1、Designation: D5848 10Standard Test Method forMass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5848; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of mass perunit area of machine-made woven, knitted, and tufted pile yarnfloor covering both befo
3、re and after an adhesive-back coatingapplication.1.2 This test method encompasses three techniques fordetermination of mass per unit area as applicable:1.2.1 Section 1.3, for determining total mass per unit area,applies to both coated and uncoated (unfinished) pile floorcoverings.1.2.2 Section 1.4,
4、for determining component mass per unitarea, applies only to uncoated (unfinished) pile yarn floorcoverings.1.2.3 Section 1.5, for determining pile yarn mass per unitarea, applies only to back-coated, or finished, pile yarn floorcoverings.1.3 Determination of mass per unit area of pile yarn floorcov
5、erings was previously contained within Test MethodsD418. For user convenience, Subcommittee D 13.21 subdi-vided Test Methods D418 into separate standards, of which thistest method is one.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are math
6、ematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and he
7、alth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 9.5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD418 Methods of Testing Pile Yarn Floor Covering Con-struction3D1193 Specificati
8、on for Reagent WaterD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD1909 Standard Table of Commercial Moisture Regains forTextile FibersD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteris
9、ticof a Lot or ProcessD2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed DataD2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles33. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,D13.21, refer to Terminology D56
10、84.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: backcoating, backing, backing fabric, binding sites, buried pileyarn, carpet, components, extractable matter, finished, finishedpile yarn floor covering, floor covering, multilevel pile, pile,pile yarn floor covering, pile yarn mass, pitch,
11、 primary back-ing, secondary backing, stubble, textile floor covering, totalmass, tufted fabric.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Significance and Use4.1 The determination of the mass per unit area of pile yarnfloor covering is useful in quality and cost
12、control during themanufacture of pile floor covering. Both appearance andperformance may be affected by changes in mass per unit area.4.2 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reportedtest results when using this test method for acceptance testingof commercial shipments, the purchaser and
13、 supplier shouldconduct comparison testing to determine if there is a statisticalbias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assis-tance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As aminimum the two parties should take a group of test specimensthat are as homogeneous as possible and t
14、hat are from a lot ofmaterial of the type in question. The test specimens should then1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published July 2010
15、. Originally approvedin 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5848 07. DOI: 10.1520/D5848-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard
16、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.be randomly assigned to each laboratory for testing. Theaverage results from the two laboratories should be comparedusing Students
17、t-test for unpaired data and an acceptableprobability level chosen by the two parties prior to testing. If abias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected orthe purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future testresults with consideration to the known bias.5. Test Specimen5.1 Sam
18、pling Units:5.1.1 Uncoated Floor CoveringThe basic sampling unitof uncoated floor covering is a production roll.5.1.2 Coated Floor CoveringThe basic sampling unit ofcoated floor covering is a shipping roll. The number ofshipping rolls obtained from each production roll ranges fromone to over ten.5.2
19、 Lot SampleTake a lot sample as directed in PracticeE122 when statistical knowledge of the product variability andtest method precision is available, and a decision has beenmade on the maximum deviation that can be tolerated betweenthe estimate to be made from the sample and the result thatwould be
20、obtained by measuring every sampling unit of the lot.Otherwise the number of sampling units in a lot sample and theuse of the test results obtained from the individual test samplesshall be in accordance with the manufacturers quality controlprogram or with the specification agreed upon between thepu
21、rchaser and the supplier.5.3 Laboratory Sampling UnitAlaboratory sampling unitshall consist of a full width section of floor covering cut fromone end of each roll in the lot sample and shall be at least 4 in.(100 mm) longer than the specimens required for the testsbeing conducted. Do not cut a labor
22、atory sampling unit ofcoated floor covering from a seam end of a production roll.5.4 Test Specimens:5.4.1 A test specimen is a designated area of a test samplecut from the test sample. For test samples 120 in. (3000 mm)wide or wider, three test specimens are required for a testmethod, one at each ed
23、ge no nearer to the edge than 5 % of thetotal floor covering width and one in the middle portion of thetest sample. For test samples at least 60 in. (1500 mm) wide butless than 120 in. (3000 mm), take two test specimens, one ateach edge no nearer to the edge than 5 % of the total floorcovering width
24、. For test samples less than 60 in. (1500 mm)wide, take one specimen from the middle.5.4.2 Where it is known that systematic variations in a floorcovering characteristic may occur in bands 18 in. (460 mm) ormore in width, as with a modular pattern device havingseparate controls or adjustments for ea
25、ch module, take testspecimens from the middle of each band.5.4.3 When a full-width test sample is not available, takespecimens as directed in 5.4, and state in the report the widthavailable and the number of test specimens taken.5.5 Atest result is the average of the measurements made ona set of tes
26、t specimens as described in 5.4. In these methods,directions are given only for obtaining a test result from onetest sample. The value representative of the lot being sampledwill be the average of the test results for all the test samples inthe lot sample.6. Conditioning6.1 When required, condition
27、the specimens or the testsample in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, that is70 6 2F (21 6 1C) at 65 6 2 % relative humidity, for 12 hor until the mass changes no more than 0.1 % in 2 h.6.2 If the fiber in any layer of the backing has a commercialregain of over 5 %, the specimen shall be
28、conditioned beforemeasuring. Commercial moisture regains for textile fibers arelisted in Table 1 in D1909.7. Total Mass Per Unit Area7.1 ScopeThis test method applies to both uncoated andcoated floor covering.7.2 Summary of Test MethodTest specimens are cut froma conditioned test sample and then mea
29、sured, or are cut froman unconditioned test sample and then conditioned beforemeasuring, so that the area of each test specimen is measuredafter conditioning. Each conditioned test specimen is weighedand the mass per unit area is calculated.7.3 Apparatus:7.3.1 Balance, having a capacity and sensitiv
30、ity to weigh tothe nearest 0.1 % of the test specimen mass or to the nearest0.01 g, whichever is larger.NOTE 1Weighing to the nearest 0.1 % means weighing to the nearest0.01 g for test specimens weighing 10 to 100 g, to the nearest 0.1 g for 100to 1000 g, and to the nearest 1 g for more than 1000 g.
31、 A 100-g, 10.0 310.0-in. (254 3 254-mm) test specimen has a mass per unit area of 457oz/yd2(1550 g/m2) while a 1000-g, 18.0 3 18.0-in. (457 3 457-mm) testspecimen has a mass per unit area of 141.1 oz/yd2(4784 g/m2).7.3.2 Device for Cutting and Measuring Test Specimens, asdirected for the procedure s
32、elected in Annex A1.7.4 Conditioning Condition the test specimens as directedin Section 1.2.3 before measuring and weighing. ForAnnexA1Procedures 2 and 3, condition the test sample before cutting thetest specimens.7.5 Sample and Test SpecimensTake the test sample andthe test specimens as directed in
33、 Section 1.2.2.7.5.1 For level pile floor covering, the test specimens shallbe at least 10.0 3 10.0 6 0.2 in. (250 3 250 6 5 mm).7.5.2 For multilevel pile floor covering the test specimensshall comprise a full pattern repeat or a whole number multipleof a full pattern repeat in each direction, but n
34、o less than asdirected in 7.5.1. If the pattern repeat is not known and cannotbe determined readily, use 18.0 3 18.0 6 0.2 in. (460 3460 6 5 mm) for the test specimen dimensions.7.6 Procedure:7.6.1 Preparation of SpecimensFollow the selected pro-cedure of Annex A1.7.6.2 Test Specimen MassWeigh each
35、test specimen to thenearest 0.1 % (or less) of the test specimen mass, M (Note 1).7.7 Calculation:7.7.1 Test Specimen Total Mass Per Unit AreaCalculatethe total mass per unit area for each test specimen to the nearest0.01 oz/yd2(0.3 g/m2) using Eq 1.W 5 M 3 K/B 3 L! (1)where:D5848 102W = total mass
36、per unit area of the test specimen, oz/yd2(g/m2),M = mass of the test specimen, oz(g),K = appropriate conversion factor in Table 1,B = average width of the test specimen to the nearest 0.01in. (0.3 mm), andL = average length of the test specimen to the nearest 0.01in. (0.3 mm).NOTE 2When the templat
37、e or clicking die procedure of Annex A1 isused, a standard area value for B 3 L may be used in place of values ofB and L determined by direct measurement of the specimens. Round thisstandard area value to the nearest 0.1 in.2(65 mm2).7.7.2 Calculate the average total mass per unit area for alltest s
38、pecimens of the test sample to the nearest 0.1 oz/yd2(3g/m2).7.8 Report:7.8.1 State the test sample was tested as directed in TestMethod D5848 for determining total mass per unit area.Describe the material or product sampled and the method ofsampling used.7.8.2 Report the average total mass per unit
39、 area for eachtest sample.7.9 Precision and Bias:7.9.1 PrecisionThe precision of the procedure in TestMethod D5848 for determining total mass per unit area is beingestablished.7.9.2 BiasThe procedure in Test Method D5848 for de-termining total mass per unit area has no known bias and maybe used as a
40、 referee method.8. Component Masses Per Unit Area8.1 ScopeThis test method applies only to uncoated floorcovering.8.2 Summary of Test MethodThe test specimens used fordetermining the total mass per unit area as directed in Section1.3 are dissected into the component parts, separating the pileyarn fr
41、om the backing fabric, and, if required, separating theyarns composing the backing fabric one from the other. Eachcomponent is weighed separately and the component mass perunit area calculated.8.3 ApparatusBalance, see 7.3.1.8.4 Condition the test specimens as directed in Section 1.2.3before measuri
42、ng.8.5 Test SpecimensUse the test specimens prepared fordetermining total mass per unit area as directed in Section 1.3or prepare test specimens as directed in 7.5 and 7.6.8.6 Procedure:8.6.1 Manually separate the pile yarn from the backingfabric in each test specimen.8.6.2 In the case of woven and
43、knitted floor covering alsoseparate the backing yarns, if required.8.6.3 Weigh each component to the nearest 0.1 % of thecomponent mass, M.8.7 Calculation:8.7.1 For each component calculate the component mass perunit area for each test specimen to the nearest 0.01 oz/yd2(0.3g/m2), using Eq 2.C 5 M 3
44、 K/B 3 L! (2)where:C = component mass per unit area for the test specimen,oz/yd2(g/m2),M = mass of the component removed from the test speci-men, oz (g),K = appropriate conversion factor in Table 1,B = average width of the test specimen, in. (mm), andL = average length of the test specimen, in. (mm)
45、.8.7.2 Calculate the average component mass per unit areafor each component to the nearest 0.1 oz/yd2(3 g/m2) for alltest specimens in the test sample.8.8 Report:8.8.1 State the test sample was tested as directed in TestMethod D5848 for determining component masses per unitarea. Describe the materia
46、l or product sampled and the methodof sampling used:8.8.2 Report the average component mass per unit area foreach component for the test sample, using component names incommon usage.8.9 Precision and Bias:8.9.1 PrecisionThe precision of the procedure in TestMethod D5848 for determining component mas
47、ses per unitarea is being established.8.9.2 BiasThe procedure in Test Method D5848 for de-termining component masses per unit area has no known biasand may be used as a referee method.9. Pile Yarn Mass Per Unit Area9.1 ScopeThis test method applies only to coated pileyarn floor coverings.9.2 Summary
48、 of Test MethodOne or two strip specimensare taken as directed in 9.7.2 from each test specimen such thatthe combined mass per unit area of the strip specimen(s) iswithin 1 % of the mass per unit area of the test specimen. Thetotal mass of the selected strip specimens taken from all testspecimens of
49、 the test sample is designated M. Most of the pileis shear from the strip specimens and discarded, leavingstubble specimens whose total mass is designated S. The buriedpile yarn in the stubble specimens along with adhering coatingmaterial is manually removed from the backing fabric with theassistance of a solvent that dissolves or softens the coatingmaterial. Most of the adhering coating material is cleaned fromthe fiber of this buried pile yarn by further soaking in solventand by abrasion. There are three different options to accom-plish the cleaning of
