1、Designation: D5800 18aStandard Test Method forEvaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by the Noack Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5800; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers four procedures for determiningthe evaporation loss of lubricating oils (particularly engineoils). Pro
3、cedure A uses the Noack evaporative tester equip-ment; Procedure B uses the automated non-Woods metalNoack evaporative apparatus; Procedure C uses Selby-Noackvolatility test equipment, and Procedure D uses the Noack S2test equipment. The test method relates to one set of operatingconditions but may
4、be readily adapted to other conditions whenrequired.1.2 Noack results determined using Procedures A and Cprovide equivalent results and Procedures B and D provideequivalent results. However, A/C compared to B/D showconsistent differences. Procedure A/C give slightly lowerresults versus Procedure B/D
5、 on formulated engine oils, whileProcedure A/C give higher results versus Procedure B/D onbasestocks.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if
6、 any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internat
7、ionally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Pr
8、actice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceD6300 Practice for Determi
9、nation of Precision and BiasData for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products andLubricants2.2 DIN Standards:3DIN 1725 Specification for Aluminum AlloysDIN 12785 Specifications for Glass Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 evaporation lossof a lubrica
10、ting oil by the Noackmethod, that mass of volatile oil vapors lost when the oil isheated in a test crucible through which a constant flow of air isdrawn.3.1.2 volatility, nthe tendency of a liquid to form a vapor.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A measured quantity of sample is placed in an evapo-ration
11、 crucible or reaction flask that is then heated to 250 Cwith a constant flow of air drawn through it for 60 min. Theloss in mass of the oil is determined.4.2 Interlaboratory tests have shown that Procedure A,Procedure B, and Procedure C yield essentially equivalent1This test method is under the juri
12、sdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.Current edition approved June 15, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approve
13、d in 2018 as D5800 18. DOI:10.1520/D5800-18A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from
14、Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V.(DIN), Am DIN-Platz,Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http:/www.din.de.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis in
15、ternational standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
16、Committee.1results, with a correlation coefficient of R2= 0.996. See theresearch report for the Selby-Noack interlaboratory study.5. Significance and Use5.1 The evaporation loss is of particular importance inengine lubrication. Where high temperatures occur, portions ofan oil can evaporate.5.2 Evapo
17、ration may contribute to oil consumption in anengine and can lead to a change in the properties of an oil.5.3 Many engine manufacturers specify a maximum allow-able evaporation loss.5.4 Some engine manufacturers, when specifying a maxi-mum allowable evaporation loss, quote this test method alongwith
18、 the specifications.5.5 Procedure C, using the Selby-Noack apparatus, alsopermits collection of the volatile oil vapors for determinationof their physical and chemical properties. Elemental analysis ofthe collected volatiles may be helpful in identifying compo-nents such as phosphorous, which has be
19、en linked to prematuredegradation of the emission system catalyst.Procedure AWoods Metal Apparatus6. Apparatus6.1 Noack Evaporative Tester, comprising the following:6.1.1 Electrically Heated Block Unit, made from a mal-leable aluminum alloy (see DIN 1725, Sheet 1), insulated at thejacket and base ag
20、ainst loss of heat. (WarningThis block isheated to 250 C.) The block is heated electrically by a baseand jacket heater, having a total power consumption of 1 kW to1.2 kW. In this respect the difference between both individualpower consumption should not exceed 0.15 kW. In the centerof the heating bl
21、ock, there is a circular recess to insert theevaporating crucible, the space between block and cruciblebeing filled with Woods alloy or a suitable equivalent. Twocatches on the block prevent the crucible from rising in theliquid metal bath. Two additional circular recesses at equalintervals from the
22、 center of the block are provided for thethermometers (see Fig. 1).6.1.2 Evaporating Crucible, with screw cover. The crucibleis made of stainless steel (see Fig. 2). Above the support ringis the thread for the cover. The nickel-plated brass cover ishermetically sealed to the crucible by an internal
23、conicalsealing surface (see Fig. 3). Three nozzles of hardened steelpermit the air stream to pass through the cover. The extractiontube, which slopes downward, leads from a threaded and sealedconnection in the center of the cover.6.2 Balance, capable of weighing at least 200 g to thenearest 0.01 g.6
24、.3 Crucible Clamp and Spanner.6.4 Reamer, 2 mm diameter.6.5 Ball Bearing, 3.5 mm diameter.6.6 Thermometer, M260 (see DIN 12785) or temperaturesensing device capable of reading temperature to 0.1 C. Thethermometer should be calibrated with appropriate procedureat appropriate frequency (generally ever
25、y six months).6.7 Contact-Type Control Thermometer (for manual).6.8 Glass Y-piece, an internal diameter of 4 mm. Theupright arms, each 45 mm long, should form an angle such thatthe arm connected to the crucible extraction tube and theY-piece form a straight line. The vertical arm is 60 mm longand be
26、veled at 45.6.9 Glass Delivery Tubes, an internal diameter of 4 mm,each arm length 100 mm, beveled at 45 at ends entering andleaving the bottles.6.9.1 Bent at an angle of approximately 80.6.9.2 Bent at an angle of approximately 100, length to20 mm of bottle base.6.9.3 Bent at an angle of approximate
27、ly 90.6.10 Two Glass Bottles, approximately 2 L capacity, fittedwith rubber bungs bored to receive inlet and outlet tubes (seeFig. 4).6.11 Manometer, inclined form, water-filled, precision0.2 mm H2O or suitable pressure sensor capable of measuring20 mm 6 0.2 mm of H2O (a 0 mm to 50 mm H2O pressuretr
28、ansducer has been found to be satisfactory).NOTE 1Some manometers use water as the reference fluid, others mayuse a lower density fluid correlated to read in millimetres of water. Usersshould ensure that the manometer is filled with the correct densityreference fluid.6.12 Glass T-Piece, with bleed v
29、alve attached.6.13 Vacuum Pump.6.14 Timer, with accuracy of 0.2 s.6.15 Silicone Rubber Tubing, cut to size, with an internaldiameter of 4 mm.6.15.1 40 mm long; three pieces required,6.15.2 300 mm long, and6.15.3 100 mm long.NOTE 2The use of automated equipment is permissible as long as itgives equiv
30、alent results specified in this test method. All hardwaredimensions, make-up of the block, crucible, heat capacity, and so forth,and glassware must conform to the specifications given in this testmethod.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Cleaning SolventA mixture of naphtha and toluene isrecommended for t
31、he cleaning of the crucible. (WarningFlammable, vapor harmful.) Overnight soaking may be neces-sary.7.2 Oils having a known evaporative loss, the value ofwhich is provided by the oil supplier. Some examples of suchoils include RL-N, RL 172, and RL 223, supplied by CEC.Other oils supplied by other ve
32、ndors may also be used.7.3 Insulated Gloves.7.4 Paint Brush, such as a tinnerps acid brush (15 mm to25 mm width).D5800 18a2NOTE 1All dimensions in millilitres.FIG. 1 Heating BlockD5800 18a37.5 Woods Metal4or Suitable Heat Transfer Material(WarningWoods metal contains lead (25 %), bismuth(50 %), anti
33、mony (12.5 %), and cadmium (12.5 %); these havebeen found to be health hazardous. Avoid contact with skin atall times.)8. Hazards8.1 Safety HazardsIt is assumed that anyone using thistest method will either be fully trained and familiar with allnormal laboratory practices, or will be under the direc
34、t super-vision of such a person. It is the responsibility of the operatorto ensure that all local legislative and statutory requirementsare met.8.2 (WarningThough the test method calls for a draft-free area, the exhaust fumes from the evaporating oil must beventilated to an outside source. Precautio
35、n shall be taken toavoid any possibility of fire or explosion.)NOTE 3One way to achieve a draft-free environment and greatersafety in operation for the instruments used in this test method is describedin Appendix X3.8.3 An alternate means for preventing draft described inAppendix X3 was not used in
36、the development of the testmethod precision statement.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Astandard assembly of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 5.To avoid disturbing the thermal equilibrium, the apparatusshall be assembled in a draftfree area and comply with Fig. 5in dimensions and apparatus. (See 8.2.)9.
37、2 Add sufficient Woods metal or equivalent material to therecesses of the heating block so that, with the crucible andthermometer in place, the remaining spaces will be filled withthe molten metal.9.3 Using the highest heating rate possible, raise the tem-perature of the heating block until the Wood
38、s metal is molten.Insert the thermometers with their bulbs touching the bottom ofthe recesses, and ensure that the contact thermometer isplugged in the back of the heating block. Adjust the powersupplied to the heating block so that the temperature can bemaintained at 250 C 6 0.5 C.9.4 Assemble the
39、remaining apparatus, less the crucible, asshown in Fig. 5.9.5 Place an empty crucible in the heating block, securingthe flange under the screw heads against the buoyancy of the4The sole source of supply of Woods metal known to the committee at this timeis Sigma-Aldrich, Customer Support, P.O. Box 14
40、508, St. Louis, MO 63178. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.NOTE 1All dimensions in millilitres.FIG. 2
41、CrucibleNOTE 1All dimensions in millilitres.FIG. 3 CoverD5800 18a4Woods metal. The level of the molten metal should be such thata trace of it can be seen at the flange of the crucible and the topof the heating block.9.6 Check that the readings can be obtained on the manom-eter scale, or other measur
42、ing device, by connecting thecrucible to the assembled apparatus. A reading of 20.0 mm 60.2 mm shall be obtained.9.7 Disconnect and remove the crucible from the assembledapparatus.9.8 Switch off the pump and the heating block and raise thecrucible and the thermometers from the molten Woods metal.Usi
43、ng the brush, return any Woods metal clinging to thecrucible to the heating block.9.9 Clean the Y-piece and glass tubing to prevent a build-upof condensate.10. Verification10.1 Switch on the pump and the heating block and ensurethat the apparatus is assembled, minus the crucible, as shownin Fig. 5.1
44、0.2 Check that the crucible and cover are free from lacquer.10.2.1 After every test, clean the crucible and cover withsolvent and allow to dry. Stubborn lacquer can be cleaned byabrasion from a glass beader under pressure.10.3 Pass the reamer through each of the three nozzles in thecover to ensure t
45、hat they are clear. (WarningUsing a reamerwith a diameter larger than 2 mm can enlarge the nozzles. Thiscan lead to higher losses because of increased air flow.)10.4 Run the ball bearing through the extraction tube toensure that it is clear of dirt.10.5 Weigh the empty crucible without its cover to
46、thenearest 0.01 g.10.6 Weigh into the crucible 65.0 g 6 0.1 g of the referenceoil.10.7 Screw on the cover using the clamp and spanner.10.8 Ensure the temperature of the heating block is at250 C 6 0.5 C. Place the crucible in its recess in the heatingblock, securing the flange under the screw heads a
47、gainst thebuoyancy of theWoods metal. Switch the control of the heatingblock to compensate for the heat capacity of the crucible.Immediately (in less than 5 s), connect the extraction tube ofthe crucible to the arm of the glassY-piece, making a butt joint.Simultaneously, start the pump and the stopw
48、atch and adjustthe bleed valve to give a pressure differential of 20 mm 60.2 mm.NOTE 4When the crucible is in the test position, its flange should beflush with the top of the heating block. Any protrusion of the crucibleflange above the heating block may suggest a buildup of Woods metal slagat the b
49、ottom of the heating block recess. The heating block and thethermometer recesses should be cleaned and the Woods metal replaced ona regular basis to avoid the accumulation of slag. Oxidized Woods metalwill affect the heat transfer to the crucible and hence may have adeleterious effect on the results obtained.10.9 Adjust the control on the heating block to maintain theblock temperature approximately 5 C below the test tempera-ture. Readjust the temperature control so that the test tempera-ture is reestablished within 3 min of the start of the tes
