1、Designation: D5823 13Standard Test Method forTuft Height of Pile Floor Coverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of tuft heightusing a grooved specimen holder. It applies to cut-pile andloop-pile floor covering after adh
3、esive backing has beenapplied to bond the pile yarn to the backing fabric.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This st
4、andard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1
5、 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD1909 Standard Table of Commercial Moisture Regains forTextile FibersD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precis
6、ion, the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to Pile Floor Coverings,D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:finished, finished pile yarn floor covering, floor covering, levelpile, loop pile y
7、arn floor covering, pile, pile yarn floorcovering, textile floor covering, tuft height, tuft leg, tuftedfabric.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles see Termi-nology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 For cut pile floor covering, individual tuft leg specimensof like character (either cut
8、or loop and of uniform height) arecut as closely as possible to the surface of the backing of a pilefloor covering sample and placed, one at a time, in a groovedspecimen holder that maintains the tuft yarn in a straight linewhile the length of the tuft leg is measured using a graduatedscale and a ma
9、gnifying glass.4.2 For loop pile floor covering, the two tuft legs formingthe loop are each severed from the adjacent binding sites at thebacking surface to provide a specimen of twice the tuft heightand the length measured as in 4.1.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful in quality a
10、nd cost controlduring the manufacture of pile yarn floor covering. Bothappearance and performance can be affected by changes in thetuft height.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the pu
11、rchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isa statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogeneous
12、as possible and are from alot of material of the type in question. The test specimensshould then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to eachlaboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probability l
13、evel chosen by thetwo parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either itscause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results in view of theknown bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Grooved Specimen Holder, having a length at least 10 %longer th
14、an the longest tuft element to be measured.6.1.1 Specimen Holder, 4-in. (100-mm) long, has beenfound satisfactory for this purpose.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current editi
15、on approved July 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D582305a. DOI:10.1520/D5823-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStand
16、ards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.1.2 The grooves shall have a V-shaped cross-section witha 1.05 rad (60) angle at the bottom and
17、 widths across the topto accommodate several size yarns as follows:Yarn Bulk Groove WidthsCoarse 0.18 in. (4.6 mm)Medium 0.13 in. (3.3 mm)Fine 0.08 in. (2.0 mm)6.1.3 Additional grooves of intermediate width may also beused.6.2 Tuft Cutting Device, blade capable of cutting tuft per-pendicular with th
18、e primary backing so as to permit cutting atthe back surface.6.3 Graduated Scale, clear or opaque, measuring to thenearest 0.01 in. (0.5 mm).6.4 Magnifying Glass, 5 magnification.6.5 Cover Plates, clear plastic or glass.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleThe basic sampling unit of coated floorcovering is a sh
19、ipping roll. The number of shipping rollsobtained from each production roll ranges from one to morethan ten.7.1.1 Take a lot sample as directed in Practice E122 whenstatistical knowledge of the product variability and test methodprecision is available, and decision has been made on themaximum deviat
20、ion that can be tolerated between the estimateto be made from the sample and the result that would beobtained by measuring every sampling unit of the lot.Otherwise, the number of sampling units in a lot sample andthe use of the test results obtained from the individual testsample shall be in accorda
21、nce with the manufacturers qualitycontrol program or with the specification agreed to by thepurchaser and the supplier.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor acceptance testing, take asample from each laboratory sampling unit that is full width byat least 4 in. (100 mm) longer than the strip samples requiredfor t
22、he test. Do not cut a lab sample of coated floor coveringfrom a seam end of a production roll.7.3 Test SampleAtest sample is a designated area of a labsample that may be marked on or cut from the lab sample. Forlab samples 120 in. (3000 mm) wide or wider, take three testsamples, one at each edge no
23、nearer to the edge than 5 % of thetotal floor covering width, and one in the middle portion of thelab sample. For lab samples at least 60 in. (1500 mm) wide butless than 120 in. (3000 mm), take two test samples, one at eachedge no nearer to the edge than 5 % of the total floor coveringwidth. For lab
24、 samples less than 60 in. (1500 mm) wide, onlyone test sample in the middle of the width is required.7.3.1 Where it is known that systematic variations in a floorcovering characteristic may occur in bands 18 in. (0.5 m) ormore in width, as with modular pattern devices having separatecontrols or adju
25、stments for each module, or individual needlecontrol, take test samples from the middle of each band and inthe same area of the pattern.7.3.2 When a full width lab sample is not available, take atest sample as directed in 7.3 and state in the report the widthavailable and the number of test specimen
26、s taken.7.4 Strip Sample From each test sample, take a stripsample approximately 2.5 by 10 in. (63 by 250 mm), with thelonger dimension parallel to the manufacturing direction.7.5 Test Specimens Test 10 tufts from each strip sample.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition and maintain the strip samples in the s
27、tandardatmosphere for testing textiles, as specified in Practice D1776,for4horuntil the mass changes no more than 0.1 % in 2 h.8.2 If the fiber in any layer of the backing has a commercialregain of more than 5 %, the strip sample shall be conditionedbefore measuring. Commercial moisture regains for
28、textilefibers are listed in the Table in D1909.9. Procedure9.1 Cut ten tuft legs of each kind of tuft, cut or loop, to bemeasured from the strip samples. Choose the tuft legs to takea nearly equal number of tuft legs of each kind from each stripsample. Sever the leg of each selected tuft leg or loop
29、 as closeto the backing surface as possible.9.2 Select the groove of the specimen holder appropriate tothe tuft element yarn diameter.9.2.1 The groove is of appropriate size if the bend in themiddle of the tuft element is substantially removed when thegraduated scale or cover plate is placed over th
30、e yarn in thegroove. The groove is too small if the fibers of the tuft elementspread beyond the edge of the groove and hold the cover plateabove the specimen holder surface. A deflection of the tuftelement from straightness of as much as 0.04 in. (1 mm) willnot significantly affect the measured tuft
31、 length.9.3 Place the extended tuft element in the groove.9.3.1 If a clear graduated scale is used, cover the groovewith the graduations directly over the yarn in the groove andalign the zero graduation with one end of the tuft element.9.3.1.1 If the end of the tuft element is not cut squarely,visua
32、lly select a location for measuring that is midway betweenthe extremes of the cut.9.3.2 If an opaque scale is used, place the scale along oneedge of the groove and the clear cover plate above the grooveabutting the scale. Align the zero graduation with one end ofthe tuft element.9.4 Center the magni
33、fying glass immediately above the tuftelement to avoid parallax. Read the graduated scale at theopposite end of the tuft element and record to the nearest 0.01in. (0.5 mm).9.5 Repeat 9.3-9.5 for the remaining tuft elements takenfrom the strip sample.10. Calculations10.1 For each tuft leg, determine
34、the difference between thetwo readings made in Section 9 to obtain the length of theindividual tuft legs.10.2 Average the lengths of each group of ten tuft legs oflike character to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.5 mm) for each stripsample. For cut-pile floor covering, record this as the tuftheight.D5823 13
35、210.2.1 For loop pile floor covering, divide the average tuftleg length obtained in 10.2 by 2, rounding to the nearest 0.01in. (0.5 mm) and record this as the tuft height.10.3 Calculate the average tuft height of like character foreach laboratory sampling unit and for the lot.11. Report11.1 State th
36、at the material was tested as directed in ASTMTest Method D5823 for determining tuft height. Describe thematerial sampled and the method of sampling used.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 Whether the tuft elements were removed from cutpile or loop pile areas of the floor covering, and, in
37、 the case ofmultilevel floor covering, state from which level of pile the tuftelements were removed,11.2.2 The average tuft height for each like character foreach strip sample, laboratory sampling unit, and for the lot.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Interlaboratory Test Datatested in each of five labo-r
38、atories. One operator in each laboratory tested two specimensof each material using Test Method D5823. One of the twospecimens was tested on one day and one specimen was testedon a second day. Analysis of the data was conducted usingstandard statistical practice. The components of variance forTuft H
39、eight expressed as standard deviations are listed in Table1. The material types were:1/10 Gauge Cut Pile1/10 Gauge Cut Pile Graphics12.2 PrecisionFor the components of variance reported inTable 1, two averages of observed values should be consideredsignificantly different at the 95% probability leve
40、l if thedifference equals or exceeds the critical differences listed inTable 2.12.3 BiasThe procedure in Test Method D5823 for mea-suring tuft height has no known bias and may be used as areferee method.13. Keywords13.1 carpet; construction; pile yarn floor covering; tuftheightANNEX(Mandatory Inform
41、ation)A1. CLARIFICATION OF PILE HEIGHT, PILE THICKNESS, AND TUFT HEIGHTA1.1 IntroductionA1.1.1 Confusion sometimes arises in specifying and test-ing pile yarn floor coverings due to the similarity of theterminology describing these distinctly different methods ofmeasuring the height of the pile in r
42、elation to the backing. Eachmethod has a specific purpose and yields different data. Theycannot be compared or interchanged. Problems occur whenspecifications are written using pile height and the testinglaboratory reports pile thickness or tuft height, which may bemore appropriate for the particula
43、r product. Measuring pilethickness or tuft height of a typical loop pile carpet by eitherprocedure will yield a difference in the range of 30 to 40 %from the pile height measurement.A1.2 Pile HeightA1.2.1 Pile height is typically used generically by thelayman and by manufacturing personnel in settin
44、g machinery.A1.2.2 Pile height is measured by inserting a small gradu-ated ruler into the pile down to the backing and reading theoverall height of the pile. This procedure is subject to signifi-cant variability between technicians and is therefore used onlyTABLE 1 Components of Variance fore Tuft H
45、eight as StandardDeviationsMaterial WithinLaboratoryComponentBetweenLaboratoryComponents1/10 GaugeCut Pile0.0000525 0.000113251/10 GaugeCut PileGraphics0.0000525 0.00011325TABLE 2 Critical Differences for Two Averages for the ConditionsNoted, 95% Probability Level, Tuft Height in Inches for Pile Flo
46、orCoveringsSingle Fabric Multiple FabricNumber ofDeterminationsWithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratoryWithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratory1 0.0201 0.0358 0.0201 0.03992 0.0142 0.0327 0.0142 0.03743 0.0116 0.0316 0.0116 0.03635 0.0090 0.0308 0.0090 0.0358D5823 133for rough field work and in machinery settings
47、 during themanufacturing process.A1.3 Pile ThicknessA1.3.1 Pile thickness is a technical term used to describe themeasurement of thickness of pile yarn which can be shearedfrom the backing of a carpet.A1.3.2 Pile thickness is the preferred procedure for preci-sion measurement of loop pile carpets an
48、d of cut pile carpetswith a tuft height of less than 0.25 in. (6.4 mm). Although it ismore complex, it is very repeatable between different techni-cians and laboratories. It involves the use of a thicknessmeasuring instrument which measures thickness of materialsbetween a platen and a circular foot
49、of specified area under aspecified force. In measuring carpet with this device, the totalthickness of pile and backing is measured, the pile shearedaway, and the backing only measured. Pile thickness is thedifference between the two values. The procedure is compli-cated by remaining pile stubble which cannot be sheared. Referto ASTM Test Method D5823.A1.4 Tuft HeightA1.4.1 Tuft height, as described in this test method, is alaboratory procedure which is very repeatable. Ten tufts aresevered from the backing with a cutting device, placed into aV-shaped groove in a specime
