1、Designation:D587095 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: D5870 11Standard Practice forCalculating Property Retention Index of Plastics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers procedures for the calculation of a property retention index (PRI) of thermopla
3、stic and thermosetplastics after exposure to thermal aging, natural or artificial accelerated weathering, or chemical exposures.1.2 This practice is not intended to establish a fixed procedure for conducting the exposure test, but it is intended to providea set of specific procedures used to calcula
4、te the retention index of a characteristic property of the material after it has beenexposed. Selection of the specific exposure test conditions depends on the material being tested and the property being measured.It is up to the user to determine which exposure test conditions are most relevant to
5、the specific material and the service conditionbeing used. The exposure test used must be conducted in accordance with conditions described in specific exposure standards.1.3 This practice does not describe procedures for sampling the materials to be tested. These procedures are described in thestan
6、dards and specifications applicable to the material being evaluated.1.4 The procedure used to calculate the PRI depends on whether the test used to characterize the materials being exposed isdestructive or nondestructive. The PRI can be useful in describing short-term mechanical, electrical, and oth
7、er properties of plasticsat specified temperatures after the materials have been subjected to an exposure test.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safe
8、ty and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. ISO DIS 11248 is significantly different since it pertains only to thermosetting resins.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D543 Practices for Ev
9、aluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical ReagentsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1435 Practice for Outdoor Weathering of PlasticsF1499 Specification for Coextruded Composite Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe (DWV)D1898 Practice for Sampling o
10、f Plastics3D2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor ApplicationsD3045 Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without LoadD4329 Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of PlasticsD4364 Practice for Performing Outdoor Accelerated Weathering Tests of Plastics Using Concentrated
11、SunlightD4459 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Indoor ApplicationsD4674 Practice for Accelerated Testing for Color Stability of Plastics Exposed to Indoor Office EnvironmentsD6360 Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposures of PlasticsG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and A
12、rtificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 291 PlasticsStandard Atmospheres for Conditioning and TestingISO 877 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to Direct Weathering, to Weathering Using Glass Filtered Daylight, and to Intensified1This practice is under the jurisdiction of
13、ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D5870-95. DOI:10.1520/D5870-95R03.Current edition approv
14、ed Feb. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5870 - 95(2003). DOI:10.1520/D5870-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Stan
15、dardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide
16、the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the stan
17、dard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Weathering by Daylight Using Fresnel MirrorsISO 4892
18、 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources Part 1: General Guidance, Part 2: XenonArc Exposures,Part 3: Fluorescent UV Exposures, and Part 4: Filtered Open Flame Carbon Arc ExposuresISO DIS 11248 PlasticsThermosetting Molding Materials, Evaluation of Short-Term Performance at Elevated
19、Temperatures3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: The terminology given in Terminologies D883 and G113 is applicable to this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 The property retention index (PRI) determined by this practice is intended primarily to provide relative durabilityperformance information on mate
20、rials for design engineers. It is up to the user to ensure that appropriate sampling procedures areused for the selection of specimens to be exposed so that the PRI data obtained is actually representative of the material beingevaluated.4.2 The PRI obtained depends on the material being tested, prop
21、erty being evaluated, and exposure condition used. A PRIobtained for one property will probably not be the same as the PRI for a different property of the same material, even if the sameexposure test is used.4.3 Plastics exposed to a combination of environmental and thermal treatments may undergo a
22、change in functionalperformance. Any laboratory-accelerated aging procedure, especially those that use only a single stress, may not realisticallyindicate the changes a plastic may undergo in actual use conditions. This practice provides a means for expressing the changes inproperties as a function
23、of time exposed in a wide variety of tests. The PRI data obtained is best used for comparing theperformance of materials subjected to the same exposure test simultaneously.4.3.1 Both laboratory-accelerated and outdoor exposure testing can be highly variable, and the PRI data will be influenced bythi
24、s variability. For example, PRI data from outdoor exposures can vary depending on the exposure location and the time of yearwhen the exposure is conducted. Variability in laboratory-accelerated exposure tests can result in large differences in PRI data fromtwo laboratories running supposedly identic
25、al tests. PRI data obtained from exposure to laboratory-accelerated tests cannot be usedto predict the PRI for exposure to natural weathering or actual use conditions unless there is a sufficient amount of data from bothtypes of exposure to allow valid statistical comparisons.4.4 A number of differe
26、nt exposure techniques can be used to provide information on the effects of environmental stresses suchas light, heat, and water on plastics (see Practices D1435, F1499, D2565, D4329, D4364, and D4459; Test Method D4674; andISO 4892 and ; and ISO 877 and ISO 4892). When it is desirable to evaluate t
27、he effects of heat alone, exposures should beconducted in accordance with Practice D3045. When it is desirable to evaluate the effects of chemical exposures, the exposuresshould be conducted in accordance with Test Method D543.4.5 There are a number of factors influencing the physical properties and
28、 the retention of these properties after exposure. Inaddition to a complete description of the exposure test conditions used, the following information shall be included in any reportreferencing this practice: (1) complete description of the material tested, including the type, source, manufacturers
29、 code number,form, and previous history; (2) methods of preparation for the material and individual test specimens; (3) procedure used forspecimen conditioning prior to and after exposure; (4) complete description of the environment in which the physical propertieswere determined (for example, tempe
30、rature and relative humidity); (5) complete description of the procedure used to determinethe physical properties tested, including the rate at which specimens were tested, if applicable; (6) if applicable, void content ofthe specimens tested and the method used to measure void content.NOTE 2It is n
31、ot the intent of this practice to require users to divulge proprietary information regarding composition. To avoid divulging proprietaryinformation, generic descriptions may be used to provide information on material composition.4.6 When destructive tests are used to determine a physical or chemical
32、 change, or both, which occurs as a result of exposure,the amount of change is expressed as a function of the value obtained for the material tested at a specified test environment (forexample, temperature and humidity). The exposed and reference specimens are measured at the same time in the specif
33、ied testenvironment.4.7 When nondestructive tests are used to determine a physical or chemical change, or both, which occurs as a result ofexposure, the amount of change is expressed as a function of the value obtained on the specimens prior to exposure. Propertymeasurement tests on the specimens be
34、fore and after exposure shall be conducted at the same conditions (for example, temperatureand humidity).4.8 The property or properties to be measured may be specified in anASTM, ISO, or other appropriate standard for the materialbeing tested, or by any prior agreement between interested parties. If
35、 the method used to measure the property being evaluated isnot described in an ASTM, ISO, or other appropriate standard, a description of the test method shall be included in the report oftest results.4.9 It is realized that a material cannot be tested without specifying the method of preparation. T
36、o have any meaning incomparative testing, specimens of each material being evaluated by these test procedures should be prepared or molded from thesame lot under identical processing conditions and randomized prior to testing at the conditions desired. It must be realized thatlot-to-lot variation in
37、 the material may cause additional variability in results.D5870 112NOTE 3For those plastics with a Tg greater than ambient, the slow collapse of free volume, with attendant significant changes in mechanicalproperties such as fatigue resistance, impact resistance, yield stress, and vapor transmission
38、, etc. will be accelerated at elevated temperatures below theTg but will be reversed at temperatures above the Tg. Therefore, incubation at elevated temperatures in the Tg range may be erratically susceptible tooven fluctuation effects.4.10 The results depend on which side of the test specimen is ex
39、posed with some tests. In bending tests, for example, differentresults are obtained in accordance with whether the exposed surface or the unexposed surface of the test specimen is placed undertension. Care must be taken to ensure that all specimens being exposed have the same orientation in the test
40、 fixture used to holdthe specimens during exposure. In addition, the results also depend on the orientation of test specimens during the procedure usedto measure the property being monitored. This is especially true with impact tests. During the procedure used to measure thecharacteristic property,
41、care must be taken to ensure that all specimens are oriented the same way in the test fixture.4.11 Before proceeding with this practice, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any testspecimen preparation, conditioning, or dimensions, or some combination thereof,
42、 and testing parameters covered in the materialsspecification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this practice. The default conditions described in this practice applyif there are no material specifications.5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus used for exposure and measurement of the property de
43、sired will depend on the particular exposure used andproperty being measured. Refer to the appropriate ASTM or ISO standards for requirements on the apparatus needed.6. Sampling6.1 Sampling of materials for testing is covered under applicable standards or specifications for the material being tested
44、.6.2 It is important to select samples for testing that are representative of the material being evaluated. Procedures for samplingplastics are described in Practice D1898.7. Test Specimens7.1 The test specimens shall be in accordance with the appropriate test method used for the properties being me
45、asured.7.2 All test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with the pertinent material standards and other relevantASTM standards.7.3 Annealing of thermoplastic materials and post-curing of thermosetting materials has a significant effect on many properties.To minimize errors caused by these effe
46、cts, annealing and post-curing shall be conducted accurately in accordance with pertinentmaterial standards or, if not available, in accordance with the material manufacturers recommendations. The conditions used forany annealing or post curing of specimens shall be reported.7.4 The number of specim
47、ens tested shall be in accordance with the test method for the particular properties being measured.Large numbers of test specimens should be used in cases of extreme variability, in which the standard deviation of test results ismore than 20 % of the mean value. If the test method used does not req
48、uire a specific number of test specimens, a minimum offive replicate specimens of each material shall be used.8. Procedure8.1 Exposure of Test Specimens8.1.1 When determining the PRI for materials exposed to natural weathering, conduct exposures in accordance with PracticeD1435.8.1.2 When the PRI fo
49、r exposure to concentrated natural sunlight is to be determined, conduct exposures in accordance withPractice D4364.8.1.3 When the PRI for exposure to laboratory light sources is to be determined, conduct exposures in accordance with one ofthe following ASTM standards:(1) Practice F1499 for exposures to filtered open-flame carbon-arc light sources;(2) Practice D2565 for exposures to xenon-arc light sources;(3) Practice D4329 for exposure to fluorescent ultraviolet (UV) light sources; and(4) Practice D6360, D4329 for exposures to enclosed carbon-arc light sources;(5) Proced
