1、Designation: D 5866 05Standard Test Method forNeps in Cotton Fibers (AFIS-N Instrument)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5866; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantity and size of neps incotton using the AFIS-N instrument.1.2 This test method is intended primarily for te
3、sting rawand processed cotton fibers.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and
4、 health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for TestingE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Prec
5、ision of a Test MethodD 7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, refer to Termi-nology D 7139.3.1.1 The following term is relevant to this standard: nep.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D 123.4. Summary of Test M
6、ethod4.1 Fibers in a specimen are individualized and cleaned byan aeromechanical separator, then transported by an airstreamto an optical sensor. Fibers and neps pass through an infraredlight source. The scattered light is measured by detectorslocated at optimum angles to the light source. The detec
7、tedlight from the fibers and neps generate voltages and respectivewaveforms.4.2 The AFIS-N instrument counts the number of nepsdetected and measures the size (diameter) of each nep in a 0.4to 0.6-g specimen. Test data are presented in a histogramshowing the mean or average nep size and the total num
8、ber ofneps.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a consistent and repeatablemeasurement of fiber nep count and size. Standard checkcottons are supplied by the manufacturer to ensure consistentmeasurement levels and laboratory-to-laboratory precision.5.2 Results of the instrument corre
9、late well to eye countsfrom card web samples. The instrument is more sensitive thanthe human eye, giving the instrument a higher level of countthan is normally counted by the human eye.5.3 This test method is an objective way to count neps inraw and processed cotton because there is no operator infl
10、uenceon nep count or size.5.4 Neps are made by one or more of the various mechani-cal processes from cotton harvesting to spinning. For almost alltypes of yarn or fabric, neps are considered defects. Themeasurement of nep size and quantity going into, and comingout of, a process is used to make adju
11、stments in machinery toreduce or eliminate the manufacture of neps.5.5 This test method for determination of the quantity andsize of neps in cotton samples used in the trade and isconsidered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercialshipments when the level of tests results in the laboratory
12、of thepurchaser and the laboratory of the supplier are controlled bythe use of the same laboratory control samples.5.5.1 In case of dispute arising from differences in reportedtest results when using this test method for acceptance testingof commercial shipments, the purchaser and the suppliershould
13、 conduct comparative tests to determine if there is astatistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statisticalassistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As aminimum, the two parties should take a group of test speci-mens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from al
14、ot of material of the type in question. The test specimensshould then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to eachlaboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parti
15、es before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 1995. La
16、st previous edition approved in 1995 as D 5866 95.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright
17、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results with consid-eration to the known bias.6. Apparatus and Material6.1 AFIS-N Instrument3
18、with accessories as shown in Fig.1. The capacity of the balance is 300 g with at least 0.01-gsensitivity.6.1.1 Fiber Individualizer, for opening, cleaning, and indi-vidualizing the fibers. See Fig. 2.6.1.2 Optical Sensor, for counting and sizing neps. See Fig.3.6.2 Check Cottons37. Sampling7.1 Lot S
19、ampleFor acceptance testing, take lot samples inthe applicable material specifications or, in the absence of sucha document, as directed in Practice D 1441.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween sam
20、pling units, between laboratory samples within a samplingunit, and between test specimens within a laboratory sample to provide asampling plan with a meaningful producers risk, acceptable quality level,and limiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory SamplesFor acceptance testing, take a 10to 12-g sample f
21、rom each laboratory sampling unit in the lotsample.7.2.1 For process evaluation, take card sliver samples whilecards are operating at processing speeds. Take other processedmaterial samples while the yarn mill opening and cleaninglines are operating at production flow rates.7.3 Test SpecimensTake fi
22、ve 0.4 to 0.6-g specimens atrandom from each laboratory sampling unit. Specimens ofsliver should contain a complete cross section of the entire cardor comber web.7.3.1 For specimens not in sliver form, hand draft eachspecimen into a sliver to within 6 10 mm of the lengthspecified by the instrument s
23、oftware. The specimen slivershould be uniform, having no gaps or large undrafted clumps ofcotton.7.3.2 For specimens in sliver form, use the techniques givenin the instruments instruction manual.8. Preparation and Adjustment of Apparatus8.1 Set up the AFIS-N instrument as directed by themanufacturer
24、s instructions.8.2 Before making any tests, allow the instrument to warmup for at least 5 min for the electronics and airflow to stabilize.8.3 Check the airflow requirements according to the manu-facturers instructions.3Equipment and check cottons are available from Uster Technologies, Inc., 456Troy
25、 Circle, P.O. Box 51270, Knoxville, TN 37950-1270.FIG. 1 Front View of the AFIS-N InstrumentFIG. 2 Diagram of the AFIS Fiber IndividualizerFIG. 3 Schematic of a AFIS Optical SensorD58660528.4 Test ten test specimens each of two check cottons atleast once a week. Record these results and compare them
26、 tothe values supplied by the manufacturer.8.4.1 The average of the ten tests on each of the checkcottons should be within 6 15 % of the designated values;otherwise, consultation with the manufacturers representativeis necessary.9. Conditioning9.1 Samples do not need to be conditioned before testing
27、.Moisture and temperature levels have no effect on the nepmeasurement.10. Procedure10.1 Test each specimen following the instruments instruc-tion manual.10.2 Slowly feed each test specimen under the rotating feedroll to allow the specimen to be pulled into the feed roll beltwithout wadding.10.3 When
28、 the test is completed, the instrument will auto-matically purge the system and clean the fiber individualizer.10.4 Manually clean the fiber individualizer following themanufacturers instructions after 20 to 30 h of operation. Anhour meter allows monitoring for scheduled cleaning.11. Calculation11.1
29、 All calculations are performed by the internal micro-processor of the AFIS-N instrument and data displayed at themonitor and, if programmed, printed out.12. Report12.1 State that the specimens were tested for neps asdirected in this test method. Describe the material and themethod of sampling used.
30、12.2 Report the following information:12.2.1 Nep count for each specimen,12.2.2 Average nep size (diameter) for each specimen, and12.2.3 Summary histogram of nep sizes.13. Precision and Bias413.1 Interlaboratory Test DataInterlaboratory study ofneps in cotton as measured by the AFIS-N instrument was
31、conducted in 1994 by seven laboratories with eight materialswith each laboratory obtaining ten test results for each mate-rial.13.1.1 Material ACotton; card mat from Memphis origin.13.1.2 Material BCotton; card sliver from Memphis ori-gin.13.1.3 Material CCotton; finish drawn sliver from Mem-phis or
32、igin.13.1.4 Material DCotton; upland bale stock from WestTexas origin.13.1.5 Material ECotton; card mat from East Texasorigin.13.1.6 Material FCotton; card sliver from West Texasorigin.13.1.7 Material GCotton; pima bale stock from Arizonaorigin.13.1.8 Material HCotton; upland bale stock from Mem-phi
33、s origin.13.2 PrecisionThe averages of observed values should beconsidered significantly different at the 95 % probability levelif the differences equal or exceed the precision parameter listedin Table 1.13.2.1 The statistical report was prepared using ASTMsoftware for Practice E 691.13.3 BiasSince
34、there is no accepted reference material fordetermining bias in this test method for measuring neps by theAFIS-N instrument, no statement on bias is being made.14. Keywords14.1 cotton; nepsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with an
35、y item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical
36、 committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration a
37、t a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
38、Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.ast
39、m.org).4A copy of this research report is on file and available at ASTM Headquarters.Request RR:D13-1091.TABLE 1 Summary of Precision ParametersMaterialAverageNepCountRepeatabilityStandardDeviation(Within aLaboratory)ReproducibilityStandardDeviation(BetweenLaboratories)95 %RepeatabilityLimit (Withina Laboratory)95 %ReproducibilityLimit (BetweenLaboratories)C 6 3.1 3.1 8.6 9.6B 86 15.1 16.5 42.1 46.1F 109 15.0 18.8 42.1 52.7G 138 31.6 37.3 88.6 104.4H 348 32.4 37.2 87.8 104.2D 516 44.3 44.3 124.0 124.0A 650 50.6 63.5 141.8 177.9E 824 49.7 58.2 139.2 163.1D5866053
