1、Designation: D 5957 98 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Guide forFlood Testing Horizontal Waterproofing Installations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5957; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides the user with a method for testingthe watertightness of waterproofing installations applied tohor
3、izontal surfaces having a slope not greater than 20 mm/m(2 % slope) (14 in. per ft).1.2 This guide is intended for waterproofing installation onparking garages and plaza deck type applications over habit-able spaces or on elevated structures, but is not intended for useon building roofing systems. A
4、pplicable waterproofing mem-brane installations that may be tested using this guide are fullyadhered or bonded sheet membranes, liquid or fluid appliedmembranes, or loose laid sheet membranes.1.3 The procedures presented here are not intended for useon those waterproofing installation applications t
5、hat are forlong-term water storage or continuously submerged environ-ments, such as swimming pools, fountains, tank liners withhydrostatic pressure, or water storage units (storage periodgreater than 48 h).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in paren
6、theses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitatio
7、ns prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing, Waterproofing,and Bituminous Materials2.2 ACI Document:ACI 515 Guide to the Use of Waterproofing, Dampproofing,Protective, and Decorative Barrier Systems for Concrete33. Terminology3.1 For definitions
8、of terms relating to roofing and water-proofing, see Terminology D 1079.3.2 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 sacrificial sheeta material used to form a temporaryseal between a containment assembly and the waterproofingsystem. The material used for a sacrificial sheet shall not caus
9、edamage nor be detrimental to the primary system.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide uses a series of temporary containmentassemblies of pond water on horizontal surfaces to determinethe watertightness of waterproofing installations.4.2 The area to be tested is subdivided as required by thecontainment
10、 assemblies, and drains within the subdivided areaare temporarily blocked to prevent water leakage into thedrainage system.4.3 Water is ponded in the subdivided area and maintainedfor a minimum period of 24 h. The space below the testlocation is monitored for leakage during the test period.5. Signif
11、icance and Use5.1 This guide describes the techniques used to test forwatertightness of waterproofing installations on horizontalservices having a slope not greater than 20 mm/m (2 % slope)(14 in./ft). See also ACI 515.5.2 The structural capacity of the substrate to which thewaterproofing system is
12、to be installed should be reviewed bya licensed structural engineer to verify that the loads associatedwith the use of procedures described in this guide do notexceed code and design restrictions. Lateral loads will beimposed on curbs or walls used for containment of the waterduring the test procedu
13、res and their effect should be accounted1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.22 on Water-proofing and Damproofing Systems.Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally app
14、rovedin 1996. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 5957 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM web
15、site.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.for. The effects of equipment, planters, or other movableobjects present within the test
16、 area should be considered.NOTE 1Potable water weighs approximately 1000 kg/cubic m (62.3 lbper cubic ft) at 22C (71.6F) or 1 g/cm2/cm depth (5.19 lbs/ft2per in.depth).5.3 This guide describes a procedure to test for watertight-ness of waterproofing installations under ponded water with ashort-term
17、hydrostatic head measuring not more than 100 mm(4 in.).NOTE 2Increasing the amount of water forming a hydrostatic headbeyond 100 mm (4 in.) of water may be considered provided the impactof increased loads on the substrate has been reviewed and approved by alicensed structural engineer.5.4 For the pu
18、rposes of this guide, the installation of thewaterproofing membrane and flashing should be completed andthe materials fully cured. Manufacturers should specify aminimum time period for materials to cure prior to performingflood test, however, no testing should be performed during thefirst 24 h follo
19、wing installation of system materials (48 h minif materials are installed at a time when ambient temperaturesare below 10C (50F).5.5 The additional loads imposed upon the structure duringthe test period will affect the deflection of structural items. Theeffects shall be analyzed by a licensed struct
20、ural engineer priorto placement of additional loads. Critical locations shall bemonitored during the duration of the test period.5.6 This guide is not recommended to be used if freezingtemperatures are expected to occur during the test period.Ponded water can freeze and become adhered to the water-p
21、roofing system resulting in pulling or tearing of the flashingsaway from the substrate or may break interior corners.5.7 The intent of this guide is to provide a measure ofconfidence of the waterproofing installation to remain water-tight for the service life of the system, based upon the observedpe
22、rformance of the system under ponded water for a limitedperiod of time.6. Materials6.1 Drain PlugsPneumatically inflatable devices consist-ing of a rubber ball, draw chain and ring, and preset, built-inpressure relief valve; compression plugs having a screwmechanism; or other standard plumbing fixtu
23、res.6.2 Standard Air Pressure Hand Pump with HosePressuregage is optional.6.3 Vertical-Sided Shallow Pan.6.4 Containment AssembliesAssemblies to form tempo-rary dams can be constructed using one or more of thefollowing materials. Refer to Figs. 1-4, for examples ofconstructed containment assemblies.
24、6.4.1 Nominal 50-mm (2-in.) thick by 100 or 150-mm (4 or6-in.) wide wood members,6.4.2 Polyethylene film having a minimum thickness of 6mils,6.4.3 Sandbags,6.4.4 Duct tape,6.4.5 Waterproofing membrane materials,6.4.6 Adhesives and sealants,6.4.7 Scale or similar measuring device, and6.4.8 Extruded o
25、r expanded polystyrene insulation boards,approximately 30 cm (12 in.) wide.6.5 Garden Hoses or FirehosesStandard size.NOTE 3If firehoses are used, then set the hose of a flow disperser suchthat the nozzle and initial flow are not in direct contact with themembrane.6.6 Plastic BucketStandard wash buc
26、ket with bottompanal removed. Four holes measuring approximately 25.4 mm(1 in.) diameter equally spaced around the bucket at approxi-mately 25.4 mm (1 in.) from the bottom.7. Procedure7.1 Testing should be performed only after waterproofingmembrane and flashings are inspected and any deficienciesrep
27、aired.7.2 Testing prior to installation of drainage layer, protectionlayer, pavers or overburden. (See also Appendix X1.)7.3 If a protection layer is required prior to flood testing, itis recommended that a temporary protection layer be loose laidand removed prior to testing of the waterproofing sys
28、tem.7.4 Installation of Temporary Containment Assemblies:7.4.1 Construct containment assemblies to be nondestruc-tive, nonpenetrating of the waterproofing installation, andeasily removable.FIG. 1 Containment AssemblyOption No. 1D 5957 98 (2005)27.4.2 Containment assemblies consist of a sacrificial s
29、heetor a polyethylene sheet adhered to the surface of the water-proofing membrane. Seal the sheet as recommended by thewaterproofing membrane manufacturer, or seal it by using awatertight seal, such as duct tape or similar material. Followingcompletion of the testing, cut the sacrificial sheet aroun
30、d theadhered portion, leaving the adhered portion in-place unlessotherwise required by the membrane manufacturer.7.4.3 Containment assemblies also may consist of materialsthat are the same or compatible with the installed waterproof-ing system. Such materials could include felts, sheet mem-brane, an
31、d sealants. These materials can be installed in amanner similar to that used for night tie-offs, which can beremoved after the flood test or left in-place, depending on thewaterproofing system utilized.7.4.4 Securely wrap and attach the sacrificial or polyethyl-ene sheet to the containment frame.7.4
32、.5 Sandbags can be used to hold the containment frameor may be used in place of the frame and in conjunction withthe polyethylene sheet. Seal the polyethylene sheet to thewaterproofing membrane as noted above. Make certain that theweight of the sandbags or similar ballast is equivalent toapproximate
33、ly 10.4 kg per linear m (7 lbs per linear ft) ofcontainment frame or assembly.7.4.6 Base the location and number of containment assem-blies upon limitations established in this procedure, so as not toexceed the maximum ponded water heights.7.4.7 Provide overflows in the containment assemblies un-les
34、s the existing system has overflows already incorporated.Take care not to block existing overflows and to limit theheight of the containment assemblies, so as not to exceed thestructural capacity of the substrate. Make certain that theoverflows in the containment assemblies are located not highertha
35、n 125 mm (5 in.) above low point of the test surface.7.4.8 Install tapes with markings noted at 3 mm (18 in.)max, or a ruler or other scale instrument in at least twolocations on the containment walls to allow for monitoringwater loss.FIG. 2 Containment AssemblyOption No. 2FIG. 3 Containment Assembl
36、yOption No. 3FIG. 4 Containment AssemblyOption No. 4D 5957 98 (2005)37.5 Plug all drains within the segmented area with inflatableplugs. Fill area around sump of drain with water, and check forleakage around the plug before proceeding with testing the fullsegmented area.7.6 Flood segmented area with
37、 potable water to achieve aminimum cover of 25 mm (1 in.) and not to exceed a maximumdepth of 100 mm (4 in.) at low point of test area. Do not exceed65 mm (212 in.) for mean water depth. Hoses used to flood thetest area should be located away from laps in the membraneand the water aimed to flow with
38、 the laps and not against thelaps edges.7.7 Maintain water in the test area so as not to exceed aminimum level of 50 mm (2 in.) below the top edge offlashings.7.8 Prior to beginning the flood test, take the followingprecautions:7.8.1 Observe existing conditions and elements within thetest area that
39、may be sensitive to water leakage during the test;7.8.2 Notify occupants when the test is to be performed;7.8.3 Develop contingency plans to be enacted shouldleakage occur; and,7.8.4 Testing should not be performed if rain is anticipatedto occur during the test period.7.9 In a location immediately a
40、djacent to the test area,partially fill a flat-bottom, vertical-sided shallow pan to theapproximate depth of water in the adjacent test area. Exposethe surface to comparable wind conditions as the test area,throughout the test. At predetermined locations, measure thedepth of the water at both the st
41、art and conclusion of the testperiod. Calculate the changes in water depth in both the testarea and the pan. If the difference in depth in the area issubstantially greater than the pan, membrane leakage is prob-able and the test area should be drained and the area examinedfor the location of leakage
42、.7.10 Flood Test Period:7.10.1 Perform continuous flood testing for a minimum timeinterval of 24 h. Begin the test period at the time the water hasobtained the recommended test depth.7.10.2 Perform continuous flood testing for a maximumtime interval of 72 h. Do not perform continuous flood testingov
43、er a weekend unless persons are present to monitor the test.7.11 Should rain occur during the test period, discontinuetesting to avoid flooding over the edge of the flashings. Theaddition of rain water to the test area may render the measure-ments of draw-down or added water inaccurate.7.12 Provide
44、constant monitoring during the full duration ofthe flood test. Document conditions observed below the testarea before beginning the flood test and at four hour intervalsuntil completion of the flood test.7.13 If leakage is detected during the test period, immedi-ately drain water from the test area
45、as described in 7.16,determine the location of leakage, and make appropriaterepairs to the system.7.14 Make repairs to the waterproofing system in a mannerconsistent with the system design and in accordance with thesystem manufacturers recommendation for procedures andmaterials.7.15 Following the co
46、mpletion of the repairs and curing ofmaterials, retest the area under the same conditions as theinitial flood test.7.16 When draining the test area, slowly release the drainplugs to avoid damage to the drain system and to avoidpersonal injury. Uncontrolled discharge can damage the drainsystem. Alter
47、nately, use an open-ended bucket with holes,placed over the drain when releasing the drain plug. The bucketshall be plastic with the bottom removed and with four, 25.4mm (1 in.) holes located near the bottom (below water level) ofthe bucket. Holes may be covered with duct tape to control theflow of
48、water into the bucket area by removing tape asnecessary to achieve desired rate.7.17 Flood test is considered to be completed if no leaks aredetermined to have occurred during the test period and themembrane and flashings are intact (for example, not blistered).7.18 Following the test procedure, rei
49、nspect the installationincluding seams (as applicable) for evidence of water leakage,blisters, or similar adverse conditions.8. Report8.1 Prepare a written report documenting the flood testprocedure and include, but do not limit it to, the followinginformation:8.1.1 Date and time at start of test interval;8.1.2 Location of test area, which may include a plandrawing indicating test area, locations of temporary contain-ment assemblies, drains and similar items;8.1.3 Temperature, humidity, and weather;8.1.4 Type of substrate construction (include obstruction to
