1、Designation: D5883 121Standard Guide forUse of Rotary Kiln Produced Expanded Shale, Clay or Slate(ESCS) as a Mineral Amendment in Topsoil Used forLandscaping and Related Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5883; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、 year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially updated units of measurement statement in Apri
3、l 2018.1. Scope*1.1 This guide covers the material characteristics, physicalrequirements, and sampling appropriate for the designation ofthe material as a mineral amendment.1.2 The presence in the topsoil of the correct nutrient andpH level is necessary for healthy plant growth. This guide doesnot,
4、however, cover a determination of the nutrients, nor theiravailability.2NOTE 1The nutrient content of topsoil is important and the chemicalsusually evaluated are nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium. Nutrient defi-ciencies may be corrected by using fertilizers. Excess soluble salts shouldbe examined a
5、s to their desirability. The acidity or alkalinity of the soil isalso important. Excess acidity may be corrected by the application of limedust. Excess alkalinity may be corrected by the application of sulfur orother suitable acidifying compounds. The latter item, in addition tolowering pH, also cou
6、ld be considered as an aggregate when consideringthe particle size distribution.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to addre
7、ss all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This guide offers an organized collect
8、ion of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action. This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances. This ASTM standard is not
9、intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged, nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has bee
10、n approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the
11、World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)and Voids in AggregateC566 Test Method for Total Evaporable Moisture Content ofAggregate by DryingD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD6
12、53 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD1140 Test Methods for Determining the Amount of Mate-rial Finer than 75-m (No. 200) Sieve in Soils by WashingD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Desi
13、gn and ConstructionD4972 Test Method for pH of SoilsD5268 Specification for Topsoil Used for Landscaping Pur-posesE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommitte
14、e D18.22 on Media for Plant Growth.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5883 96 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/D5883-12E01.2Nutrient testing procedures are found in the state Agricultural ExperimentStation recomme
15、ndations from the state within which the landscape is located,“Methods of Soil Analysis” Editor-in-Chief: C. A. Black, Agronomy No. 9, Vol 2,American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, WI, and Hesse, P.R., A Textbook ofSoil Chemical Analysis, Chemical Publishing Co., New York, NY 1972.3For referenc
16、ed ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright
17、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International
18、Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used in thisguide, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 amendment, phy
19、sicalany substance, such as sand,calcined clay, peat, or sawdust, added to the soil to alter itsphysical properties.3.2.2 slit trench draina narrow trench (usually 5 to 10centimeters wide) back-filled to the surface with a material,such as sand, gravel, or crushed rock, to facilitate surface orsubst
20、ance drainage.3.2.3 soil modification, nalteration of soil characteristicsby addition of physical amendments: commonly used toimprove physical conditions of soils.3.2.4 topsoil, nusually the original surface layer of grass-land or cultivated land. Topsoil does not generally include soilfrom peatland
21、s or other special areas, such as land disturbed byindustrial activity. Topsoil is usually a darker shade of brown,gray, or red than the subsoil that lies immediately beneath it,because it contains organic matter intimately mixed with themineral matter. Topsoil tends to be more friable and pervioust
22、han inorganic soils.4. Significance and Use4.1 When physically evaluating a soil, relative to its suit-ability to support plant growth (primarily grasses), tests mustbe performed to determine the presence and amount of solidmatter (organic and inorganic) compatibility that can determinepotential air
23、-void content and water-holding ability, and finally,deleterious materials.4.2 Typical general ranges of soil content for suitabletopsoils are presented in Specification D5268. It should berecognized, however, that in some geographic regions, concur-rence with the values in the referenced table woul
24、d be difficult.In such situations, locally acceptable specifications need to bedeveloped.NOTE 2The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of
25、Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/ and the like. Users of thisstandard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not initself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;Practice D3740 provides a me
26、ans of evaluating some of those factors.5. Function and Material5.1 FunctionThe potential/success of a topsoil amend-ment is measured/determined by its ability to provide some orall of the desired properties/characteristics of the topsoil thatare absent in the unamended topsoil or soil. Soils consis
27、tessentially of three space-occupying components: water, airvoids, and solid particulate matter. The third component can befurther divided into two sub-components: organic matter, suchas peat, muck or other decayed matter: and inorganic mineralmatter, such as clay, silt and sand. ESCS falls into the
28、 lattergroup of the third component sub-component group, as a bettersubstitute for sand.5.2 MaterialESCS, is a rotary kiln produced vesicularamorphous silicate particulate material. It is a highly porous,low density material with an apparent specific gravity ofapproximately 0.8 to 2.4, and a dry/loo
29、se unit weight of 560 to1120 kg/m3, (approximately 35 to 70 lb/ft3). The pre-sized rawshale, clay or slate used to produce ESCS is fired in the kiln ata temperature between 1000 C (1800 F) and 1200 C (2200F). As it exits the kiln the material is sterile, inert, andceramic. Some crushing may be perfo
30、rmed to facilitate finalsizing in a screening system. ESCS in generally neutral in pHalthough the pH can vary somewhat depending on the rawmaterial and the fuel in the kiln. Density, or loose unit weight,is determined by Test Method C29/C29M. The absorption maybe determined by Test Method C566 after
31、 soaking the samplea sufficient period of time, usually 3 to 7 days, depending onthe source and the grading of the material. The particledistribution may be determined with appropriate sieves asstated in Specification E11. The ESCS may be sampled inaccordance with Practice D75.6. Application6.1 ESCS
32、 is generally used in horticultural topsoil applica-tions as a substitute for the sand sub-component of soil (seeSpecification D5268, Table 1). A correction for the weight andvolume relationship of ESCS fines needs to be noted sinceESCS has a different specific gravity than silicon dioxide sand,that
33、 is, the minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve size to a similar sizeof sand. The oven-dry or saturated surface dry/loose unitweight tests (see Test Method C29/C29M) can be performed toestablish the weight-volume relationship. Typically, a loosecubic foot of ESCS fines will weigh approximately from 560 to1120
34、 kg/m3(35 to 70 lb/ft3) depending on the source. Absorp-tion of ESCS varies with the source, but is usually fromapproximately 18 % to 35 % of the oven-dry loose unit weight.Several blends of topsoil using ESCS with or in place of thesand should be prepared and evaluated with regard to potentialfor a
35、eration, moisture retention, resistence to compaction, andthe other items covered in Specification D5268.7. Keywords7.1 horticulture; landscaping; mineral amendment; soil; soilamendment; modification; topsoilD5883 1212SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D18 has identified the location of selected changes to
36、 this guide since the last issue,D588396(2008), that may impact the use of this guide. (Approved November 1, 2012)(1) Added new Note 2 with reference to D3740.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this stand
37、ard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be review
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