1、Designation: D5866 12Standard Test Method forNeps in Cotton Fibers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5866; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indica
2、tes the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the quantityand size of neps in cotton using various instruments.1.2 This test method is intended for testing ginned cot
3、tonand cotton taken from various fiber processing stages.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresp
4、onsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for TestingE
5、691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodD7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, refer to Termi-nology D7139.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:ginned lint, nep, sliver.3.2
6、For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A pre-weighed mass of cotton fibers is prepared perinstrument manufacturer specifications. The instrument thenquantifies the neps and measures the size (diameter) of eachnep.4.2 Test data shows the m
7、ean or average nep size and thetotal number of neps per unit mass.5. Significance and Use5.1 Entangled cotton fibers that form neps have two sources:those that occur naturally as the cotton fiber develops on theplant into lint that is ready to be harvested and those that occurfrom mechanical action
8、in harvesting, ginning, cleaning, card-ing or from a combination of mechanical action.5.2 This test method does not identify whether the nepscounted and measured are a result of seed variety, environmen-tal influences, type of harvesting, or a result of mechanicalprocessing. However, this informatio
9、n can be obtained fromstudies where samples are taken from plants in the field beforeharvesting and ginning, before and after cleaning, and cardingbefore spinning.5.3 The measurement of nep size and quantity going into,and coming out of, a fiber processing stage are commonly usedto make adjustments
10、in the processing machinery to reduce oreliminate the generation of mechanical neps. Neps that remainin spun yarns have a direct influence on neps in fabrics. Foralmost all types of yarn or fabric, neps are considered defects.5.4 This test method provides a consistent and repeatablemeasurement of fi
11、ber nep count and size. Check cotton samplessupplied by the manufacturer are used to verify consistentmeasurement levels and laboratory-to-laboratory precision.5.5 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing when the levels of the laboratories are controlledby the use of the
12、same reference standard cotton samplesbecause the current estimates of between-laboratory precisionare acceptable under these conditions. If there are differencesof practical significance between reported test results for twolaboratories or more, comparative tests should be performed todetermine if
13、there is a statistical bias between them usingcompetent statistical assistance. At a minimum, ensure the testsamples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawnfrom the material from which the disparate test results wereobtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to eachlaboratory
14、for testing. The test from the two laboratories shouldbe compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at aprobability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
15、ittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published January 2013. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5866 05. DOI:10.1520/D5866-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at s
16、erviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1found, either its cause must be found and corrected,
17、or futuretest results for that material must be adjusted in considerationof the known bias.6. Apparatus and Material6.1 An instrument with a fiber individualizer for opening,cleaning, and individualizing the fibers, and with an appropri-ate sensor for counting and sizing neps.6.2 Check Cottons37. Sa
18、mpling7.1 Lot SampleFor acceptance testing, take lot samples inthe applicable material specifications or, in the absence of sucha document, as directed in Practice D1441.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thebuyer and seller requires taking into account the variability betwee
19、nsampling units, between laboratory samples within a sampling unit, andbetween test specimens within a laboratory sample to provide a samplingplan with a meaningful producers risk, acceptable quality level, andlimiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory SamplesFor ginned cotton testing, takethe recommende
20、d amount of cotton fiber as indicated by themanufacturer from each sampling unit in the lot sample orsubsamples from the lot samples.7.3 For processing evaluations, take laboratory samplesfrom processing stages while opening and cleaning lines areoperating at normal production flow rates or from car
21、dingmachines while they are operating at specific processingspeeds.7.3.1 Laboratory samples from opening and cleaning pro-cessing stages will be in loose fiber form and will requirespecial handling to prepare test specimens. Please refer to themanufacturers specific instructions for the proper prepa
22、rationand handling for testing.7.3.2 Laboratory samples from carding process will be insliver form ready for specimen preparation. The sliver labora-tory should contain a complete cross section of the entire cardor comber web.8. Preparation and Adjustment of Apparatus8.1 Set up the instrument as dir
23、ected by the manufacturersinstructions.8.2 Allow the instrument to warm up for at least 5 minbefore performing any tests, giving time for the electronics andany airflow to stabilize.8.3 If the instrument requires airflow, check the require-ments according to the manufacturers instructions.8.4 From t
24、wo check cotton samples, test ten specimensprepared according to 10.1 and 10.2 at least once a week.Record the test data and compare them to the values suppliedby the manufacturer.8.4.1 The average of the ten tests on each of the checkcotton samples should be within 615 % of the designatedvalues; ot
25、herwise, consultation with the manufacturers repre-sentative is necessary.9. Conditioning9.1 Neither laboratory samples nor test specimens need tobe conditioned before testing. Moisture and temperature levelshave no effect on the nep measurement.10. Specimens10.1 Test SpecimensTake the manufacturers
26、 suggestednumber of specimens at random from each laboratory samplefor single specimen feed instruments and for models with anautomatic specimen feeding accessory. The weight and lengthof each specimen should be measured carefully according tothe manufacturers instructions.10.2 For instruments that
27、require the specimen to be insliver from, hand draft each specimen into a sliver to within610 mm of the length specified by the instruments manufac-turer. The consistency of the sliver specimen should beuniform, having no gaps or large undrafted clumps of cottonfibers.11. Procedure11.1 Test each spe
28、cimen following the instruments instruc-tion manual.11.1.1 For instruments that have a single-specimen feedingslot, slowly feed a test specimen under the rotating feed roll toallow the specimen to be pulled into the feed roll belt withoutwadding. Allow the specimen to be pulled completely throughthe
29、 test zone. If the instrument has an automatic specimenfeeding carousel feature, insert a specimen into the appropriatecylinder.11.1.2 For instruments that have an automatic specimenfeeding carousel, prepare specimens from all laboratorysamples up to the limit allowed for the carousel. Take care tok
30、eep specimens from the same sample in sequential order. Toassist with inserting sliver specimens into the carouselcylinders, a knitting needle may be used to push the specimeninto the lower section of the cylinder to ensure the specimenwill be taken into the testing zone.11.2 For both of the single-
31、feed and automatic specimenfeed instruments, the instrument will automatically purge thesystem and clean the fiber individualizer when a test iscompleted.11.3 The instrument will require the fiber individualizer tobe manually cleaned after operating for a certain amount oftime or number of tests. Re
32、fer to the manufacturers instruc-tions for suggested manual cleaning.12. Calculation12.1 All calculations are performed by test instrumentsmicroprocessor and software reporting programs.13. Report13.1 State that the specimens were tested for neps asdirected in this test method and note the make and
33、model of the3Equipment and check cottons are available from each specific manufacturer.D5866 122instrument used to test the specimens. Describe the samplingmethod used, lot sample, and sample identification.13.2 Report the following information for each laboratorysample:13.2.1 Nep count,13.2.2 Avera
34、ge nep size (diameter in mm).13.2.3 Summary histogram of nep sizes (if given by theinstrument).14. Precision and Bias414.1 PrecisionThe averages of observed values should beconsidered significantly different at the 95 % probability levelif the differences equal or exceed the precision parameter list
35、edin Table 1.14.1.1 The statistical report was prepared using ASTMsoftware for Practice E691.14.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material fordetermining bias in this test method for measuring neps, nostatement on bias is being made.15. Keywords15.1 cotton; neps; sliversASTM International t
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41、:D13-1091.TABLE 1 Summary of Precision ParametersMaterialAverageNepCountRepeatabilityStandardDeviation(Within aLaboratory)ReproducibilityStandardDeviation(BetweenLaboratories)95 %RepeatabilityLimit(WithinaLaboratory)95 %ReproducibilityLimit (BetweenLaboratories)C 6 3.1 3.1 8.6 9.6B 86 15.1 16.5 42.1 46.1F 109 15.0 18.8 42.1 52.7G 138 31.6 37.3 88.6 104.4H 348 32.4 37.2 87.8 104.2D 516 44.3 44.3 124.0 124.0A 650 50.6 63.5 141.8 177.9E 824 49.7 58.2 139.2 163.1D5866 123
