1、Designation: D 5903 96 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Guide forPlanning and Preparing for a Groundwater Sampling Event1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5903; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers planning and preparing for a ground-water sampling event. It includes technical and administrati
3、veconsiderations and procedures. Example checklists are alsoprovided as Appendices.1.2 This guide may not cover every consideration proce-dure, or both, that is necessary before all ground-watersampling projects. In karst or fractured rock terranes, it may beappropriate to collect ground water sampl
4、es from springs (seeGuide D 5717). This guide focuses on sampling of groundwater from monitoring wells; however, most of the guidanceherein can apply to the sampling of springs as well.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5、responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of acti
6、on. This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given p
7、rofessional service must be judged, nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2
8、D 5717 Guide for Design of Ground-Water MonitoringSystems in Karst and Fractured-Rock Aquifers33. Significance and Use3.1 The success of a sampling event is influenced byadequate planning and preparation. Use of this guide will helpthe ground-water sampler to methodically execute the planningand pre
9、paration.3.2 This guide should be used by a professional or techni-cian that has training or experience in ground-water sampling.4. Considerations and Procedures4.1 Evaluate the scope of the sampling and analysis pro-gram.4.1.1 Review plans, protocols, and objectives of the sam-pling program and eve
10、nt. The sampler should review thesampling and analysis plan, site health and safety plan,sampling protocol, and quality assurance/quality control plan,when available. These documents will provide information onrequired sampling procedures and also should provide theinformation in the following parag
11、raphs.4.1.2 Determine which wells will be sampled. The samplershould have a map or diagram showing the locations of thewells to be sampled. Determine if there is a preferred wellsampling sequence specified in the sampling and analysis plan.4.1.3 Identify the laboratory analyses to be performed onsam
12、ples from each well. The analytical requirements are often,but not always, the same for each well. Determine if there is apreferred order in filling containers based on analytes.4.1.4 Identify data to be collected in the field. The samplermust know in advance what types of data must be collected int
13、he field (that is, chemical measurements, water level measure-ments, etc.) Many samplers use a form to record field data andother observations. The use of a form can help the sampler tocollect and record information in a consistent manner and canreduce the chance of failure to collect needed data.4.
14、1.5 Determine from what depth range within the well thesamples will be collected.4.1.6 Evaluate the need for specialized handling of purgedwater and decontamination wastewater. The waters may bereleased to the ground surface, discharged to a sanitary or1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Co
15、mmittee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved July 1, 2006. Published July 2006. Originally approvedin 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5903 96 (2001).2For referenced ASTM st
16、andards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C
17、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.industrial sewer, or containerized and handled as a potentiallyhazardous waste. Hazardous wastes will require specializedlabeling, storage, transportation, and disposal.4.1.7 Identify all documentation and field quality controlprocedures stipulated in the sa
18、mpling and analysis plan orquality control plan.4.2 Review available information.4.2.1 Review well construction details. The sampler shouldknow the material of construction, the inside diameter, thecompletion depth, the screened interval, and the cap type andlock type (if locked). This information i
19、s needed to selectpurging and sampling equipment, and may be needed to selectother tools (for example, a strap wrench to remove the cap,boltcutters or a hack saw to remove damaged locks, or keys forlocks).4.2.2 Evaluate historical well performance and chemicalcharacteristics of the water from each w
20、ell, if available. Thebehavior of the well during past sampling events is usefulinformation in the planning process. This may include the flowrate in the screened interval, the maximum pumping rate, thetime required to purge the well, whether the well is easilybailed or pumped dry, etc. Knowledge of
21、 the past ground-waterchemistry and non-aqueous phase liquids in the well also canbe useful. The turbidity of the water may influence samplingmethods and the need for or approach to filtration of samples.Use of personal protective equipment also may be dictated byknown contamination of the water fro
22、m a well.4.2.3 Evaluate the physical setting of the well locations.This is necessary to determine the accessibility of the wells.Access could be impeded or difficult due to mud, snow, trees,fences, steep hills, secured areas, etc. This information willhelp the sampler determine what type of vehicle
23、is needed,whether special tools are needed, or whether administrativeclearances are required, or both.4.2.4 For wells with dedicated sampling equipment find outthe type of equipment, pump depth, whether there are anypackers in the well, where packers are set, and the powersource for equipment.4.3 Es
24、timate the time required to complete the samplecollection and associated field work. The amount of timerequired will affect equipment needs and possibly lodging orother administrative arrangements. It is usually necessary toinform the laboratory when samples should arrive at thelaboratory.4.4 Coordi
25、nate with the analytical laboratory.4.4.1 Notify the laboratory in advance of the number ofanalyses of each type to include quality control sampleanalyses. This notification allows the laboratory to plan foradequate equipment and personnel resources to complete theanalyses.4.4.2 Determine the volume
26、 of sample needed for eachanalysis.4.4.3 Coordinate the preparation or shipment, or both, ofsample containers, preservatives, and shipping containers tothe site and to the laboratory. The analytical laboratory oftensupplies the sample containers and preservatives, and some-times the shipping contain
27、ers for the return of samples. Theproject manager or sampler will need to provide the detailsneeded to accomplish this. The laboratory will need to knowthe number of containers and preservatives for each analyte,when the containers are needed, whether containers will bepicked up or shipped, and the
28、address of the location to whichcontainers/preservatives must be shipped. The laboratoryshould specify any related administrative requirements. Thereturn of samples to the laboratory also must be coordinated.The sampler will need to be aware of any special instructionsregarding shipment or receipt o
29、f the samples (that is, timeswhen samples cannot be received, unacceptable shippingcontainers, Department of Transportation restrictions, anddocumentation requirements). The sampler also must have theaddress of the laboratory if samples will be shipped.4.4.4 When the sampler is also the project mana
30、ger, themethods of analyses and lower reporting limits also must becoordinated with the laboratory. These are chosen based on thedata quality objectives.4.4.5 Identify the sample volumes, preparation, and holdingtime requirements. The sampler should be aware of the totalvolume of water that must be
31、collected from each well. Thismay influence the selection of sampling equipment. Thesampler also should know what will be involved in thepreparation of samples (that is, chemical and physical preser-vation). This knowledge is needed to make logistical arrange-ments. For example, the sampler may need
32、 to use an area nearthe site that has an electrical outlet and a sink if filtration isrequired. Lastly, the sampler must know if any of the sampleshave a short holding time (maximum allowable time betweensample collection and preparation or analysis). Collectingsamples with short holding times could
33、 influence the timing ormethod of sample shipment.4.4.6 Inform the laboratory of any special requirements thatare different than normal laboratory procedures.4.4.7 Notify the laboratory of the types and numbers of fieldquality control samples that will be submitted. Some qualitycontrol samples will
34、be prepared or collected in the field; otherswill be prepared in the laboratory. The sampler must know howto collect and prepare the field quality control samples.4.4.8 Identify laboratory documentation needs. The labora-tory may have certain project identifiers, sample identifiers, orforms that the
35、y use for sample tracking or data reporting, orboth. It is important that the sampler and the laboratory agreeon all means of documentation that will be used by thelaboratory.4.4.9 Determine when the laboratory must be notified re-garding sample arrival times and how accurate the timeestimates must
36、be (that is, within a day, a half a day, a week).The sampler should discuss this notification process with thelaboratory.4.4.10 Provide information to the laboratory on when dataare needed. This is the responsibility of the project manager;however, the sampler and the project manager may be the same
37、person.4.5 Coordinate with the client or site-related personnel.Coordination with the client is necessary when sampling at asite not owned by you or your company. It also may benecessary to coordinate with people at your own site if theyshould be notified or have some involvement in your project.D 5
38、903 96 (2006)24.5.1 Notify the client or site workers, or both, of when thesampling event will take place.4.5.2 Request logistical support as needed. This may be assimple as requesting use of the phone. In some cases, logisticalsupport needs may be more extensive. Other logistical supportitems could
39、 include an area for sample preparation and storage,a potable water source, a vehicle, fuel, maintenance support,tools, etc. The sampler should ensure that all support neededfrom outside sources is prearranged.4.5.3 Obtain necessary site and well access. It may benecessary to get a pass to enter a s
40、ite or to have a permit tosample the wells. It also may be necessary to obtain keys togates or wells, or both. All possible access restrictions shouldbe identified in advance to prevent a delay in the samplingevent.4.5.4 Address site-specific safety concerns. This informa-tion should be available in
41、 a site health and safety plan. If nosuch plan exists, at a minimum the sampler should obtainemergency phone numbers and a map showing the location ofthe nearest health care facility, and identify any safety hazardsor weather conditions unique to the site.4.6 Identify equipment needs. This identific
42、ation will in-clude selecting purging and sampling devices; field measure-ment equipment; sample handling, filtration, preservation, andshipping supplies; documentation; personal protective equip-ment, and other incidental equipment. Appendix X1 is anexample checklist of supplies and equipment. Usin
43、g a compre-hensive checklist will reduce the chance of overlooking aneeded item.4.7 Make provisions to keep sample containers separatedfrom potential sources of contamination such as decontamina-tion reagents and fuel.4.8 Prepare sampling equipment and supplies for use. It isimportant that sampling
44、equipment be in good operatingcondition before going into the field. The sampler should packnecessary and contingency supplies. Appendix X2 is an ex-ample checklist.4.9 Prepare field measurement equipment for use. Thesampler should check all field measurement devices to ensurethat they are operation
45、al. This should include calibration of testinstruments.4.10 Make lodging and transportation arrangements if nec-essary.5. Keywords5.1 ground-water sampling; laboratory coordination; moni-toring well; sampling and analysis planAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SAMPLING EQUIPMENT CHECKLISTX1.1 P
46、ersonal Protection:X1.1.1 Gloves,X1.1.2 Coveralls,X1.1.3 Respirators (with appropriate filters),X1.1.4 Protective eyewear and footwear, andX1.1.5 Comfort ItemsSunscreen, water, insect repellant, rain/snow gear, spaceheater.X1.2 Measurement:X1.2.1 Water level measuring device,X1.2.2 Hydrocarbon/water
47、 interface probe,X1.2.3 Thermometer,X1.2.4 Ph meter and probes,X1.2.5 Conductivity meter and probe,X1.2.6 Dissolved oxygen meter and probe,X1.2.7 Organic vapor analyzer,X1.2.8 Turbidity meter,X1.2.9 Oxidation reduction potential meter and probe,X1.2.10 Flow-through cell/beakers,X1.2.11 Calibration s
48、tandards for all meters,X1.2.12 Maintenance supplies and spare batteries formeters/probes,X1.2.13 Deionized water and squeeze bottle,X1.2.14 Timekeeping device, andX1.2.15 Explosimeter.X1.3 Incidentals:X1.3.1 Plastic ground cover,X1.3.2 Paper towels,X1.3.3 Scissors,X1.3.4 Miscellaneous tools,X1.3.5
49、Duct tape,X1.3.6 Trash bags,X1.3.7 Keys for site or well access,X1.3.8 Calculator,X1.3.9 Funnel, andX1.3.10 Extension cord.X1.4 Portable Sampling:X1.4.1 Bailer,X1.4.2 Disposable haul line,X1.4.3 Pump, cables, hoses, reel,X1.4.4 Pump control box,X1.4.5 Pump power supply,X1.4.6 Fuel for pump or generator,X1.4.7 Discharge tubing,X1.4.8 Maintenance supplies and spare parts,X1.4.9 Graduated cylinders or buckets for measuring dis-charge rate,X1.4.10 Container for purged water, andX1.4.11 Decontamination SuppliesSolutions, brushes, drums, buckets, spray bottles.D 5903 96 (2006)3X1.5 Samp
