1、Designation: D5854 96 (Reapproved 2010)Designation: Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.3Standard Practice forMixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum andPetroleum Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5854; the number immediately following t
2、he designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers th
3、e handling, mixing, and condi-tioning procedures that are required to ensure that a represen-tative sample of the liquid petroleum or petroleum product isdelivered from the primary sample container/receiver into theanalytical test apparatus or into intermediate containers.1.2 Annex A2 covers accepta
4、nce test criteria for powermixer and sample container combinations, whileAnnexA3 andAnnex A4 detail acceptance tests for mixing systems. Appen-dix X1 is a guide for selecting sample containers.1.3 For sampling procedures, refer to Practices D4057 (APIMPMS Chapter 8.1) and D4177 (API MPMS Chapter 8.2
5、).Practice D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) covers sampling andhandling of light fuels for volatility measurement.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safet
6、y and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Av
7、iation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4928 Test Methods for Water in Crude Oils by Coulom-etric Karl Fischer TitrationD5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility Measurement2.2 API Documents:3MPMS Chapter 8.1 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petro-
8、leum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)MPMS Chapter 8.2 Practice for Automatic Sampling ofPetroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM PracticeD4177)MPMS Chapter 8.4 Practice for Sampling and Handling ofFuels for Volatility Measurement (ASTM Practice D5842)MPMS Chapter 10.9 Test Method for Water
9、 in Crude Oilsby Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration (ASTM Test Meth-ods D4928)Recommended Practice 2003, Protection Against IgnitionsArising Out of Static, Lighting, and Stray CurrentsPublication 2026, Safe Access/Egress Involving FloatingRoofs of Storage Tanks in Petroleum ServicePublication 2217,
10、Guideline for Confined Space Work in thePetroleum Industry2.3 Department of Transportation:4Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Section 1732.4 Occupational Safety and Health Standards:429 Code of Federal Regulations, Subpart Z, “Toxic andHazardous Substances,” Part 1910.1000 and following3. Termi
11、nology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 intermediate containerthe vessel into which all orpart of the sample from a primary container/receiver istransferred for transport, storage, or ease of handling.3.1.2 petroleumdenotes petroleum crudes, as well as pe-troleum products, nor
12、mally associated with the petroleumindustry.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and theAPI Committee on Petroleum Measurement, and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02.0B the joint ASTM-API commit-tee on Sampling, Sediment,
13、 Water.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D585496(2005).DOI: 10.1520/D5854-96R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For
14、Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Wash-ington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.4Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printin
15、gOffice, Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3 primary container/receiverthe vessel in which asample is initially collected.3.1.3.1 DiscussionExamples of primary sample contain-ers include glass a
16、nd plastic bottles, cans, and fixed andportable sample receivers.3.1.4 samplingall the steps required to obtain a samplethat is representative of the contents of any pipe, tank, or othervessel, and to place that sample in a container from which arepresentative test specimen can be taken for analysis
17、.3.1.5 test specimenthe representative sample taken fromthe primary or intermediate sample container for analysis.4. Significance and Use4.1 Representative samples of petroleum and petroleumproducts are required for the determination of chemical andphysical properties used to establish standard volu
18、mes, prices,and compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications.The treatment of samples from the time of collection until theyare analyzed requires care and effort to maintain their compo-sitional integrity.5. Safety and Health Precautions5.1 In view of the potential health and safety haza
19、rdsassociated with the handling and mixing of petroleum samples,only qualified personnel should be involved.5.2 All sample handling and mixing equipment should beapproved by the parties involved. All equipment should beinstalled, operated, and maintained in a manner to minimizepotential health and s
20、afety hazards.6. Sample Containers6.1 No single container type will meet requirements of allpetroleum sampling operations. The following are generaldesign and construction considerations for sample containers.6.2 Container Configuration:6.2.1 Containers should drain continuously toward the out-let t
21、o ensure complete liquid withdrawal.6.2.2 Cylindrical containers are better suited for samplesthat are to be tested for free water or sediment and water.6.2.3 Containers should not have internal pockets or deadspots.6.2.4 Internal surfaces of containers should minimize cor-rosion, incrustation, wate
22、r, and sediment clingage.6.2.5 Container configuration should allow for the transferof samples from one container to another or to the analyticalapparatus while maintaining the integrity of the samplescomposition.6.2.6 Containers should have an inspection cover/closure/cap of sufficient size to faci
23、litate filling, inspection, andcleaning. A means of installing security seals should beprovided.6.2.7 Containers should allow for the preparation of ahomogeneous mixture of the sample while preventing the lossof any constituents which affect the representativeness of thesample and the accuracy of th
24、e analytical tests.6.2.8 Containers should be made so as to avoid contamina-tion from external water or other foreign material.6.2.9 Containers used with closed loop mixers may beequipped with a discharge line inside the container which hasmultiple outlet ports.Another method of achieving the effect
25、 ofmultiple discharge ports is to split the discharge stream comingfrom the mixing pump into two or more separate streams witheach having its own inlet into the sample container.6.2.10 Containers used with closed loop mixers should beequipped with a pressure/vacuum relief valve set so as not toexcee
26、d the design pressure of the container. A pressure gageshould also be provided.6.2.11 Containers used with closed loop mixers may havemultiple suction ports. As a minimum there should be onesuction port at the lowest point in the container.6.3 Container Size:6.3.1 A general rule is that both primary
27、 and intermediatecontainers should be large enough to hold the required samplesize within 80 % of the total capacity to facilitate mixing andto provide for thermal expansion.6.3.2 The size of primary containers is determined from thesampling operation as described in Practices D4057 (APIMPMS Chapter
28、 8.1) and D4177 (API MPMS Chapter 8.2).6.3.3 The size of intermediate containers should be as largeas practical to minimize surface tension effects with dueconsideration given to storage space requirements, shippingrules and regulations, costs, availability, and other practicalconsiderations.6.4 Con
29、tainer Material:6.4.1 Sample containers are normally made of glass, metal,or plastic. Exercise care in the selection of container materialas it could affect the test results obtained from the sample.Containers acceptable for samples to be tested immediatelymay not be acceptable for storage of sample
30、.6.4.2 Glass containers are suitable for many sample test andstorage requirements. Clear glass bottles may be examinedvisually for cleanliness and allow for visual inspection of thesample for free water or solid impurities. Some petroleumsamples are affected by exposure to sunlight if clear glass is
31、used. In these cases, brown glass bottles may afford thenecessary protection.6.4.3 Cans coated with tin must have seams that have beensoldered on the exterior surfaces with a flux of rosin cleaned ina suitable solvent. Such a flux is easily removed with gasoline,whereas many others are very difficul
32、t to remove. Minutetraces of flux may contaminate the sample so that resultsobtained on tests such as dielectric strength, oxidation resis-tance, and sludge formation may be erroneous. Exercise carealso to ensure that samples containing free or entrained waterare not corrosive to the metal. Internal
33、ly epoxy-lined tin cansmay have residual contamination and precaution should betaken to ensure its removal.6.4.4 Cans made of stainless steel with welded seams aresuitable for many sampling operations. Other than ensuring thecleanliness, use of these containers presents no unusual con-cerns.6.4.5 Pl
34、astic bottles must be of a material that is imperviousto attack from the sample. This is especially a considerationwhen using plastic for long term storage of certain petroleumproducts. Clear plastic bottles are unsuitable for samplessensitive to light.D5854 96 (2010)26.4.6 When sampling aviation fu
35、els, Practice D4306 shouldbe consulted for guidance on container selection. This practicegives information on the types of containers that have beenfound satisfactory for tests to determine water separation,copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, thermal stability,lubricity, and trace metal conte
36、nt.6.4.7 Appendix X1 is a guide for selecting the material ofwhich sample containers may be made. It is impossible tocover all petroleum sampling container requirements; there-fore, when questions arise as to a containers suitability for agiven application, experience and testing should be reliedupo
37、n.6.5 Container Closures:6.5.1 For glass bottles, stoppers or screw caps made of amaterial that will not deteriorate or contaminate the samplemay be used. Care must be used when using cork stoppers.Situations where corks should not be used include liquidswhere loss of light ends may affect the tests
38、 results and liquidswhich are hydroscopic or which have a low water contentspecification. Rubber stoppers should never be used.6.5.2 Cans and plastic bottles should be closed with screwcaps made of the same material as the container. Caps shouldprovide a vapor tight seal.6.5.3 Screw caps for cans us
39、ed to store or transport samplesmust be protected by a disk faced with a material that will notdeteriorate or contaminate the sample. Consideration of closuretype is important for samples where vapor loss will affect thetest results.6.6 Federal Container RequirementsIn addition to therequirements li
40、sted above, any sample container that containshazardous materials or the residue of hazardous materialoffered for shipment or transportation by air, public roadway,rail, or water, or any combination thereof, must meet therequirements set forth in applicable regulations such as DOTregulations in the
41、Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49,Section 173.6.7 Container Cleanliness:6.7.1 Sample containers must be clean and free from allsubstances which might contaminate the material beingsampled (such as water, dirt, lint, washing compounds, naphthaand other solvents, soldering fluxes, acids, rust, and
42、 oil). Priorto further use, reusable containers such as cans and bottlesshould be rinsed with a suitable solvent. Use of sludge solventsto remove all traces of sediments and sludge may be necessary.Following the solvent wash, the container should be washedwith a strong soap solution, rinsed thorough
43、ly with tap water,and given a final rinse using distilled water. Dry the containereither by passing a current of clean warm air through thecontainer or by placing it in a hot dust-free cabinet at 40C(104F) or higher. When dry, stopper or cap the containerimmediately. Normally, it is not necessary to
44、 wash newcontainers.6.7.2 Depending on service, receivers used in conjunctionwith automatic samplers may need to be washed with solventbetween uses. In most applications, it is not desirable orpractical to wash these receivers using soap and water asoutlined above for cans and bottles. The cleanline
45、ss andintegrity of all sample containers/receivers must be verifiedprior to use.6.7.3 When sampling aviation fuel, Practice D4306 shouldbe consulted for recommended cleaning procedures for con-tainers that are to be used in tests for determination of waterseparation, copper corrosion, electrical con
46、ductivity, thermalstability, lubricity, and trace metal content.6.8 Labels:6.8.1 Each sample container is to have a label attached to itwhich meets the requirements of the parties involved.6.8.2 Fig. 1 is an example of a label which shows the typicalinformation needed to properly identify the sample
47、. In additionto this basic information, certain governmental agencies suchas DOT and OSHAhave additional labeling requirements withwhich personnel involved in the handling and shipping ofsamples must be familiar.6.9 Shipping EnclosuresMany sample containers requirespecial shipping enclosures before
48、they can be transportedfrom the point of collection. Regulations covering the transportof samples should be consulted (see the Code of FederalRegulations, Title 49, Section 173).6.10 Storage and Disposal:6.10.1 Except when being transferred, samples should bemaintained in a closed container in order
49、 to prevent loss oflight components. Samples should be protected during storageto prevent weathering or degradation from light, heat, or otherpotential detrimental conditions.FIG. 1 Typical Sample LabelD5854 96 (2010)36.10.2 There are many governmental agencies and jurisdic-tions that have regulations governing the storage and disposalof petroleum samples and containers that can be classified ashazardous materials or hazardous wastes. Those who handlepetroleum samples must be familiar with these regulations inaddition to their own company policies and procedures.7. Ha
