1、Designation: D5889/D5889M 16D5889/D5889M 18Standard Practice forQuality Control of Geosynthetic Clay Liners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5889/D5889M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the manufacturing quality control of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), describing types of test
3、s, theproper test methods, and the minimum testing frequencies.1.2 This practice is intended to aid manufacturers, suppliers, purchasers, and users of GCLs in establishing a minimum levelof effort for manufacturing quality control.1.3 This practice does not address manufacturing quality assurance, p
4、roduct acceptance testing, or conformance testing. Theseare independent activities taken by organizations other than the GCL manufacturer.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalen
5、ts; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of
6、this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to
7、establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles f
8、or the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD882
9、 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic SheetingD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4632/D4632M Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of GeotextilesD5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
10、 of GeosyntheticsD5261 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of GeotextilesD5887D5887/D5887M Test Method for Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner SpecimensUsing a Flexible Wall PermeameterD5890 Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosyntheti
11、c Clay LinersD5891/D5891M Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5993 Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD5994/D5994M Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness of Textured GeomembranesD6243/D6243M Test Method for Determining the Intern
12、al and Interface Shear Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the DirectShear Method1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay Liners.Current edition approved July 1, 2016Feb. 1, 2018.
13、Published August 2016March 2018. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 asD5889D5889/D5889M 16.-11. DOI: 10.1520/D5889_D5889M-16.10.1520/D5889_D5889M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceast
14、m.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becaus
15、eit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Bar
16、r Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6496/D6496M Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers ofNeedle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay LinersD6693/D6693M Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Poly
17、ethylene and Nonreinforced FlexiblePolypropylene GeomembranesD6768/D6768M Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liners2.2 Government Document:3EPA/600/R-93/182 Technical Guidance Document Quality Assurance and Quality Control for Waste Containment Facilities3. Terminology3.1 Definiti
18、ons:3.1.1 Geosynthetic Definitions:3.1.1.1 adhered geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), nGCL product in which the clay component is bonded to a film or membraneby adhesion.3.1.1.2 coated GCL, nGCL product with at least one layer of a synthetic substance applied to the GCL as a fluid and allowedto solidify
19、.3.1.1.3 geomembrane, nan essentially impermeable geosynthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.3.1.1.4 geotextile, na permeable geosynthetic comprised solely of textiles.3.1.1.5 laminated GCL, nGCL product with at least one film or membrane layer superimposed and bonded to the GCL by anadhe
20、sive usually under heat and pressure.3.1.1.6 multicomponent GCL, nGCL with an attached film, coating, or membrane decreasing the hydraulic conductivity orprotesting the clay core, or both.3.1.1.7 needle-punched GCL, nreinforced GCL manufactured using needles that punch fibers from a nonwoven through
21、 thecover and carrier geotextile as well as the clay core to bond the components togetertogether to increase internal shear strength.3.1.1.8 reinforced GCL, nGCL that has a discrete component to increase internal shear strength.3.1.1.9 stitch-bonded GCL, nreinforced GCL manufactured by stitching in
22、which yarns or threads are passed through thecover geosynthetic, the clay core, and the carrier geosynthetic creating a directional orientation; therefore, the direction ofallowable shear transfer is predetermined.3.1.1.10 unreinforced GCL, nGCL that does not have a discrete component to increase in
23、ternal shear strength.3.1.2 Organizational Definitions:3.1.2.1 installer, nthe party who installs, or facilitates installation of, any materials purchased from manufacturers orsuppliers.3.1.2.2 manufacturer, nthe group, corporation, partnership, or individual that manufactures a product.3.1.2.3 purc
24、haser, nthe person, company, or organization that purchases any materials or work to be performed.3.1.2.4 supplier, nthe party who supplies material or services.3.1.3 Quality Definitions:3.1.3.1 quality assurance (QA), nall those planned or systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence
25、 that amaterial, product, system, or service will satisfy given needs.3.1.3.2 quality control (QC), na planned system of activities whose purpose is to provide a level of quality that meets theneeds of users; also, the use of such a system.3.2 For definitions of other terms, see Terminology D4439.4.
26、 Significance and Use4.1 GCLs must be properly manufactured in a manner consistent with a minimum level of quality control as determined byin-house testing of the final product. This practice suggests the types of tests, the methods of the testing, and the minimum testingfrequencies.4.2 It should be
27、 clearly recognized that manufacturers may perform additional tests or at greater frequency than required in thispractice, or both. In this case, the manufacturers quality control plan will then take precedence over this practice. The quoted testsand test methods in Table 1 must appear in the QC pla
28、n and the QC report.4.3 It should also be recognized that purchasers and installers of GCLs may require additional tests or at a great frequencygreater frequencies than called for in this practice, or both. The organization(s) producing such project specific project-specificspecification or quality
29、assurance plan should recognize that such requirements are beyond the current state of the practice. If such3 Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.gpo.gov.D5889/D5889M 182a request is made by purchasers or installers, they sho
30、uld clearly communicate the requirements to the manufacturer or supplierduring the contract decisions in order that disputes do not arise at a subsequent time.5. Procedure5.1 The procedure for this practice is embodied in Table 1.5.1.1 The minimum recommended quality control tests for the manufactur
31、e of GCLs are given in Table 1. The tests areperformed on the clay, the geosynthetic component material(s)material(s), and the finished GCL.MD = machine directiondirection.CD = cross-machine directiondirection.Minimum = lowest result for the produced lot from which the supplied rolls were selectedse
32、lected.Maximum = highest result for the produced lot from which the supplied rolls were selectedselected.n a = not applicableapplicable.TABLE 1 Minimum Types of Tests and Their Frequencies for the MQC of GCLsTest Designation Test MethodReinforced UnreinforcedMQCReportValuesSingleComponent Multi-comp
33、onentSingleComponent Multi-componentwith coating with film ormembrane with coating with film ormembraneFrequency of Testing1. Bentonite Clay1.1 Swell indexA, B D5890 50 tonnes raw material control Minimum1.2 Fluid lossA, B D5891/D5891M 50 tonnes raw material control Maximum1.3 Clay moisture contentC
34、 D5993 50 tonnes raw material control Averagevalue2. GeotextileA, B, D2.1 Mass per unit area D5261 20 000 m2 200 000 ft2 Minimum2.2 Grab tensile strength (MDand CD) D4632/D4632M 20 000 m2 200 000 ft2 Minimum3. Multi-component BarrierA, B, D3.1 Density of geomembrane,membrane, film backingD792 (other
35、resins) orD1505 (PE)n/a n/a 20 000 m2200 000 ft2 n/a n/a20 000 m2200 000 ft2 Minimum3.2 Thickness of geomembrane,membrane, film backingD5199 (smooth)D5994/D5994M(textured)n/a n/a 20 000 m2200 000 ft2 n/a n/a20 000 m2200 000 ft2MARVEor minimum3.3 Tensile strength at breakand yield (MD and CD) ofgeome
36、mbrane, membrane,film backingD882 (film ormembrane),D6693/D6693M(geomembrane)n/a n/a 20 000 m2200 000 ft2 n/a n/a20 000 m2200 000 ft2MARVEor minimum3.4 Mass per unit area D5261 n/a 20 000 m2200 000 ft2 n/a n/a20 000 m2200 000 ft2 n/a Minimum4. Finished GCL:4.1 Total mass per unit area(dried)F, C D59
37、93 4000 m2 40 000 ft2 Minimum4.2 Clay mass per unit area(dried)F, C D5993 4000 m2 40 000 ft2 Minimum4.3 Clay moisture contentC D5993 4000 m2 40 000 ft2 Averagevalue4.3 Tensile Strength D6768/D6768M 20 000 m2 200 000 ft2 MARVEor minimum4.4 Bonding peel strength (MD)G D6496/D6496M 20 000 m2 200 000 ft
38、2 n/a Minimum4.4 Bonding peel strength (MD)G D6496/D6496M 4000 m2 40 000 ft2 n/a Minimum4.4 GCL index fluxH or basebentonite only/GCL for multi-component GCLsD5887 25 000 m2 250 000 ft2 Maximum4.4 GCL index fluxH or basebentonite only/GCL for multi-component GCLsD5887/D5887M 25 000 m2 250 000 ft2 Ma
39、ximumA The tests on the bentonite are to be performed on the as-received material before fabrication into the GCL product.B Cert letter from component manufacturer or QA from GCL manufacturer, or both. Cert letters must arrive and be checked before the components are used for the GCLproduction.C If
40、the moisture content from the bentonite added during production did not change, the mass per unit area and moisture content of the bentonite (evaluated accordingto 1.3 in Table 1) can be used to determine the values of the finished GCL product.D Components from finished GCL product should not be sep
41、arated and tested, because the production process may alter the properties of the components.E MARVminimum average roll value, only evaluated for a one-year production period with an average value minus 2 standard deviations. If the production period is lessthan one year, for example, for job-specif
42、ic products, a MARV value may not be able to be evaluated, then the minimum value shall be reported.F Dried bentonite should be defined as 0 % moisture content.G Internal shear testing (Test Method D6243/D6243M) may be applicable to quality control of the bonding strength of non-needle-punched reinf
43、orced and stitch-bondedGCLs.H This test is not applicable for multi-component GCLs (for example, products with geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s), or polymer backing(s).D5889/D5889M 1836. MQC Report6.1 Report the following information:6.1.1 Suppliers letter of certification or MQC data, or b
44、oth,6.1.2 Description or title of product MQC activity, or both,6.1.3 Data of GCL production,6.1.4 GCL roll numbers, brand name, and specific type,6.1.5 Test results, and6.1.6 Signature from person in charge for MQC report.7. Keywords7.1 geosynthetic clay liner;liners; geosynthetics; manufacturing q
45、uality control; multicomponent GCL;GCLs; testingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,
46、 and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revi
47、sion of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you
48、shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be o
49、btained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 184
