1、Designation: D5907 10D5907 13Standard Test Methods forFilterable Matter (Total Dissolved Solids) and NonfilterableMatter (Total Suspended Solids) in Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5907; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the determination of filterable matter, total dis
3、solved solids (TDS), and nonfilterable matter, totalsuspended solids (TSS), in drinking, surface, and saline waters, domestic and industrial wastes. The practical range of thedetermination of nonfilterable particulate matter (TSS) is 4 to 20 000 mg/L. The practical range of the determination of filt
4、erablematter (TDS) is 10 mg/L to 150 000 g/g.1.2 Since the results measured by this test are operationally defined, careful attention must be paid to following the procedureas specified.1.3 This method for the determination of nonfilterable matter (TSS) must not be used when water samples were colle
5、cted fromopen channel flow. For the determination of matter collected in open channel flow use Test Methods D3977.1.4 The test methods appear in the following order:Filterable Matter (TDS) andNonfilterable Matter (TSS), mg/LSections 10 14Total Dissolved SolidsHigh Precision Method, g/gSections 15 19
6、Filterable Matter (TDS) andNonfilterable Matter (TSS), mg/LSections 10 14Total Dissolved SolidsHigh Precision Method, g/gSections 15 191.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to a
7、ddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 8.2. Refer
8、enced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D596 Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of WaterD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits (Withdrawn 2003)3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1429 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Water
9、and BrineD2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on WaterD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD3856 Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories Engaged in Analysis of WaterD3977 Test Methods for Determining Sediment Concen
10、tration in Water SamplesD4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituentsin Water.Current edition approved May 15, 2010June 1, 2013. Publ
11、ished October 2010July 2013. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 asD5907 09.D5907 10. DOI: 10.1520/D5907-10.10.1520/D5907-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
12、 ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication o
13、f what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considere
14、d the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Ana
15、lysisD5905 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute WastewaterE319 Practice for the Evaluation of Single-Pan Mechanical BalancesE898 Test Method of Testing Top-Loading, Direct-Reading Laboratory Scales and BalancesE1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Evaluate the Performance o
16、f an Analytical Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1129.3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 filtera
17、ble matteralso commonly referred to as total dissolved solids (TDS). It is that dissolved matter that is capable ofpassing through a glass fiber filter and dried to constant weight at 180C, as determined by following the procedures outlined inthis test method.3.2.2 nonfilterable matteralso commonly
18、known as total suspended solids (TSS). It is that particulate matter that is retainedon a glass fiber filter and dried to a constant weight at 103 to 105C, as determined by following the procedures outlined in theisetest methods.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 filterable mat
19、teralso commonly referred to as total dissolved solids (TDS). It is that dissolved matter that is capable ofpassing through a glass fiber filter and dried to constant weight at 180C, as determined by following the procedures outlined inthis test method.3.2.2 nonfilterable matteralso commonly known a
20、s total suspended solids (TSS). It is that particulate matter that is retainedon a glass fiber filter and dried to a constant weight at 103 to 105C, as determined by following the procedures outlined in thesetest methods.4. Significance and Use4.1 Solids, both as filterable matter (TDS) and nonfilte
21、rable matter (TSS), are important in the treating of raw water andwastewater, and in monitoring of streams.4.2 Waste solids impose a suspended and settleable residue in receiving waters. Suspended and soluble materials provide amatrix for some biological slime and, in sufficient quantity, impair res
22、piration of organisms.These solids may create nuisance slimebeds and odors while imposing a long-term biological oxidation load over limited receiving water areas.4.3 Knowledge of suspended and soluble materials is important in treating raw water supplies. Knowledge of solids loading canaid in deter
23、mining the type or amount of treatment, or both, necessary to make the water acceptable for use. Such information mayalso be used to determine acceptability of water after treatment.Too little treatment may not be desirable and excess treatment costsmoney.4.4 Stream monitoring is important for envir
24、onmental reasons, such as compliance with discharge permits. Streamimprovements, water pollution monitoring, mass wasting, algal studies, and sediment loads are but a few of the many reasonsstreams are monitored.5. Interferences5.1 For some samples, chemical reactions may cause some materials to cha
25、nge from one phase to another. For example, in somegroundwaters, ferrous ions may form insoluble ferric hydroxides. Softened water high in carbonates may precipitate calciumcarbonate. In such cases, holding time may have a critical impact upon both the filterable and nonfilterable matter. Such sampl
26、esmay have to be filtered in the field.5.2 This test method is not meant to include nonrepresentative particulates such as leaves, sticks, insects, fish, etc. These shouldbe removed before the analysis.5.3 Certain materials may be measured poorly, or not at all. Some materials may decompose or volat
27、ilize at the requiredtemperature. Other substances, such as glycerin or sulfuric acid, will remain liquid at the required temperature, giving variableresults. Oils and greases may present similar problems and can end up in either the filterable (TDS) or nonfilterable (TSS) portion.5.4 Suspended soli
28、ds samples high in dissolved matter, such as saline waters, brines, and some wastes, may be subject to apositive interference by the retention of dissolved matter, such as salts and sugars, on the filter. Care must be taken in the finalrinsing of the filter so as to minimize this potential interfere
29、nt. Additional washing may be necessary.5.5 Clogging of the filter with too fine or too much material will prolong the filtering time and retain smaller particles that wouldnormally pass through the filter, thus giving elevated values to nonfilterable matter (TSS) and low values to the filterable ma
30、tter(TDS). Biological material, such as algae, may also prolong filtration time or plug the filter.D5907 1325.6 Some samples may be hygroscopic, requiring prolonged drying, extra careful desiccation, and rapid weighing. For filterablematter (TDS), samples highly mineralized or high in bicarbonate ma
31、y require careful and possibly prolonged drying. For thebicarbonate, the extended drying may be needed to ensure complete conversion to carbonate.5.7 Too much material retained on the filter may entrap water, and may also require extended drying time for the suspendedsolids. For filterable matter (T
32、DS), excessive residue in the dish may cause the formation of a water-trapping crust, giving elevatedvalues.5.8 For some users, certain biological materials, such as algae, slimes, insects, or other small crustaceans, may be consideredto be positive interferences for nonfilterable matter (TSS). Modi
33、fications or adjustments may be needed to generate a better value.An example is determining chlorophyll content to estimate the amount of algae present. Such modifications may be beyond thescope of this test method.6. Apparatus6.1 Analytical Balance, capable of measuring to the nearest 0.1 mg.4 For
34、the high precision total dissolved solids method, therecommended balance should have a capacity of 200 g and be capable of measuring to the nearest 0.01 mg.6.2 Drying Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature between 103 and 105C and between 178 and 182C .182C.NOTE 1To prevent dust and sample from
35、being blown around, it is preferred that the oven for the particulate matter (TSS) be of a gravity convectiontype. If this is not possible, samples should be shielded from the forced air of mechanical convection ovens.6.3 Evaporating Dishes, 70-mL to 250-mL capacity, not to exceed 200 g in weight.6.
36、4 Glass Fiber Filters, without organic binder.5 47-mm diameter filters are needed for the high precision TDS method whenfield filtration is not utilized.NOTE 2Although there is no organic binder in these filters, they may contain a wet strength resin that is partially soluble. It is therefore import
37、antto adequately prewash the filters as prescribed.6.5 Membrane Filter AssemblyA borosilicate glass, stainless steel, or plastic funnel with a flat, fritted, or grid base so as toprovide uniform support and filterable surface. The top section of the funnel shall fit over the edge of the filter to pr
38、ovide a seal.The top should be removable to allow easy access for removing the filter. A Gooch crucible with a fritted bottom may be used inlieu of the funnel. A 47-mm filter assembly is needed for the high precision TDS method when field filtration is not used.6.6 Planchet or Pan, made of aluminum
39、or stainless steel, capable of supporting the filter when it is not on the filter assembly.6.7 Vacuum Source.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming toType I or II of Specification D1193. Type II
40、I or IV may be used if they effect no measurable change in the blank or sample.8. Hazards8.1 Care must be taken to ensure filter funnels and filtering flasks are in a sound state. Any tiny nick, scratch, or weakness inglass flasks or other apparatus can create a potential for an implosion hazard. Wr
41、apping a flask is not adequate protection in caseof an implosion. It is recommended that a solid shield, such as a plexiglass cage, be placed around any filtering flask.9. Sampling9.1 Collect the sample in accordance with the applicableASTM standard as follows: Specification D1192 and Practices D337
42、0.9.1.1 If sampling is required from an open channel flow, use Guide D4411 and Test Methods D3977 on a separate sample bottleto determine the sediment concentrations instead of the TSS.9.1.2 The user of the method is advised to use a slurry rotary sample divider to obtain reproducible aliquots of su
43、spended solidsfor the TSS determination.69.2 If theTDS concentration is shown to change as a function of time more than the repeatability measured in the interlaboratorytesting of the method for a particular sample matrix, it will be necessary to filter the sample in the field and transfer the sampl
44、evolume needed for the high precision TDS method to refrigerated sample collection bottles.4 The balance prescribed in this test method should be tested periodically according to Practice E319 or Test Method E898.5 Millipore AP-40, Whatman 934-AH, Gelman type A/E, or equivalent, was specified for th
45、e round-robin.6 The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Quinn Model SS-001, for wet slurry division) known to the committee at this time is Quinn Process Equipment Co., 3400Brighton Blvd., Denver, CO 80216. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM Interna
46、tional Headquarters.Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.D5907 133Filterable Matter (TDS) and Nonfilterable MatterFILTERABLE MATTER (TDS) AND NONFILTERABLE MATTER(TSS)10. Summary of Test Method10.1 Awell-mixed samp
47、le is filtered through a weighed standard glass fiber filter. The suspended solids are retained on the filter,which is dried at 105C and weighed. The increased mass on the filter represents the nonfilterable matter (TSS).10.2 The filtrate from 10.1 may be used to determine the filterable matter (TDS
48、).The filtered sample (liquid phase) is evaporatedto dryness and heated to 180C in a tared vessel to a constant weight.11. Procedure11.1 Prepare the glass fiber filters before use.11.1.1 Place the glass fiber filter on the membrane filter assembly, or insert into the bottom of a suitable Gooch cruci
49、ble, withthe wrinkled surface up. While a vacuum is applied, wash the disc with three successive volumes of water. Each volume of watershould be equal to 3 mL for each square centimetre of filterable surface area. For standard 47 mm 47-mm filter holders with 35mm 35-mm diameter funnels, this would be 30 mL for each wash for a total of 90 mL. Continue the vacuum until the free waterhas been removed. Discard the washings.NOTE 3Proper washing is important for removing loose fiber and wet strength resins. One 90-mL wash is not as effective as three 30
