1、Designation: D5857 14Standard Specification forPolypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials Using ISOProtocol and Methodology1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis material specification is intended to provide a call out system for polypropylene utilizingspeci
3、men preparation procedures and test method based on ISO standards.This specification is not intended for the determination of the suitability of performance of materialsin the final application. Selection of these materials is to be made by personnel with expertise in theplastics field in which the
4、environment, inherent properties of the materials, performance of the parts,part design, manufacturing process, and economics are considered.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers polypropylene materials suit-able for injection molding and extrusion. Polymers consist ofpolypropylene homopolymers, po
5、lypropylene copolymers, andpolypropylene-elastomer compounds produced with or withoutthe addition of impact modifiers (ethylene-propylene rubber,polyisobutylene rubber, and butyl rubber, and so forth),colorants, stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, or reinforcements.1.2 This specification allows for th
6、e use of those polypro-pylene materials that can be recycled, reconstituted, andreground, provided that the following conditions are met:1.2.1 The requirements as stated in this specification andother ISO guidelines pertaining to these types of materials aremet, and1.2.2 The material has not been mo
7、dified in any way to alterits conformance to food contact regulations or similar require-ments.1.3 The proportions of recycled, reconstituted, and regrindmaterial used, as well as the nature and the amount of anycontaminant, cannot be practically covered in this specifica-tion. It is the responsibil
8、ity of the supplier and buyer ofrecycled, reconstituted, and regrind materials to ensure com-pliance.1.4 The properties included in this classification system arethose required to identify the compositions covered. There maybe other requirements necessary to identify particular charac-teristics impo
9、rtant to specialized applications. These may bespecified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5 and thosein Classification System D4000.1.5 This classification system and specification are intendedto provide a means of calling out polypropylene materials usedin the fabrication of end items or p
10、arts. It is not intended for theselection of materials. Material selection should be made bythose having expertise in the plastic field after careful consid-eration of the design and the performance required of the part,the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabricationprocess to be employ
11、ed, the costs involved, and the inherentproperties of the material other than those covered by thisspecification.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 13, of this specification:This
12、specification does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this specification to establish appropriate safetyand health practices and determine the applicability of regu-latory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This speci
13、fication is similar to both ISO 1873-1 and ISO1873-2, but to different degrees. This specification resembles ISO 1873-1in title only. The content is significantly different. This specification andISO 1873-2 differ in approach or detail; data obtained using either aretechnically equivalent.1This spec
14、ification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published April 2014. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5857 - 10. DOI:1
15、0.1520/D5857-14.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Termin
16、ology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD1999 Guide for Selection of Specimens and Test Param-eters from ISO/IEC Standards (Withdrawn 2000)3D3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties ofPlastics Using Load and Displacement SensorsD3892 Practice
17、for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsD7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, andUse of Recycled Polymeric Materials and ProductsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 I
18、SO Standards:4ISO 62 PlasticsDetermination of Water AbsorptionISO 75-1 PlasticsDetermination of Temperature of De-flection Under Load, Part 1: General Test MethodISO 75-2 PlasticsDetermination of Temperature of De-flection Under Load, Part 2: Plastics and EboniteISO 105 TextilesTests for Color Fastn
19、essISO 178 PlasticsDetermination of Flexural Properties ofRigid PlasticsISO 179 PlasticsDetermination of Charpy Impact Strengthof Rigid MaterialsISO 180 PlasticsDetermination of Izod Impact Strength ofRigid MaterialsISO 293 PlasticsCompression Moulding Test Specimensof Thermoplastic MaterialISO 294
20、PlasticsInjection Moulding of Test Specimens ofThermoplastic MaterialISO 306 PlasticsThermoplastic MaterialsDeterminationof Vicat Softening TemperatureISO 527-1 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Properties,Part 1: General PrinciplesISO 527-2 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Properties,Part 2: Test Co
21、nditions for Molding and Extrusion PlasticsISO 537 PlasticsTesting with Torsional PendulumISO 604 PlasticsDetermination of Compressive PropertiesISO 868 Plastics and EboniteDetermination of IndentionHardness by Means of a Durometer (Shore Hardness)ISO 877 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to directWeather
22、ing, to Weathering Using Glass-Filtered Daylight,and to Intensified Weathering by Daylight Using FresnelMirrorsISO 899 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile CreepISO 974 PlasticsDetermination of the Brittleness Tem-perature by ImpactISO 1133 PlasticsDetermination of Melt Flow Rate ofThermoplasticsISO 118
23、3A PlasticsMethods for Determining the Densityand Relative Density of Non-Cellular PlasticsISO 1191 PlasticsPolyethylene and Polypropylenes in Di-lute SolutionsDetermination of Viscosity Number andof Limiting Viscosity NumberISO 1628-3 PlasticsDetermination of Viscosity Numberand Limiting Viscosity
24、Number, Part 3: Polyethylene andPolypropylene ResinsISO 1873-1 PlasticsPropylene and Propylene-CopolymerThermoplastics, Part 1: DesignationISO 1873-2 PlasticsPolypropylene (PP) and Propylene-Copolymer Thermoplastics, Part 2: Preparation of TestSpecimens and Determination of PropertiesISO 2039-1 Plas
25、ticsDetermination of Hardness, Part 1:Ball Indention MethodISO 2039-2 PlasticsDetermination of Hardness, Part 2:Rockwell HardnessISO 2818 PlasticsPreparation of Test Specimens by Ma-chiningISO 3451-1 PlasticsDetermination ofAsh, Part 1: GeneralMethodsISO 3795 Road Vehicles, and Tractors and Machiner
26、y forAgriculture and ForestryDetermination of Burning Be-havior of Interior MaterialsISO 4582 PlasticsDetermination of Changes in Colourand Variations in Properties after Exposure to DaylightUnder Glass, Natural Weathering or Artificial LightISO 4589 PlasticsDetermination of Flammability by Oxy-gen
27、IndexISO 4892-1 Methods of Exposure to Laboratory LightSources, Part 1: General GuidanceISO 4892-2 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to LaboratoryLight, Part 2: Xenon Arc ExposureISO 4892-3 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to LaboratoryLight, Part 3: Fluorescent UV LampsISO 6427 PlasticsDetermination of Matter
28、 Extractable byOrganic Solvents (Conventional Methods)ISO 6602 PlasticsDetermination of Flexural Creep byThree-Point LoadingISO 6603-1 PlasticsDetermination of Multiaxial ImpactBehavior of Rigid Plastics, Part 1: Falling Dart MethodISO 6603-2 PlasticsDetermination of Multiaxial ImpactBehavior of Rig
29、id Plastics, Part 2: Instrumented PunctureTestISO 8256 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Impact Prop-ertiesISO 9113 PlasticsPolypropylene (PP) and Propylene-Copolymer ThermoplasticsDetermination of IsotacticIndexISO 10350 PlasticsAcquisition and Presentation of Com-parable Single-Point DataISO 113573
30、 PlasticsDifferential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC), Part 3: Determination of Temperature and En-thalpy of Melting and Crystallization2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informat
31、ion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D5857 142ISO 11403-1
32、 PlasticsAcquisition and Presentation ofComparable Multi-Point Data, Part 1: Mechanical Prop-ertiesISO 11403-2 PlasticsAcquisition and Presentation ofComparable Multi-point DataPart 3: EnvironmentalInfluences on PropertiesISO 20753 PlasticsTest Specimens2.3 IEC Standards:4IEC 93 Recommended Methods
33、of Test for Volume andSurface Resistivities of Electrical Insulation MaterialsIEC 112 Recommended Method for Determining the Com-parative Tracking Index of Solid Insulation MaterialsUnder Moist ConditionsIEC 243-1 Recommended Methods of Test for ElectricStrength of Solid Insulating Materials at Powe
34、r Frequen-ciesIEC 250 Recommended Methods for the Determination ofthe Permittivity and Dielectric Dissipation Factor ofElectrical Insulation Materials at Power,Audio, and RadioFrequencies Including Metre WavelengthsIEC 296 Specification for Unused Mineral Insulating Oilsfor Transformers and Switchge
35、arIEC 606951110 Fire Hazard Testing-Part 1110: TestFlames-50 W Horizontal and Vertical Test Methods2.4 SAE Standards:5SAE J1545 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forExterior Finishes, Textiles and Color TrimSAE J1767 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forColorfastness of Automotive In
36、terior Trim MaterialsSAE J1885 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive InteriorMaterials Using Controlled Irradiance Water CooledXenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J1960 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive ExteriorMaterials Using Controlled Irradiance Water CooledXenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J1976 Outdoor Weathering of Ext
37、erior Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms and abbreviations ap-plying to this specification appear in Terminologies D883 andD1600 and Guide D7209.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 back pressure, nthe constant pressure that is appliedto the end of the scr
38、ew while the screw is rotating andretracting to prepare for the next injection.3.2.2 brittle failure, none where the specimen test area isbroken into two or more pieces, with sharp edges, and showsalmost no plastic flow.3.2.3 cooling time, nthe time during which the material isin the closed mold wit
39、h no pressure applied.3.2.4 cycle time, nthe time required to complete a fullinjection molding cycle, including injection time, cooling time,and mold open time.3.2.5 ductile brittle transition temperature, nthe tempera-ture at which 80 % of the specimens exhibit ductile failure.3.2.6 ductile failure
40、, none where the specimen deformsplastically before fracturing such that the cracks do not radiatemore than 10 mm beyond the center of the impact point.3.2.7 injection pressure, nthe constant pressure that isapplied to the end of the screw, causing the melted material tofill the mold.3.2.7.1 Discuss
41、ionThe injection pressure along with theinjection speed determines the volumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.8 injection time, nthe time during which a constantspecified pressure is applied to the melted material.3.2.9 injection velocity, nthe average velocity of the meltas it passes through the cros
42、s-sectional area of a cavity of asingle- or multi-cavity mold at the position that forms thecritical portion of the test specimen.3.2.10 melt temperature, nthe temperature of the materialas it is being injected into the mold, measured by a pyrometer.3.2.11 mold open time, nthe time beginning when th
43、emold is opened and ending when the mold is closed.3.2.12 mold temperature, nthe temperature of the moldduring the molding cycle, measured in all mold cavities and onboth platens.3.2.13 polypropylene (PP)a propylene plastic prepared bythe polymerization of propylene or propylene with other alphaolef
44、ins (see also PP-H, PP-R, and PP-B).3.2.14 polypropylene heterophasic copolymers (PP-B)apropylene plastic consisting of two or more separate phases.These include PP+EPR, PP+EPDM, PP+IIR, PP+BR, and soforth.3.2.14.1 DiscussionThe phases consist of a polypropylenehomopolymer (PP-H) or a polypropylene
45、random copolymer(PP-R) matrix containing a dispersed olefinic elastomer havingno other functional group, added in situ or physically blendedinto the polypropylene matrix.3.2.15 polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H)a propyleneplastic prepared by the polymerization of propylene only.3.2.16 polypropylene ra
46、ndom copolymer (PP-R)a propyl-ene plastic containing another olefinic monomer (or mono-mers) having no functional group other than the olefinic groupcopolymerized with propylene.3.2.16.1 DiscussionPolypropylene random copolymerscontaining more than one additional monomer are often calledterpolymers.
47、4. Classification4.1 Unreinforced polypropylene materials are classified intogroups in accordance with basic composition. These groups aresubdivided into classes and grades, as shown in Table PP.NOTE 2An example of this classification system is as follows. Thedesignation PP0113 would indicate: PP =
48、polypropylene, as found inTerminology D1600, 01 (group) = homopolymer, 1 (class) = generalpurpose, and 3 (grade) = with requirements given in Table PP.5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.D5857 1434.1.1 The values in
49、 Table PP are based on testing that wasconducted 40 to 96 h after molding. Testing was conducted ina standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2C and 50 6 5%relative humidity4.1.2 To facilitate the incorporation of future or specialmaterials not covered by Table PP, the other/unspecifiedcategory (0) for group, class, and grade is indicated on the tablewith the basic properties to be obtained from Table B or TableH, as it applies.4.1.3 Specific requirements for unreinforced polypropylenehomopolymers not covered
