1、Designation: D 5857 09Standard Specification forPolypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials Using ISOProtocol and Methodology1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis material specification is intended to provide a call out system for polypropylene utilizingspe
3、cimen preparation procedures and test method based on ISO standards.This specification is not intended for the determination of the suitability of performance of materialsin the final application. Selection of these materials is to be made by personnel with expertise in theplastics field in which th
4、e environment, inherent properties of the materials, performance of the parts,part design, manufacturing process, and economics are considered.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers polypropylene materials suit-able for injection molding and extrusion. Polymers consist ofpolypropylene homopolymers,
5、polypropylene copolymers, andpolypropylene-elastomer compounds produced with or withoutthe addition of impact modifiers (ethylene-propylene rubber,polyisobutylene rubber, and butyl rubber, and so forth), colo-rants, stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, or reinforcements.1.2 This specification allows fo
6、r the use of those polypro-pylene materials that can be recycled, reconstituted, andreground, provided that the following conditions are met:1.2.1 The requirements as stated in this specification andother ISO guidelines pertaining to these types of materials aremet, and1.2.2 The material has not bee
7、n modified in any way to alterits conformance to food contact regulations or similar require-ments.1.3 The proportions of recycled, reconstituted, and regrindmaterial used, as well as the nature and the amount of anycontaminant, cannot be practically covered in this specifica-tion. It is the respons
8、ibility of the supplier and buyer ofrecycled, reconstituted, and regrind materials to ensure com-pliance.1.4 The properties included in this classification system arethose required to identify the compositions covered. There maybe other requirements necessary to identify particular charac-teristics
9、important to specialized applications. These may bespecified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5 and thosein Classification System D 4000.1.5 This classification system and specification are intendedto provide a means of calling out polypropylene materials usedin the fabrication of end items
10、 or parts. It is not intended for theselection of materials. Material selection should be made bythose having expertise in the plastic field after careful consid-eration of the design and the performance required of the part,the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabricationprocess to be e
11、mployed, the costs involved, and the inherentproperties of the material other than those covered by thisspecification.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 13, of this specification
12、: Thisspecification does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this specification to establish appropriate safetyand health practices and determine the applicability of regu-latory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This
13、 specification is similar to both ISO 1873-1 andISO 1873-2, but to different degrees. This specification resemblesISO 1873-1 in title only. The content is significantly different. Thisspecification and ISO 1873-2 differ in approach or detail; data obtainedusing either are technically equivalent.2. R
14、eferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current ed
15、ition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 5857 - 08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
16、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms R
17、elating toPlasticsD 1999 Guide for Selection of Specimens and Test Param-eters from ISO/IEC Standards3D 3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties ofPlastics Using Load and Displacement SensorsD 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plast
18、ic Mate-rialsD 5033 Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relat-ing to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics3E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 62 PlasticsDetermination of Water AbsorptionISO 75-1 PlasticsDeterm
19、ination of Temperature of De-flection Under Load, Part 1: General Test MethodISO 75-2 PlasticsDetermination of Temperature of De-flection Under Load, Part 2: Plastics and EboniteISO 105 TextilesTests for Color FastnessISO 178 PlasticsDetermination of Flexural Properties ofRigid PlasticsISO 179 Plast
20、icsDetermination of Charpy ImpactStrength of Rigid MaterialsISO 180 PlasticsDetermination of Izod Impact Strengthof Rigid MaterialsISO 293 PlasticsCompression Moulding Test Specimensof Thermoplastic MaterialISO 294 PlasticsInjection Moulding of Test Specimens ofThermoplastic MaterialISO 306 Plastics
21、Thermoplastic MaterialsDetermination of Vicat Softening TemperatureISO 527-1 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Properties,Part 1: General PrinciplesISO 527-2 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Properties,Part 2: Test Conditions for Molding and Extrusion PlasticsISO 537 PlasticsTesting with Torsional Pe
22、ndulumISO 604 PlasticsDetermination of Compressive Proper-tiesISO 868 Plastics and EboniteDetermination of IndentionHardness by Mans of a Durometer (Shore Hardness)ISO 877 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to direct Weather-ing, to Weathering Using Glass-Filtered Daylight, and toIntensified Weathering by
23、Daylight Using Fresnel MirrorsISO 899 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile CreepISO 974 PlasticsDetermination of the Brittleness Tem-perature by ImpactISO 1133 PlasticsDetermination of Melt Flow Rate ofThermoplasticsISO 1183A PlasticsMethods for Determining the Densityand Relative Density of Non-Cellula
24、r PlasticsISO 1191 PlasticsPolyethylene and Polypropylenes inDilute SolutionsDetermination of Viscosity Numberand of Limiting Viscosity NumberISO 1628-3 PlasticsDetermination of Viscosity Numberand Limiting Viscosity Number, Part 3: Polyethylene andPolypropylene ResinsISO 1873-1 PlasticsPropylene an
25、d Propylene-CopolymerThermoplastics, Part 1: DesignationISO 1873-2 PlasticsPolypropylene (PP) and Propylene-Copolymer Thermoplastics, Part 2: Preparation of TestSpecimens and Determination of PropertiesISO 2039-1 PlasticsDetermination of Hardness, Part 1:Ball Indention MethodISO 2039-2 PlasticsDeter
26、mination of Hardness, Part 2:Rockwell HardnessISO 2818 PlasticsPreparation of Test Specimens by Ma-chiningISO 3167 PlasticsPreparation and Use of MultipurposeTest SpecimensISO 3451-1 PlasticsDetermination of Ash, Part 1: Gen-eral MethodsISO 3795 Road Vehicles, and Tractors and Machinery forAgricultu
27、re and ForestryDetermination of Burning Be-havior of Interior MaterialsISO 4582 PlasticsDetermination of Changes in Colourand Variations in Properties after Exposure to DaylightUnder Glass, Natural Weathering or Artificial LightISO 4589 PlasticsDetermination of Flammability byOxygen IndexISO 4892-1
28、Methods of Exposure to Laboratory LightSources, Part 1: General GuidanceISO 4892-2 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to LaboratoryLight, Part 2: Xenon Arc ExposureISO 4892-3 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to LaboratoryLight, Part 3: Fluorescent UV LampsISO 6427 PlasticsDetermination of Matter Extractable byO
29、rganic Solvents (Conventional Methods)ISO 6602 PlasticsDetermination of Flexural Creep byThree-Point LoadingISO 6603-1 PlasticsDetermination of Multiaxial ImpactBehavior of Rigid Plastics, Part 1: Falling Dart MethodISO 6603-2 PlasticsDetermination of Multiaxial ImpactBehavior of Rigid Plastics, Par
30、t 2: Instrumented PunctureTestISO 8256 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Impact Prop-ertiesISO 9113 PlasticsPolypropylene (PP) and Propylene-Copolymer ThermoplasticsDetermination of IsotacticIndexISO 10350 PlasticsAcquisition and Presentation of Com-parable Single-Point DataISO 113573 PlasticsDiffere
31、ntial Scanning Calorimetry(DSC), Part 3: Determination of Temperature and En-thalpy of Melting and CrystallizationISO 11403-1 PlasticsAcquisition and Presentation ofComparable Multi-Point Data, Part 1: Mechanical Prop-ertiesISO 11403-2 PlasticsAcquisition and Presentation ofComparable Multi-point Da
32、taPart 3: EnvironmentalInfluences on Properties3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D58570922.3 IEC Standards:4IEC
33、93 Recommended Methods of Test for Volume andSurface Resistivities of Electrical Insulation MaterialsIEC 112 Recommended Method for Determining the Com-parative Tracking Index of Solid Insulation MaterialsUnder Moist ConditionsIEC 243-1 Recommended Methods of Test for ElectricStrength of Solid Insul
34、ating Materials at Power Frequen-ciesIEC 250 Recommended Methods for the Determination ofthe Permittivity and Dielectric Dissipation Factor ofElectrical Insulation Materials at Power,Audio, and RadioFrequencies Including Metre WavelengthsIEC 296 Specification for Unused Mineral Insulating Oilsfor Tr
35、ansformers and SwitchgearIEC 606951110 Fire Hazard Testing-Part 1110: TestFlames-50 W Horizontal and Vertical Test Methods2.4 SAE Standards:5SAE J1545 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forExterior Finishes, Textiles and Color TrimSAE J1767 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forColorfa
36、stness of Automotive Interior Trim MaterialsSAE J1885 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive InteriorMaterials Using Controlled Irradiance Water CooledXenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J1960 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive ExteriorMaterials Using Controlled Irradiance Water CooledXenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J1976 Ou
37、tdoor Weathering of Exterior Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms and abbreviations ap-plying to this specification appear in Terminologies D 883 andD 1600 and Guide D 5033.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 back pressure, nthe constant pressure that is ap
38、pliedto the end of the screw while the screw is rotating andretracting to prepare for the next injection.3.2.2 brittle failure, none where the specimen test area isbroken into two or more pieces, with sharp edges, and showsalmost no plastic flow.3.2.3 cooling time, nthe time during which the materia
39、l isin the closed mold with no pressure applied.3.2.4 cycle time, nthe time required to complete a fullinjection molding cycle, including injection time, cooling time,and mold open time.3.2.5 ductile brittle transition temperature, nthe tempera-ture at which 80 % of the specimens exhibit ductile fai
40、lure.3.2.6 ductile failure, none where the specimen deformsplastically before fracturing such that the cracks do not radiatemore than 10 mm beyond the center of the impact point.3.2.7 injection pressure, nthe constant pressure that isapplied to the end of the screw, causing the melted material tofil
41、l the mold.3.2.7.1 DiscussionThe injection pressure along with theinjection speed determines the volumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.8 injection time, nthe time during which a constantspecified pressure is applied to the melted material.3.2.9 injection velocity, nthe average velocity of the meltas
42、it passes through the cross-sectional area of a cavity of asingle- or multi-cavity mold at the position that forms thecritical portion of the test specimen.3.2.10 melt temperature, nthe temperature of the materialas it is being injected into the mold, measured by a pyrometer.3.2.11 mold open time, n
43、the time beginning when themold is opened and ending when the mold is closed.3.2.12 mold temperature, nthe temperature of the moldduring the molding cycle, measured in all mold cavities and onboth platens.3.2.13 polypropylene (PP)a propylene plastic prepared bythe polymerization of propylene or prop
44、ylene with other alphaolefins (see also PP-H, PP-R, and PP-B).3.2.14 polypropylene heterophasic copolymers (PP-B)apropylene plastic consisting of two or more separate phases.These include PP+EPR, PP+EPDM, PP+IIR, PP+BR, and soforth.3.2.14.1 DiscussionThe phases consist of a polypropy-lene homopolyme
45、r (PP-H) or a polypropylene random copoly-mer (PP-R) matrix containing a dispersed olefinic elastomerhaving no other functional group, added in situ or physicallyblended into the polypropylene matrix.3.2.15 polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H)a propyleneplastic prepared by the polymerization of propylen
46、e only.3.2.16 polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R)a propy-lene plastic containing another olefinic monomer (or mono-mers) having no functional group other than the olefinic groupcopolymerized with propylene.3.2.16.1 DiscussionPolypropylene random copolymerscontaining more than one additional monome
47、r are often calledterpolymers.4. Classification4.1 Unreinforced polypropylene materials are classified intogroups in accordance with basic composition. These groups aresubdivided into classes and grades, as shown in Table PP.NOTE 2An example of this classification system is as follows. Thedesignatio
48、n PP0113 would indicate: PP = polypropylene, as found inTerminology D 1600, 01 (group) = homopolymer, 1 (class) = generalpurpose, and 3 (grade) = with requirements given in Table PP.4.1.1 The values in Table PP are based on testing that wasconducted 40 to 96 h after molding. Testing was conducted in
49、a standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2C and 50 6 5%relative humidity4.1.2 To facilitate the incorporation of future or specialmaterials not covered by Table PP, the other/unspecifiedcategory (0) for group, class, and grade is indicated on the tablewith the basic properties to be obtained from Table B or TableH, as it applies.4.1.3 Specific requirements for unreinforced polypropylenehomopolymers not covered by Table PP shall be shown by asix-character designation. The designation shall consist of theletter B
