1、Designation: D 5898 96 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Guide forStandard Details for Adhered Sheet Waterproofing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5898; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers details for typical conditions encoun-tered in adhered sheet waterproofing on below grade structuresand
3、 plazas.1.2 This guide does not cover liquid applied waterproofing.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing, Waterproofingand Bitumino
4、us Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guide,refer to Terminology D 1079.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 adhered sheet waterproofing, na system consistingof one or more plies of organic or glass fiber felts or fabricsapplied in hot or
5、cold bitumens or modified bitumens, or one ormore plies of a manufactured sheet of modified bitumen thatmay be reinforced or laminated with scrim or polyethylene, ora polymeric or vulcanized elastomeric membrane. The systemis applied directly to concrete or masonry surfaces belowgrade.3.2.2 elevated
6、 slab, na framed or suspended concrete slabover a habitable or useable space.3.2.3 fillet, nliquid applied modified bitumen or masticused at internal corners before membrane application to form atransition of less than 90.3.2.4 reinforcement, ngenerally, one or more strips ofmembrane, felts, or fabr
7、ics, installed at corners and overconstruction joints.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 LAMliquid applied membrane.3.3.2 SSstainless steel.3.3.3 EJexpansion joint.3.3.4 NRnot recommended.3.3.5 MTLnoncorrosive metal.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide illustrates general details for below grade andplaza wate
8、rproofing. It serves as a guide that will enable thedesigner to prepare complete waterproofing details for eachspecific condition that occurs on a project.5. Drawings5.1 This guide is not all inclusive. The designer shoulddetail all typical and special conditions on the project, payingparticular att
9、ention to transitions in plane and intersection ofdifferent details. The applicator should provide shop drawingsof each condition to confirm field conditions and to verify hisunderstanding of the design intent.5.2 Waterproofing membranes and reinforcement are indi-cated on the figures as a single th
10、ick line, regardless of thenumber of plies.5.3 Protection layers have been omitted for clarity. SeeSection 6.6. Protection6.1 Protection materials are required over all waterproofingto prevent damage from backfill, reinforcing chairs, andconstruction traffic, unless the membrane system incorporatesa
11、n integral protection layer. Protection also is required wheremembranes terminate above grade and may be exposed toultraviolet light.6.2 Materials for protection include: asphalt compositionboards, plastic drainage panels, low density expanded polysty-rene boards, and extruded polystyrene insulation
12、. Low densityexpanded polystyrene boards and some types of plastic drain-age panels are not suitable for protection on horizontal sur-faces. Protection materials are loose-laid on horizontal mem-branes and attached to vertical membranes with compatibleadhesives. They should be installed as soon as p
13、ossible afterthe membrane, or each portion of it, is completed or watertested.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.22 onWaterproofing and Damproofing Systems.Current edition approved July 1, 2005.
14、 Published July 2005. Originally approvedin 1996. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 5898 96.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards
15、Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Reinforcement7.1 Reinforcement is required for built-up and modifiedbitumen membranes at transitions, such as internal and externalcorners an
16、d at static concrete construction joints and cracks.Reinforcement also is required where reinforcing bars, pipes,and conduits penetrate the membrane. Separate reinforcementgenerally is not required for polymeric and vulcanized elasto-meric membranes.7.2 Reinforcement usually is installed before the
17、membranebut may be applied over it. Refer to the membrane manufac-turer for details.7.3 The minimum reinforcement is one ply. Systems using amultiple ply membrane usually require two or more reinforce-ment plies, whereas single ply modified bitumen systemsgenerally require one.7.4 When additional pl
18、ies are used as reinforcement, theyshould extend at least 150 mm (6 in.) beyond the corner orpenetration and each succeeding ply should extend 75 mm (3in.) beyond the previous ply.7.5 Where reinforcing bars penetrate waterproofing, such asat rock anchors and wall to slab transitions, they should bes
19、ealed with reinforcing plies finger cut around the bars or liquidapplied membrane or both.7.6 Some manufacturers require cementitious cants or aliquid applied waterproofing or mastic fillet at reentrant angles,chamfered external corners, and other special conditions to beimplemented during construct
20、ion. These should be indicatedon project details.7.7 Details should recognize the normal sequencing ofconstruction. Foundation walls may be cast before or afterslabs on grade. Structural slabs are cast after walls. Water-proofing of individual elements frequently follows this se-quence, for example,
21、 walls are waterproofed before the struc-tural slab is cast. The resultant cold joints may be dynamic.8. Penetrations8.1 Flashing at penetrations should accommodate differen-tial movement between the slab and the pipe, conduit, or drain.For built-up and modified bitumen membranes, lead reinforc-ing
22、is recommended where pipes or drains are installed insleeves but is optional where they are cast into the wall or slab.Cast iron drains, cast into the slab with flanges flush with orslightly below the slab, are preferred. Additional plies ofreinforcement should be installed at drains.8.2 Wearing cou
23、rses on plaza decks move differentiallyfrom the structural slab. To prevent damage to the drainagesystem or flashing rupture from this movement, drains shouldbe installed in the structural slab with inlets in the wearingcourse divorced from the drain body.9. Expansion Joints9.1 Structural expansion
24、joints should be designed to permitindependent movement of structural elements on each side ofthe joint. Control joints should be located to permit non-reversible movement and may be dynamic. The size andlocation of expansion and control joints should be determinedby the structural engineer. Expansi
25、on joint covers should bedesigned to maintain continuity at all changes in plane. Theyshould be designed to prevent displacement when subjected towater pressure. Where they occur in elevated slabs, they shouldbe raised above the surface. Control joints are not detailed asexpansion joints but should
26、be reinforced in all membranesystems.10. Structural Items10.1 Water stops, keyways, and other structural elementsthat are frequently installed in construction and control jointsare not indicated on the details.11. Mud Mats11.1 Mud mats are cast on the subgrade to support water-proofing. Protection b
27、oards and tamped sand beds may beacceptable alternates with some manufacturers.12. Planters, Bench, and Equipment Supports12.1 Waterproofing membranes on horizontal surfacesshould be carried under planters and supports without inter-ruption. Such items should be installed on the concreteprotection s
28、lab. Waterproofing of planters should be indepen-dent of the slab waterproofing.13. Explanatory Notes13.1 Fig. 1Standard details for adhered sheet waterproof-ing.13.2 Fig. 2This detail is applicable to tunnels and condi-tions where the width of excavations is limited.Alternately, themud mat may be o
29、mitted and waterproofing applied to the topof a structural slab and turned down to the toe. Then,waterproofing is covered with a cementitious wearing course.13.3 Fig. 3Slab with mud mat.13.4 Fig. 4Footing with mud mat.13.5 Fig. 5This detail is applicable to conditions wherethere is no hydrostatic he
30、ad below the slab.13.6 Fig. 6, Fig. 7, and Fig. 8Where internal and externalvertical corners meet horizontal surfaces, isometric drawingsprepared by the designer or applicator are required to indicatethe assembly of the overlapping plies.13.7 Fig. 9 and Fig. 10Waterproofing should not beterminated b
31、elow grade. Even when a reglet is used toterminate the sheet, or a cap flashing is installed in a reglet,water can migrate behind the sheet through cracks above thereglet. Because most of the adhered sheet waterproofingmaterials are subject to degradation by ultraviolet light or heat,it is recommend
32、ed that foundation waterproofing be carried toa brick shelf or haunch below grade and terminated. This willpermit it to be protected until cladding above is installed.Counterflashing should be carried at least 200 mm (8 in.) abovegrade behind a permanent cladding. Suitable cladding materi-als at or
33、below grade include granite and similar low permeablestones, SW grade brick, precast concrete, cement plaster andcorrosion-resistant metal. The dotted line indicates that adense, impervious protection board is required under themasonry.13.8 Fig. 11 and Fig. 12These details are applicablewhere founda
34、tion walls are extended 300 mm (12 in.) or moreabove grade. Waterproofing should be extended to a brick shelfwhere the top edge can be sealed and protected by cap flashing.D 5898 96 (2005)2The membrane is promptly covered with a protection layer.Finishes, such as stucco or insulation and stucco, are
35、 appliedover the protection layer.13.9 Fig. 13 and Fig. 14These details are applicable towalls or parapets supported by the slab where the verticalelement is supported on the slab and the joint is not dynamic.Horizontal waterproofing is elevated 37 mm (1.5 in.) above theslab on a cast-in-place cant,
36、 100 mm (4 in.) wide. A compress-ible filler is required between wearing surface assemblies andthe protection layer over the membrane. Protection board isrequired between the membrane and the metal flashing. It isrecommended that the flashing terminate in a receiver to permitinstallation of the meta
37、l cap flashing after masonry is com-pleted and to provide a suitable surface for the caulking. Fig.14 depicts a method of concealing the base flashing.13.10 Fig. 15This detail is applicable to expansion jointsin the elevated slab. The joint is raised as in Fig. 13. Expansionjoint covers in the plane
38、 of the elevated slab should be avoided.A compressible closed cell neoprene tube or proprietaryformed member is used to permit the membrane to flex. Aplastic, neoprene, butyl or polymer-modified bitumen ham-mock is installed to support the tubing, act as a bitumen stopand as a vapor retarder. Althou
39、gh insulation reduces the heatloss, it may lower the temperature of the vapor retarder belowthe dewpoint temperature. The first ply over the tube should bean elastomeric material similar to the hammock and disbondedfrom the tube. One or more plies of elastomeric material thenare applied extending ov
40、er the slab. The alternate proprietaryformed member does not require a hammock. While theelimination of the hammock reduces the redundancy of thejoint cover, it does offer more convenient leak detectability. Agutter under the expansion joint is optional with the hammocksystem but strongly recommende
41、d without it.13.11 Fig. 16This detail is applicable to walls or parapetsthat are not supported by the elevated slab, where the joint isdynamic. Comments in Paragraph 13.9 apply to Fig. 16.13.12 Fig. 17This detail is applicable to an expansionjoint in a foundation wall.13.13 Fig. 18Penetrations throu
42、gh horizontal water-proofed surfaces are usually conduits and water piping. Flash-ing should extend a minimum of 200 mm (8 in.) above grade.13.14 Fig. 19A modular mechanical seal of interlockingrubber links, for example, linkseal,3may be used as analternate to oakum and lead.13.15 Fig. 20Drain strai
43、ner frames should not be de-signed to support wearing courses. Drain strainers and theirframes, however, should be designed to support anticipatedvehicular loads of snow removal equipment, maintenance3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Thunderline Link-S
44、eal, 19500 Victor Parkway, Suite 275, Livonia, MI. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Standard
45、Details for Adhered Sheet WaterproofingD 5898 96 (2005)3vehicles, fire engines, and the like. Lead, if used, should becarried into the drain bowl. Membrane and reinforcing shouldlap drain flanges 100 mm (4 in.) and be secured with clampingrings. Sediment buckets are recommended where wearingsurfaces
46、 are water permeable and where debris is expected.14. Keywords14.1 expansion joints; flashing; mud mats; protection layer;reinforcement; waterproofingFIG. 2 Tunnel with Mud MatFIG. 3 Slab with Mud MatD 5898 96 (2005)4FIG. 4 Footing with Mud MatFIG. 5 Footing with Raised SlabD 5898 96 (2005)5FIG. 6 E
47、xterior CornerFIG. 7 Interior CornerD 5898 96 (2005)6FIG. 8 Slab at FoundationFIG. 9 Termination on FoundationD 5898 96 (2005)7FIG. 10 Termination on Foundation with Brick ShelfNOTE 1Exterior foundation finish may vary.FIG. 11 Termination on Foundation Above GradeD 5898 96 (2005)8NOTE 1Exterior foun
48、dation finish may vary.FIG. 12 Termination on Foundation Above Grade with InsulationD 5898 96 (2005)9FIG. 13 Plaza Waterproofing Termination of Brick Faced WallD 5898 96 (2005)10FIG. 14 Plaza Waterproofing Termination of Stone Faced WallD 5898 96 (2005)11FIG. 15 Plaza Expansion JointFIG. 16 Plaza Wa
49、terproofing Termination of Expansion JointD 5898 96 (2005)12FIG. 17 Foundation Wall Expansion JointFIG. 18 Pipe/Conduit PenetrationD 5898 96 (2005)13FIG. 19 Pipe/Conduit Through FoundationD 5898 96 (2005)14FIG. 20 DrainD 5898 96 (2005)15ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, ar
