1、Designation: D5842 17Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 8.4Standard Practice forSampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5842; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment forobtaining, mixing, a
3、nd handling representative samples ofvolatile fuels for the purpose of testing for compliance with thestandards set forth for volatility related measurements appli-cable to light fuels.1.2 The applicable dry vapor pressure equivalent range ofthis practice is 13 kPa to 110 kPa (2 psia to 16 psia).1.3
4、 This practice is applicable to the sampling, mixing, andhandling of reformulated fuels including those containingoxygenates. This practice is not applicable to crude oil. For thesampling of crude oil, refer to Practice D4057/API MPMSChapter 8.1, Practice D4177/API MPMS Chapter 8.2, andPractice D800
5、9/API MPMS Chapter 8.5.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard except in some cases where drawings may showinch-pound measurements, which are customary for that equip-ment.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its
6、 use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized princi
7、ples on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Samplin
8、g of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.1)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
9、of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chap-ter 8.3)D7717 Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Dena-tured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Labora-tory AnalysisD8009 Practice for Manual Piston Cylinder Sampling forVolatile Crude Oils, Condensates, and Liquid PetroleumProducts (
10、API MPMS Chapter 8.5)2.2 API Standards:3MPMS Chapter 8.1Practice for Manual Sampling of Pe-troleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)MPMS Chapter 8.2Practice for Automatic Sampling ofPetroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM PracticeD4177)MPMS Chapter 8.3Practice for Mixing and Handling ofLiq
11、uid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products(ASTM Practice D5854)MPMS Chapter 8.5Practice for Manual Piston CylinderSampling for Volatile Crude Oils, Condensates, and Liq-uid Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D8009)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bottom samp
12、le, na sample obtained from the mate-rial at the bottom of the tank, container, or line at its lowestpoint.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on PetroleumMeasurement, and is the direct responsibility
13、 of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ thejoint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer(Joint ASTM-API). This practice has been approved by the sponsoring committeesand accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established proce-dures. This practice was issued as a j
14、oint ASTM-API standard in 1995.Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5842 14. DOI:10.1520/D5842-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service a
15、t serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of
16、 this standard Jointly copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA and the American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L Street NW, Washington DC 20005, USAThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recog
17、nized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.1.1 DiscussionIn practice the term bottom sample hasa variet
18、y of meanings. As a result, it is recommended that theexact sampling location (for example, 15 cm 6 in. from thebottom) should be specified when using this term.3.1.2 dead legs, nsections of pipe that, by design, do notallow for the flow of material through them.3.1.2.1 DiscussionDead legs are not s
19、uitable for obtainingrepresentative samples.3.1.3 dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE), nvalue cal-culated by a defined correlation equation, that is expected to becomparable to the vapor pressure value obtained by TestMethod D4953, Procedure A.3.1.4 flush, vto fill the volume of the line or contain
20、er withthe liquid and discard it. In the case of flushing a bottle, itshould be filled at least 80 % full.3.1.5 relief lines, nsections of pipe that lead to a pressure/vacuum relief valve.3.1.5.1 DiscussionRelief lines are not suitable for obtain-ing representative samples.3.1.6 rinse, vto thoroughl
21、y wet the interior surfaces of thesampling container with the material being sampled and thendiscard the liquid. Approximately 10 % of the containervolume is adequate for this purpose.3.1.7 stand pipes, nvertical sections of pipe or tubingextending from the gaging platform to near the bottom of tank
22、sthat are equipped with external or internal floating roofs. Standpipes also may be found on ships and barges.3.1.7.1 DiscussionStand pipes which are not slotted orperforated will not yield representative samples. Further infor-mation on proper stand pipe design is given in 6.4.3.3.1.8 Other sample
23、definitions are given in Practice D4057/API MPMS Chapter 8.1.4. Summary of Practice4.1 It is necessary that the samples be representative of thefuel in question. The basic principle of each sampling proce-dure involves obtaining a sample in such a manner and fromsuch locations in the tank or other c
24、ontainer that the samplewill be representative of the fuel. A summary of the samplingprocedures and their application is presented in Table 1. Eachprocedure is suitable for sampling a material under definitestorage, transportation, or container conditions. The precau-tions required to ensure the rep
25、resentative character of thesamples are numerous and depend upon the tank, carrier,container, or line from which the sample is being obtained, thetype and cleanliness of the sample container, and the samplingprocedure that is to be used.5. Significance and Use5.1 The vapor pressure parameters of vol
26、atile motor fuelsare regulated by federal and state air pollution control agencies.In order to meet the letter of these regulations, it is necessaryto sample, handle, and test these products in the precise manneras prescribed in this practice.6. General Comments6.1 Sample Containers:6.1.1 Sample con
27、tainers are clear or brown glass bottles,fluorinated high-density polyethylene bottles, or metal cans.The clear glass bottle is advantageous because it is easilyexamined visually for cleanliness, and also makes visualinspection of the sample for free water or solid impuritiespossible. The brown glas
28、s bottle affords some protection fromlight. The only seamed cans acceptable are those with theseams soldered on the exterior surface.6.1.2 Screw caps of plastic or metal shall be used for allglass bottles. The caps for glass and metal containers shall havea seal to provide a vapor-tight closure. Inv
29、erted cone polyseals,polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-faced media, or other materialsthat will not be affected by petroleum products shall be used asseals. If used, cork seals shall be of good quality, be clean, havean intact sealing surface that is faced with tin or aluminum foil,and be free from hol
30、es and loose bits of cork. The fluorinatedbottles are supplied with polypropylene screw caps. Regardlessof the bottle or can type, the screw cap shall be selected toensure the sample integrity for the duration of the sample retainperiod.6.1.3 Sample size is dictated by the test method to beperformed
31、. One litre (32 oz) bottles or cans are generally usedfor manual vapor pressure testing. Some vapor pressure meth-ods may allow a smaller sample size to be taken, such as in a125 mL (4 oz) bottle. See Fig. 1.6.1.4 All sample containers shall be absolutely clean andfree of foreign matter. Before reus
32、ing a container, wash it withstrong soap solution, rinse it thoroughly with tap water, andfinally with distilled water. Dry completely and stopper, or cap,the container immediately.6.2 Sampling ApparatusSampling apparatus is describedin detail under each of the specific sampling procedures. Clean,dr
33、y, and free all sampling apparatus from any substance thatmight contaminate the material. If necessary, use the cleaningprocedure described in 6.4.6.3 Time and Place of Sampling:6.3.1 Storage TanksWhen loading or discharging fuels,take samples from both shipping and receiving tanks, and fromthe pipe
34、lines if required.6.3.2 Ship or Barge TanksSample each product after thevessel is loaded or just before unloading.TABLE 1 Summary of Gasoline Sampling Procedures andApplicabilityType of Container Procedure ParagraphStorage tanks, ship and bargetanks, tank cars, tank trucksall-levels sampling 7.2.1.2
35、running sample 7.2.1.2upper, middle and lowersamples7.2.1.2top sample 7.2.1.2grab sampling 7.5Storage tanks with taps tap sampling 7.2.2Pipes and lines line sampling 7.3automatic sampling 7.4grab sampling 7.5Retail outlet and wholesalepurchaser-consumer facilitystorage tanksnozzle sampling 7.6D5842
36、1726.3.3 Tank CarsSample the product after the car is loadedor just before unloading.NOTE 1Time, place, and other details of sampling not covered in thispractice are normally determined by contractual agreement or regulatoryrequirements.6.4 Obtaining Samples:6.4.1 Extreme care and good judgment are
37、necessary toensure samples that represent the general character and averagecondition of the material. Use lint-free wiping cloths to preventcontaminating samples.6.4.2 Many petroleum vapors are toxic and flammable.Avoid breathing them or igniting them from an open flame ora spark. Follow all safety
38、precautions specific to the materialbeing sampled.6.4.3 Do not sample dead legs or relief lines. Do not samplestand pipes that are not slotted or perforated. Fig. 2 is anexample of an adequately slotted stand pipe.At a minimum, thestand pipe should have two rows of slots slightly staggered inthe ver
39、tical plane.6.4.4 Rinse or flush sample containers with product andallow it to drain before drawing the sample. A rinse isperformed to pre-load the sample container with vapors whenthe temperature of the sample and the sample container areequal. A flush is performed to bring the temperature of thesa
40、mple container to that of the sample, which in turn pre-loadsthe container with vapors of the material. If the sample is to betransferred to another container (for testing other than DVPE),the sampling apparatus also is rinsed with some of the productand drained. When the sample is emptied into this
41、 container,upend the sampling apparatus into the opening of the samplecontainer.6.5 Handling Samples:6.5.1 Protect all samples of light fuels from evaporation.The sampling apparatus is the sample container for vaporpressure. Keep the container tightly closed after the sample iscollected. Leaking sam
42、ple containers are not suitable fortesting. Cool volatile samples to 0 C to 1 C (32 F to 34 F)after delivery to the laboratory and before opening the con-tainer. Maintain at this temperature throughout transfer andhandling, if at all possible.6.5.2 Never completely fill a sample container. Fill thec
43、ontainer to 70 % to 85 % capacity to allow adequate room forexpansion. Subsequent testing for vapor pressure requires thislevel of container fill.6.5.3 The first sample aliquot removed is for vapor pressuretesting. The remaining sample in the container is not suitablefor a vapor pressure determinati
44、on but is suitable for othertesting.6.6 Shipping SamplesTo prevent loss of liquid and vaporsduring shipment, place internal seals in the metal containers,screw the caps down tightly and check for leakage. Observe allshipping regulations applying to the transportation of flam-mable liquids.FIG. 1 Noz
45、zle Extension for Nozzle Sampling with 4 oz BottleFIG. 2 Slotted Stand PipeD5842 1736.7 Labeling Sample ContainersLabel the container im-mediately after a sample is obtained. Use waterproof andoilproof ink or a pencil hard enough to dent the tag, since softpencil and ordinary ink markings are subjec
46、t to obliterationfrom moisture, product, smearing, and handling. Typical labelinformation includes the following information:6.7.1 Date and time (the period elapsed during continuoussampling),6.7.2 Name of the sample (location),6.7.3 Name or number and owner of the vessel, car, orcontainer,6.7.4 Bra
47、nd and grade of material; and6.7.5 Reference symbol or identification number.6.7.6 Labeling should conform to all applicable federal,state, and local labeling regulations.7. Specific Sampling Procedures7.1 Sampling ProceduresThe standard sampling proce-dures described in this practice are summarized
48、 in Table 1.Alternative sampling procedures can be used if a mutuallysatisfactory agreement has been reached by the party(ies)involved and such agreement has been put in writing andsigned by authorized officials.7.2 Tank Sampling:7.2.1 Bottle SamplingThe bottle sampling procedure isapplicable for sa
49、mpling fuels of 110 kPa (16 psia) dry vaporpressure equivalent or less in tank cars, tank trucks, shoretanks, ship tanks, and barge tanks.7.2.1.1 ApparatusA suitable sampling bottle as shown inFig. 3 is required. Recommended diameter of the opening inthe bottle or sample thief is 19 mm (34 in.).7.2.1.2 Procedure:(a) All-levels SampleLower the weighted, stopperedbottle (see Fig. 3) as near as possible to the draw-off level, pullout the stopper with a sharp jerk of the cord or chain and raisethe bottle at a rate so that it is 70 % to 85 % full as it
