ASTM D5879-1995(2003) Standard Practice for Surface Site Characterization for On-Site Septic Systems《现场腐化装置的地点表面特征的标准实施规程》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 5879 95 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forSurface Site Characterization for On-Site Septic Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5879; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for the characterizationof surface conditions at a site for evaluating suitabi
3、lity for anon-site septic system for disposal and treatment of wastewater.This practice provides a method for identifying potentiallysuitable areas for soil absorption of septic tank wastewater.1.2 This practice can be used at any site where on-sitetreatment of residential and nonhazardous commercia
4、l waste-waters using septic tanks and natural soils or constructed filterbeds is required or an option under consideration. This practicemay also be useful when constructed wetlands are used as analternative wastewater treatment method.1.3 This practice should be used in conjunction with Prac-tices
5、D 5921 and D 5925.1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice maybe applicable in all circumstances. Thi
6、s ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this document be applied without consideration ofa projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle of this document means only that
7、 the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 5921 Practice for Subsurface Characterization of Test Pitsfor On-Site Septic SystemsD 5925 Practice for Preliminary Sizing and Delineation ofSoil Absorption Field Areas for On-Site Septic S
8、ystem3. Terminology3.1 clinometer, nan instrument for measuring inclination,as in topographic slope.3.2 constructed filter bed, na material, usually of a sandytexture, placed above or in an excavated portion of the naturalsoil for filtration and purification of wastewater from an on-siteseptic syste
9、m.3.3 on-site septic system, nany wastewater treatment anddisposal system that uses a septic tank or functionally equiva-lent device for collecting waste solids and treats wastewaterusing natural soils, or constructed filter beds with disposal ofthe treated wastewater into the natural soil.3.4 poten
10、tially suitable field area, nthe portions of a sitethat remain after observable limiting surface features, such asexcessive slope, unsuitable landscape position, proximity towater supplies, and applicable setbacks, have been excluded.3.5 recommended field area, nthe portion of the poten-tially suita
11、ble field area at a site that has been determined to bemost suitable for an on-site septic system soil absorption fieldor filter bed based on surface and subsurface observations.3.6 soil absorption area, nan area of natural soil used forfiltration and purification of wastewater from an on-site septi
12、csystem.3.7 soil absorption field area, nan area that includes soilabsorption trenches and any soil barriers between the trenches.Also called a leachfield.3.8 soil absorption trench, nan excavated trench, usually1.5 to 3 ft wide that receives wastewater for treatment. Alsocalled a lateral or leachli
13、ne.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes a procedure using existing infor-mation about a site, simple field equipment, and visual obser-vation for identifying and evaluating all significant conditionsat the surface of a site, including climate, vegetation, topogra-phy, surface drainage,
14、water sources, and human influences(structures, property lines), that may affect the suitability fordesign and construction of an on-site septic system. Theprocedure involves exclusion of areas that are unsuitable fornatural soil absorption or constructed filter beds as a result oftopography, landsc
15、ape position, and proximity to surface1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface andSubsurface Characterization.Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published February 1996.2For referenced ASTM
16、standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
17、en, PA 19428-2959, United States.drainage, water sources, and other limiting surface character-istics (structures, utilities, property lines). If no areas at a sitecomply with applicable regulatory requirements, no additionalfield investigations are required. This procedure also providesguidance on
18、selection of the specific area or areas at a site forsubsurface investigation as covered in Practice D 5921.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice should be used as the initial step forevaluating a site for its potential to support an on-site septicsystem and to determine the best location for sub
19、surfaceobservations as covered in Practice D 5921.5.2 This practice should be used by individuals involvedwith the evaluation of properties for the use of on-site septicsystems. Such individuals may be required to be licensed,certified, or meet minimum educational requirements by thelocal or state r
20、egulatory authority. Generally, such individualsshould be familiar with the appropriate regulatory requirementsgoverning the design and placement of on-site septic systemsfor the area of the site being investigated, and at least someexperience or training in geomorphology, soils, geology, andhydrolo
21、gy.35.3 This practice is one step in the design of an on-siteseptic system that also includes subsurface characterization,see Practice D 5921, staking and protection of the soil absorp-tion or constructed filter bed area, see Practice D 5925,selection of system type, and design of the system size an
22、dconfiguration. Typically, the same individual will perform thesurface and subsurface characterization of a site. Local regu-lation and practice will determine whether the same individualis responsible for all steps in the process of locating anddesigning an on-site septic system. Effective surface
23、andsubsurface characterization of a site for on-site septic systems,however, requires some knowledge of the following for thecounty or state in which the site is located: (1) on-site septicsystem types typically used for different soil conditions, and(2) typical soil absorption/filter bed areas requ
24、ired for differentwastewater flow rates and areal soil wastewater loading rates.6. Field Equipment6.1 In addition to equipment identified in Practice D 5925,additional equipment useful for site surface investigationsinclude the following:6.1.1 Clinometer or Hand Level, and a Surveyors or otherrod fo
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