12 Glass T-Piece, with bleed valve attach
28、ed.6.13 Vacuum Pump.6.14 Timer, with accuracy of 0.2 s.6.15 Silicone Rubber Tubing, cut to size, with an internal diameter of 4 mm.6.15.1 40 mm long; three pieces required,D5800 15a2NOTE 1All dimensions in millilitres.D5800 15a36.15.2 300 mm long, and6.15.3 100 mm long.NOTE 2The use of automated equ
29、ipment is permissible as long as it gives equivalent results specified in this test method. All hardware dimensions,make-up of the block, crucible, heat capacity, and so forth, and glassware must conform to the specifications given in this test method.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Cleaning SolventA m
30、ixture of naphtha and toluene is recommended for the cleaning of the crucible. (WarningFlammable, vapor harmful.) Overnight soaking may be necessary.7.2 Oils having a known evaporative loss, the value of which is provided by the oil supplier. Some examples of such oils includeRL-N, RL 172, and RL 22
31、3, supplied by CEC. Other oils supplied by other vendors may also be used.7.3 Insulated Gloves.7.4 Paint Brush, such as a tinnerps acid brush (15 mm to 25 mm width).7.5 Woods Metal4 or Suitable Heat Transfer Material(WarningWoods metal contains lead (25 %), bismuth (50 %),antimony (12.5 %), and cadm
32、ium (12.5 %); these have been found to be health hazardous. Avoid contact with skin at all times.)8. Hazards8.1 Safety HazardsIt is assumed that anyone using this test method will either be fully trained and familiar with all normallaboratory practices, or will be under the direct supervision of suc
33、h a person. It is the responsibility of the operator to ensure thatall local legislative and statutory requirements are met.4 The sole source of supply of Woods metal known to the committee at this time is Sigma-Aldrich, Customer Support, P.O. Box 14508, St. Louis, MO 63178. If you areaware of alter
34、native suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.FIG. 1 Heating BlockNOTE 1All dimensions in millilitres.FIG. 2 CrucibleD5800 15a48.2 (Warni
35、ngThough the test method calls for a draft-free area, the exhaust fumes from the evaporating oil must be ventilatedto an outside source. Precaution shall be taken to avoid any possibility of fire or explosion.)NOTE 1All dimensions in millilitres.FIG. 3 CoverFIG. 4 GlasswareD5800 15a5NOTE 3One way to
36、 achieve a draft-free environment and greater safety in operation for the instruments used in this test method is described inAppendix X3.8.3 An alternate means for preventing draft described in Appendix X3 was not used in the development of the test methodprecision statement.9. Preparation of Appar
37、atus9.1 A standard assembly of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 5. To avoid disturbing the thermal equilibrium, the apparatus shallbe assembled in a draftfree area and comply with Fig. 5 in dimensions and apparatus. (See 8.2.)9.2 Add sufficient Woods metal or equivalent material to the recesses of the
38、 heating block so that, with the crucible andthermometer in place, the remaining spaces will be filled with the molten metal.9.3 Using the highest heating rate possible, raise the temperature of the heating block until the Woods metal is molten. Insertthe thermometers with their bulbs touching the b
39、ottom of the recesses, and ensure that the contact thermometer is plugged in theback of the heating block. Adjust the power supplied to the heating block so that the temperature can be maintained at 250 C 60.5 C.9.4 Assemble the remaining apparatus, less the crucible, as shown in Fig. 5.9.5 Place an
40、 empty crucible in the heating block, securing the flange under the screw heads against the buoyancy of the Woodsmetal. The level of the molten metal should be such that a trace of it can be seen at the flange of the crucible and the top of theheating block.9.6 Check that the readings can be obtaine
41、d on the manometer scale, or other measuring device, by connecting the crucible tothe assembled apparatus. A reading of 20.0 mm 6 0.2 mm shall be obtained.9.7 Disconnect and remove the crucible from the assembled apparatus.9.8 Switch off the pump and the heating block and raise the crucible and the
42、thermometers from the molten Woods metal. Usingthe brush, return any Woods metal clinging to the crucible to the heating block.9.9 Clean the Y-piece and glass tubing to prevent a build up of condensate.FIG. 5 Test ApparatusD5800 15a610. Verification10.1 Switch on the pump and the heating block and e
43、nsure that the apparatus is assembled, minus the crucible, as shown in Fig.5.10.2 Check that the crucible and cover are free from lacquer.10.2.1 After every test, clean the crucible and cover with solvent and allow to dry. Stubborn lacquer can be cleaned by abrasionfrom a glass beader under pressure
44、.10.3 Pass the reamer through each of the three nozzles in the cover to ensure that they are clear. (WarningUsing a reamerwith a diameter larger than 2 mm can enlarge the nozzles. This can lead to higher losses because of increased air flow.)10.4 Run the ball bearing through the extraction tube to e
45、nsure that it is clear of dirt.10.5 Weigh the empty crucible without its cover to the nearest 0.01 g.10.6 Weigh into the crucible 65.0 g 6 0.1 g of the Reference Oil.10.7 Screw on the cover using the clamp and spanner.10.8 Ensure the temperature of the heating block is at 250 C 6 0.5 C. Place the cr
46、ucible in its recess in the heating block,securing the flange under the screw heads against the buoyancy of the Woods metal. Switch the control of the heating block tocompensate for the heat capacity of the crucible. Immediately (in less than 5 s), connect the extraction tube of the crucible to thea
47、rm of the glass Y-piece, making a butt joint. Simultaneously, start the pump and the stopwatch and adjust the bleed valve to givea pressure differential of 20 mm 6 0.2 mm.NOTE 4When the crucible is in the test position, its flange should be flush with the top of the heating block. Any protrusion of
48、the crucible flangeabove the heating block may suggest a buildup of Woods metal slag at the bottom of the heating block recess. The heating block and the thermometerrecesses should be cleaned and the Woods metal replaced on a regular basis to avoid the accumulation of slag. Oxidized Woods metal will
49、 affect the heattransfer to the crucible and hence may have a deleterious effect on the results obtained.10.9 Adjust the control on the heating block to maintain the block temperature approximately 5 C below the test temperature.Readjust the temperature control so that the test temperature is reestablished within 3 min of the start of the test.NOTE 5Temperature and pressure will be controlled automatically when automated equipment is used.10.10 At the start of the test, constant attention shall be paid to maintaining the correct pressure
