1、Designation: D5848 101Standard Test Method forMass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5848; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTESection references were corrected in the Scope in September 2010.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of mass perunit area of ma
3、chine-made woven, knitted, and tufted pile yarnfloor covering both before and after an adhesive-back coatingapplication.1.2 This test method encompasses three techniques fordetermination of mass per unit area as applicable:1.2.1 Section 7, for determining total mass per unit area,applies to both coa
4、ted and uncoated (unfinished) pile floorcoverings.1.2.2 Section 8, for determining component mass per unitarea, applies only to uncoated (unfinished) pile yarn floorcoverings.1.2.3 Section 9, for determining pile yarn mass per unit area,applies only to back-coated, or finished, pile yarn floorcoveri
5、ngs.1.3 Determination of mass per unit area of pile yarn floorcoverings was previously contained within Test MethodsD418. For user convenience, Subcommittee D 13.21 subdi-vided Test Methods D418 into separate standards, of which thistest method is one.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to
6、 be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of
7、the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 9.5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD418 Methods of
8、 Testing Pile Yarn Floor Covering Con-struction3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD1909 Standard Table of Commercial Moisture Regains forTextile FibersD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to
9、 Estimate,With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristicof a Lot or ProcessD2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed DataD2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles33. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms
10、relating to Pile Floor Coverings,D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: backcoating, backing, backing fabric, binding sites, buried pileyarn, carpet, components, extractable matter, finished, finishedpile yarn floor covering, floor covering, multi
11、level pile, pile,pile yarn floor covering, pile yarn mass, pitch, primary back-ing, secondary backing, stubble, textile floor covering, totalmass, tufted fabric.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D
12、13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approvedin 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5848 07. DOI: 10.1520/D5848-101.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the A
13、STM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyrigh
14、t ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Significance and Use4.1 The determination of the mass per unit area of pile yarnfloor covering is useful in quality and cost control during themanufacture of pile floor covering. Both appeara
15、nce andperformance may be affected by changes in mass per unit area.4.2 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reportedtest results when using this test method for acceptance testingof commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier shouldconduct comparison testing to determine if there i
16、s a statisticalbias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assis-tance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As aminimum the two parties should take a group of test specimensthat are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot ofmaterial of the type in question. The test sp
17、ecimens should thenbe randomly assigned to each laboratory for testing. Theaverage results from the two laboratories should be comparedusing Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptableprobability level chosen by the two parties prior to testing. If abias is found, either its cause must be fo
18、und and corrected orthe purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future testresults with consideration to the known bias.5. Test Specimen5.1 Sampling Units:5.1.1 Uncoated Floor CoveringThe basic sampling unitof uncoated floor covering is a production roll.5.1.2 Coated Floor CoveringThe basic s
19、ampling unit ofcoated floor covering is a shipping roll. The number ofshipping rolls obtained from each production roll ranges fromone to over ten.5.2 Lot SampleTake a lot sample as directed in PracticeE122 when statistical knowledge of the product variability andtest method precision is available,
20、and a decision has beenmade on the maximum deviation that can be tolerated betweenthe estimate to be made from the sample and the result thatwould be obtained by measuring every sampling unit of the lot.Otherwise the number of sampling units in a lot sample and theuse of the test results obtained fr
21、om the individual test samplesshall be in accordance with the manufacturers quality controlprogram or with the specification agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.5.3 Laboratory Sampling UnitAlaboratory sampling unitshall consist of a full width section of floor covering cut fromone end
22、of each roll in the lot sample and shall be at least 4 in.(100 mm) longer than the specimens required for the testsbeing conducted. Do not cut a laboratory sampling unit ofcoated floor covering from a seam end of a production roll.5.4 Test Specimens:5.4.1 A test specimen is a designated area of a te
23、st samplecut from the test sample. For test samples 120 in. (3000 mm)wide or wider, three test specimens are required for a testmethod, one at each edge no nearer to the edge than 5 % of thetotal floor covering width and one in the middle portion of thetest sample. For test samples at least 60 in. (
24、1500 mm) wide butless than 120 in. (3000 mm), take two test specimens, one ateach edge no nearer to the edge than 5 % of the total floorcovering width. For test samples less than 60 in. (1500 mm)wide, take one specimen from the middle.5.4.2 Where it is known that systematic variations in a floorcove
25、ring characteristic may occur in bands 18 in. (460 mm) ormore in width, as with a modular pattern device havingseparate controls or adjustments for each module, take testspecimens from the middle of each band.5.4.3 When a full-width test sample is not available, takespecimens as directed in 5.4, and
26、 state in the report the widthavailable and the number of test specimens taken.5.5 Atest result is the average of the measurements made ona set of test specimens as described in 5.4. In these methods,directions are given only for obtaining a test result from onetest sample. The value representative
27、of the lot being sampledwill be the average of the test results for all the test samples inthe lot sample.6. Conditioning6.1 When required, condition the specimens or the testsample in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, that is70 6 2F (21 6 1C) at 65 6 2 % relative humidity, for 12 hor un
28、til the mass changes no more than 0.1 % in 2 h.6.2 If the fiber in any layer of the backing has a commercialregain of over 5 %, the specimen shall be conditioned beforemeasuring. Commercial moisture regains for textile fibers arelisted in Table 1 in D1909.7. Total Mass Per Unit Area7.1 ScopeThis tes
29、t method applies to both uncoated andcoated floor covering.7.2 Summary of Test MethodTest specimens are cut froma conditioned test sample and then measured, or are cut froman unconditioned test sample and then conditioned beforemeasuring, so that the area of each test specimen is measuredafter condi
30、tioning. Each conditioned test specimen is weighedand the mass per unit area is calculated.7.3 Apparatus:7.3.1 Balance, having a capacity and sensitivity to weigh tothe nearest 0.1 % of the test specimen mass or to the nearest0.01 g, whichever is larger.NOTE 1Weighing to the nearest 0.1 % means weig
31、hing to the nearest0.01 g for test specimens weighing 10 to 100 g, to the nearest 0.1 g for 100to 1000 g, and to the nearest 1 g for more than 1000 g. A 100-g, 10.0 310.0-in. (254 3 254-mm) test specimen has a mass per unit area of 457oz/yd2(1550 g/m2) while a 1000-g, 18.0 3 18.0-in. (457 3 457-mm)
32、testspecimen has a mass per unit area of 141.1 oz/yd2(4784 g/m2).7.3.2 Device for Cutting and Measuring Test Specimens, asdirected for the procedure selected in Annex A1.7.4 Conditioning Condition the test specimens as directedin Section 1.2.3 before measuring and weighing. ForAnnexA1Procedures 2 an
33、d 3, condition the test sample before cutting thetest specimens.7.5 Sample and Test SpecimensTake the test sample andthe test specimens as directed in Section 1.2.2.7.5.1 For level pile floor covering, the test specimens shallbe at least 10.0 3 10.0 6 0.2 in. (250 3 250 6 5 mm).7.5.2 For multilevel
34、pile floor covering the test specimensshall comprise a full pattern repeat or a whole number multipleof a full pattern repeat in each direction, but no less than asdirected in 7.5.1. If the pattern repeat is not known and cannotD5848 1012be determined readily, use 18.0 3 18.0 6 0.2 in. (460 3460 6 5
35、 mm) for the test specimen dimensions.7.6 Procedure:7.6.1 Preparation of SpecimensFollow the selected pro-cedure of Annex A1.7.6.2 Test Specimen MassWeigh each test specimen to thenearest 0.1 % (or less) of the test specimen mass, M (Note 1).7.7 Calculation:7.7.1 Test Specimen Total Mass Per Unit Ar
36、eaCalculatethe total mass per unit area for each test specimen to the nearest0.01 oz/yd2(0.3 g/m2) using Eq 1.W 5 M 3 K/B 3 L! (1)where:W = total mass per unit area of the test specimen, oz/yd2(g/m2),M = mass of the test specimen, oz(g),K = appropriate conversion factor in Table 1,B = average width
37、of the test specimen to the nearest 0.01in. (0.3 mm), andL = average length of the test specimen to the nearest 0.01in. (0.3 mm).NOTE 2When the template or clicking die procedure of Annex A1 isused, a standard area value for B 3 L may be used in place of values ofB and L determined by direct measure
38、ment of the specimens. Round thisstandard area value to the nearest 0.1 in.2(65 mm2).7.7.2 Calculate the average total mass per unit area for alltest specimens of the test sample to the nearest 0.1 oz/yd2(3g/m2).7.8 Report:7.8.1 State the test sample was tested as directed in TestMethod D5848 for de
39、termining total mass per unit area.Describe the material or product sampled and the method ofsampling used.7.8.2 Report the average total mass per unit area for eachtest sample.7.9 Precision and Bias:7.9.1 PrecisionThe precision of the procedure in TestMethod D5848 for determining total mass per uni
40、t area is beingestablished.7.9.2 BiasThe procedure in Test Method D5848 for de-termining total mass per unit area has no known bias and maybe used as a referee method.8. Component Masses Per Unit Area8.1 ScopeThis test method applies only to uncoated floorcovering.8.2 Summary of Test MethodThe test
41、specimens used fordetermining the total mass per unit area as directed in Section1.3 are dissected into the component parts, separating the pileyarn from the backing fabric, and, if required, separating theyarns composing the backing fabric one from the other. Eachcomponent is weighed separately and
42、 the component mass perunit area calculated.8.3 ApparatusBalance, see 7.3.1.8.4 Condition the test specimens as directed in Section 1.2.3before measuring.8.5 Test SpecimensUse the test specimens prepared fordetermining total mass per unit area as directed in Section 1.3or prepare test specimens as d
43、irected in 7.5 and 7.6.8.6 Procedure:8.6.1 Manually separate the pile yarn from the backingfabric in each test specimen.8.6.2 In the case of woven and knitted floor covering alsoseparate the backing yarns, if required.8.6.3 Weigh each component to the nearest 0.1 % of thecomponent mass, M.8.7 Calcul
44、ation:8.7.1 For each component calculate the component mass perunit area for each test specimen to the nearest 0.01 oz/yd2(0.3g/m2), using Eq 2.C 5 M 3 K/B 3 L! (2)where:C = component mass per unit area for the test specimen,oz/yd2(g/m2),M = mass of the component removed from the test speci-men, oz
45、(g),K = appropriate conversion factor in Table 1,B = average width of the test specimen, in. (mm), andL = average length of the test specimen, in. (mm).8.7.2 Calculate the average component mass per unit areafor each component to the nearest 0.1 oz/yd2(3 g/m2) for alltest specimens in the test sampl
46、e.8.8 Report:8.8.1 State the test sample was tested as directed in TestMethod D5848 for determining component masses per unitarea. Describe the material or product sampled and the methodof sampling used:8.8.2 Report the average component mass per unit area foreach component for the test sample, usin
47、g component names incommon usage.8.9 Precision and Bias:8.9.1 PrecisionThe precision of the procedure in TestMethod D5848 for determining component masses per unitarea is being established.8.9.2 BiasThe procedure in Test Method D5848 for de-termining component masses per unit area has no known biasa
48、nd may be used as a referee method.9. Pile Yarn Mass Per Unit Area9.1 ScopeThis test method applies only to coated pileyarn floor coverings.9.2 Summary of Test MethodOne or two strip specimensare taken as directed in 9.7.2 from each test specimen such thatthe combined mass per unit area of the strip
49、 specimen(s) iswithin 1 % of the mass per unit area of the test specimen. Thetotal mass of the selected strip specimens taken from all testTABLE 1 Conversion Factors for Mass Per Unit AreaFromTog/m2oz/yd2oz/in.243 940 1296.0oz/mm228.350 3 104836 100g/in.21550.0 45.72g/mm210429 490D5848 1013specimens of the test sample is designated M. Most of the pileis shear from the strip specimens and discarded, leavingstubble specimens whose total mass is designated S. The buriedpile yarn in the stubble specimens along with adhering coatingmaterial is manuall
