1、Designation: D5903 96 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forPlanning and Preparing for a Groundwater Sampling Event1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5903; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers planning and preparing for a ground-water sampling event. It includes technical and administrativec
3、onsiderations and procedures. Example checklists are alsoprovided as Appendices.1.2 This guide may not cover every considerationprocedure, or both, that is necessary before all groundwatersampling projects. In karst or fractured rock terranes, it may beappropriate to collect groundwater samples from
4、 springs (seeGuide D5717). This guide focuses on sampling of groundwaterfrom monitoring wells; however, most of the guidance hereincan apply to the sampling of springs as well.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsib
5、ility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action. This
6、document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given profession
7、al service must be judged, nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5717 Gui
8、de for Design of Ground-Water Monitoring Sys-tems in Karst and Fractured-Rock Aquifers (Withdrawn2005)33. Significance and Use3.1 The success of a sampling event is influenced byadequate planning and preparation. Use of this guide will helpthe groundwater sampler to methodically execute the planning
9、and preparation.3.2 This guide should be used by a professional or techni-cian that has training or experience in groundwater sampling.4. Considerations and Procedures4.1 Evaluate the scope of the sampling and analysis pro-gram.4.1.1 Review plans, protocols, and objectives of the sam-pling program a
10、nd event. The sampler should review thesampling and analysis plan, site health and safety plan,sampling protocol, and quality assurance/quality control plan,when available. These documents will provide information onrequired sampling procedures and also should provide theinformation in the following
11、 paragraphs.4.1.2 Determine which wells will be sampled. The samplershould have a map or diagram showing the locations of thewells to be sampled. Determine if there is a preferred wellsampling sequence specified in the sampling and analysis plan.4.1.3 Identify the laboratory analyses to be performed
12、 onsamples from each well. The analytical requirements are often,but not always, the same for each well. Determine if there is apreferred order in filling containers based on analytes.4.1.4 Identify data to be collected in the field. The samplermust know in advance what types of data must be collect
13、ed inthe field (that is, chemical measurements, water levelmeasurements, etc.) Many samplers use a form to record fielddata and other observations. The use of a form can help thesampler to collect and record information in a consistentmanner and can reduce the chance of failure to collect neededdata
14、.4.1.5 Determine from what depth range within the well thesamples will be collected.4.1.6 Evaluate the need for specialized handling of purgedwater and decontamination wastewater. The waters may be1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibi
15、lity of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5903 96 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/D5903-96R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websi
16、te, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,
17、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1released to the ground surface, discharged to a sanitary orindustrial sewer, or containerized and handled as a potentiallyhazardous waste. Hazardous wastes will require specializedlabeling, storage, transportation,
18、and disposal.4.1.7 Identify all documentation and field quality controlprocedures stipulated in the sampling and analysis plan orquality control plan.4.2 Review available information.4.2.1 Review well construction details. The sampler shouldknow the material of construction, the inside diameter, the
19、completion depth, the screened interval, and the cap type andlock type (if locked). This information is needed to selectpurging and sampling equipment, and may be needed to selectother tools (for example, a strap wrench to remove the cap,boltcutters or a hack saw to remove damaged locks, or keys for
20、locks).4.2.2 Evaluate historical well performance and chemicalcharacteristics of the water from each well, if available. Thebehavior of the well during past sampling events is usefulinformation in the planning process. This may include the flowrate in the screened interval, the maximum pumping rate,
21、 thetime required to purge the well, whether the well is easilybailed or pumped dry, etc. Knowledge of the past groundwaterchemistry and non-aqueous phase liquids in the well also canbe useful. The turbidity of the water may influence samplingmethods and the need for or approach to filtration of sam
22、ples.Use of personal protective equipment also may be dictated byknown contamination of the water from a well.4.2.3 Evaluate the physical setting of the well locations.This is necessary to determine the accessibility of the wells.Access could be impeded or difficult due to mud, snow, trees,fences, s
23、teep hills, secured areas, etc. This information willhelp the sampler determine what type of vehicle is needed,whether special tools are needed, or whether administrativeclearances are required, or both.4.2.4 For wells with dedicated sampling equipment find outthe type of equipment, pump depth, whet
24、her there are anypackers in the well, where packers are set, and the powersource for equipment.4.3 Estimate the time required to complete the samplecollection and associated field work. The amount of timerequired will affect equipment needs and possibly lodging orother administrative arrangements. I
25、t is usually necessary toinform the laboratory when samples should arrive at thelaboratory.4.4 Coordinate with the analytical laboratory.4.4.1 Notify the laboratory in advance of the number ofanalyses of each type to include quality control sampleanalyses. This notification allows the laboratory to
26、plan foradequate equipment and personnel resources to complete theanalyses.4.4.2 Determine the volume of sample needed for eachanalysis.4.4.3 Coordinate the preparation or shipment, or both, ofsample containers, preservatives, and shipping containers tothe site and to the laboratory. The analytical
27、laboratory oftensupplies the sample containers and preservatives, and some-times the shipping containers for the return of samples. Theproject manager or sampler will need to provide the detailsneeded to accomplish this. The laboratory will need to knowthe number of containers and preservatives for
28、each analyte,when the containers are needed, whether containers will bepicked up or shipped, and the address of the location to whichcontainers/preservatives must be shipped. The laboratoryshould specify any related administrative requirements. Thereturn of samples to the laboratory also must be coo
29、rdinated.The sampler will need to be aware of any special instructionsregarding shipment or receipt of the samples (that is, timeswhen samples cannot be received, unacceptable shippingcontainers, Department of Transportation restrictions, anddocumentation requirements). The sampler also must have th
30、eaddress of the laboratory if samples will be shipped.4.4.4 When the sampler is also the project manager, themethods of analyses and lower reporting limits also must becoordinated with the laboratory. These are chosen based on thedata quality objectives.4.4.5 Identify the sample volumes, preparation
31、, and holdingtime requirements. The sampler should be aware of the totalvolume of water that must be collected from each well. Thismay influence the selection of sampling equipment. Thesampler also should know what will be involved in thepreparation of samples (that is, chemical and physical preser-
32、vation). This knowledge is needed to make logistical arrange-ments. For example, the sampler may need to use an area nearthe site that has an electrical outlet and a sink if filtration isrequired. Lastly, the sampler must know if any of the sampleshave a short holding time (maximum allowable time be
33、tweensample collection and preparation or analysis). Collectingsamples with short holding times could influence the timing ormethod of sample shipment.4.4.6 Inform the laboratory of any special requirements thatare different than normal laboratory procedures.4.4.7 Notify the laboratory of the types
34、and numbers of fieldquality control samples that will be submitted. Some qualitycontrol samples will be prepared or collected in the field; otherswill be prepared in the laboratory. The sampler must know howto collect and prepare the field quality control samples.4.4.8 Identify laboratory documentat
35、ion needs. The labora-tory may have certain project identifiers, sample identifiers, orforms that they use for sample tracking or data reporting, orboth. It is important that the sampler and the laboratory agreeon all means of documentation that will be used by thelaboratory.4.4.9 Determine when the
36、 laboratory must be notified re-garding sample arrival times and how accurate the timeestimates must be (that is, within a day, a half a day, a week).The sampler should discuss this notification process with thelaboratory.4.4.10 Provide information to the laboratory on when dataare needed. This is t
37、he responsibility of the project manager;however, the sampler and the project manager may be the sameperson.4.5 Coordinate with the client or site-related personnel.Coordination with the client is necessary when sampling at asite not owned by you or your company. It also may beD5903 96 (2012)2necess
38、ary to coordinate with people at your own site if theyshould be notified or have some involvement in your project.4.5.1 Notify the client or site workers, or both, of when thesampling event will take place.4.5.2 Request logistical support as needed. This may be assimple as requesting use of the phon
39、e. In some cases, logisticalsupport needs may be more extensive. Other logistical supportitems could include an area for sample preparation and storage,a potable water source, a vehicle, fuel, maintenance support,tools, etc. The sampler should ensure that all support neededfrom outside sources is pr
40、earranged.4.5.3 Obtain necessary site and well access. It may benecessary to get a pass to enter a site or to have a permit tosample the wells. It also may be necessary to obtain keys togates or wells, or both. All possible access restrictions shouldbe identified in advance to prevent a delay in the
41、 samplingevent.4.5.4 Address site-specific safety concerns. This informa-tion should be available in a site health and safety plan. If nosuch plan exists, at a minimum the sampler should obtainemergency phone numbers and a map showing the location ofthe nearest health care facility, and identify any
42、 safety hazardsor weather conditions unique to the site.4.6 Identify equipment needs. This identification will in-clude selecting purging and sampling devices; field measure-ment equipment; sample handling, filtration, preservation, andshipping supplies; documentation; personal protectiveequipment,
43、and other incidental equipment. Appendix X1 is anexample checklist of supplies and equipment. Using a compre-hensive checklist will reduce the chance of overlooking aneeded item.4.7 Make provisions to keep sample containers separatedfrom potential sources of contamination such as decontamina-tion re
44、agents and fuel.4.8 Prepare sampling equipment and supplies for use. It isimportant that sampling equipment be in good operatingcondition before going into the field. The sampler should packnecessary and contingency supplies. Appendix X2 is an ex-ample checklist.4.9 Prepare field measurement equipme
45、nt for use. Thesampler should check all field measurement devices to ensurethat they are operational. This should include calibration of testinstruments.4.10 Make lodging and transportation arrangements if nec-essary.5. Keywords5.1 groundwater sampling; laboratory coordination; moni-toring well; sam
46、pling and analysis planAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SAMPLING EQUIPMENT CHECKLISTX1.1 Personal Protection:X1.1.1 Gloves,X1.1.2 Coveralls,X1.1.3 Respirators (with appropriate filters),X1.1.4 Protective eyewear and footwear, andX1.1.5 Comfort Items Sunscreen, water, insect repellant,rain/sno
47、w gear, space heater.X1.2 Measurement:X1.2.1 Water level measuring device,X1.2.2 Hydrocarbon/water interface probe,X1.2.3 Thermometer,X1.2.4 Ph meter and probes,X1.2.5 Conductivity meter and probe,X1.2.6 Dissolved oxygen meter and probe,X1.2.7 Organic vapor analyzer,X1.2.8 Turbidity meter,X1.2.9 Oxi
48、dation reduction potential meter and probe,X1.2.10 Flow-through cell/beakers,X1.2.11 Calibration standards for all meters,X1.2.12 Maintenance supplies and spare batteries formeters/probes,X1.2.13 Deionized water and squeeze bottle,X1.2.14 Timekeeping device, andX1.2.15 Explosimeter.X1.3 Incidentals:
49、X1.3.1 Plastic ground cover,X1.3.2 Paper towels,X1.3.3 Scissors,X1.3.4 Miscellaneous tools,X1.3.5 Duct tape,X1.3.6 Trash bags,X1.3.7 Keys for site or well access,X1.3.8 Calculator,X1.3.9 Funnel, andX1.3.10 Extension cord.X1.4 Portable Sampling:D5903 96 (2012)3X1.4.1 Bailer,X1.4.2 Disposable haul line,X1.4.3 Pump, cables, hoses, reel,X1.4.4 Pump control box,X1.4.5 Pump power supply,X1.4.6 Fuel for pump or generator,X1.4.7 Discharge tubing,X1.4.8 Maintenance supplies and spare parts,X1.4.9 Graduated cylinders or buckets for measuring dis-charge rate,X1.4.10 Container for purged wa
