1、Designation: D 5963 04Standard Test Method forRubber PropertyAbrasion Resistance (Rotary DrumAbrader)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5963; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of abrasionresistance of rubbers (vulcanized thermoset rubbers and ther-moplastic elas
3、tomers) that are subject to abrasive/frictionalwear in actual service. The abrasion resistance is measured bymoving a test piece across the surface of an abrasive sheetmounted to a revolving drum, and is expressed as volume lossin cubic millimetres or abrasion resistance index in percent.For volume
4、loss, a smaller number indicates better abrasionresistance, while for the abrasion resistance index, a smallernumber denotes poorer abrasion resistance.1.2 Test results obtained by this test method shall not beassumed to represent the wear behavior of rubber productsexperienced in actual service.1.3
5、 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priat
6、e safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemicalAnalysisD 1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used inRubber ProductsD 2240 Test Method for Rubber Pr
7、opertyDurometerHardnessD 3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized SheetsD 4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustries2.2 Other Standards:DIN
8、53516 Determination of Abrasion Resistance3ISO 868 Plastics and EboniteDetermination of Indenta-tion Hardness by Means of a Durometer (Shore Hard-ness)4ISO 2393 Rubber Test MixesPreparation, Mixing andVulcanizationEquipment and Procedures4ISO 2781 Rubber, VulcanizedDetermination of Density4ISO 4649
9、RubberDetermination of Abrasion ResistanceUsing a Rotating Cylindrical Drum Device4ISO 5725 Precision of Test MethodsDetermination ofRepeatability and Reproducibility for a Standard TestMethod by Interlaboratory Tests4ISO 7619 RubberDetermination of Indentation Hardnessby Means of Pocket Hardness Me
10、ters4ISO 9298 Rubber Compounding IngredientsZone OxideTest Methods43. Terminology3.1 abrasion loss, A, (mm3), nthe volume loss of adefined rubber test piece determined by sliding the test pieceunder specified conditions over the surface of an abrasive sheetof “nominal abrasiveness” (S0) mounted to a
11、 rotating drum ofspecified dimensions.NOTE 1This corresponds to the test method of DIN 53516 and toMethodA(Relative volume loss) of ISO 4649:1985. The same calculationcould be made for the other test methods if the proper value for the“nominal abrasiveness” (S0) for the test method were known or ass
12、umed.(150 mg has been indicated as a possible value for Method D but itsaccuracy has not been established to the degree of the Method A value.)3.1.1 DiscussionThe designation AAis used to indicatethat the test was run in accordance with Method A.3.2 abrasion resistance index ARI (%), nthe ratio of t
13、hevolume loss of a Standard Rubber to that of a test rubber1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.15 on Degradation Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved in 1997
14、. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5963 - 97a (2001)e1.This test method is an adaptation of ISO Standard 4649 (1985 revision),RubberDetermination of Abrasion Resistance Using a Rotating Cylindrical DrumDevice, and is being coordinated with a current draft revision of that standard (seeApp
15、endix X1).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN- DIN Deutsch
16、es Institut furNormung e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.expr
17、essed in percent, with the volume loss determined bysliding a defined rubber test piece under specified conditionsover the surface of an abrasive sheet of known abrasiveness S(180 to 220 mg) mounted to a rotating drum of specifieddimensions.3.2.1 DiscussionThe designations ARIA, ARIB, ARIC, andARIDa
18、re used to indicate that the test was run in accordancewith Method A, B, C, or D, respectively.3.3 “nominal abrasiveness,” (S0) of the abrasive sheet,(mg), na specified (theoretical) mass loss of 200 mg of adefined test piece of a Standard Rubber, obtained by sliding thetest piece under specified co
19、nditions over the surface of theabrasive sheet mounted to a rotating drum of specified dimen-sions.3.4 abrasiveness, S of the abrasive sheet, (mg), ntheactual mass loss, within a specified range of 180 to 220 mg, ofa defined test piece of a Standard Rubber, obtained by slidingthe test piece under sp
20、ecified conditions over the surface of theabrasive sheet mounted to a rotating drum of specified dimen-sions.3.5 Standard Rubbera natural rubber compound of speci-fied composition, mixed and vulcanized under defined condi-tions.3.5.1 DiscussionStandard Rubber#1isused to determinethe abrasiveness (S)
21、 of the abrasive sheet and to ensure that Sis within the specified range of 180 to 220 mg. The ratio of the“nominal abrasiveness” (S0) and the actual abrasiveness (S)isused to correct the abrasion loss of a test rubber for anydeviation of the abrasiveness of the abrasive sheet from thespecified “nom
22、inal abrasiveness” (200 mg).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method provides procedures for preparingcylindrical test pieces of specified dimensions from vulcanizedthermoset rubbers or thermoplastic elastomers and for evalu-ating their abrasion resistance by sliding a test piece across thesurf
23、ace of an abrasive sheet attached to a rotating drum. It alsodescribes the preparation and compliance testing of a StandardRubber (see Annex A1).4.2 The test is performed under specified conditions ofcontact pressure, sliding distance, and travel speed of the testpiece, rotational speed of the drum,
24、 and degree of abrasivenessof the abrasive sheet.4.3 The abrasiveness, S, of the abrasive sheet is defined bythe mass loss in milligrams of a test piece prepared fromStandard Rubber #1 when tested under the same specifiedconditions.4.4 Four different methods may be used to test the abrasionresistanc
25、e. Method A, uses a non-rotating test piece andMethod B a rotating test piece, both utilizing Standard Rubber#1 as the reference. Methods C and D use Standard Rubber #2as reference with a non-rotating and rotating test piece,respectively. The rotating test pieces provide, in many cases, amore unifor
26、m abrasion wear pattern.4.5 The abrasion resistance, AA, obtained in accordance withMethod A is reported as abrasion (volume) loss in cubicmillimetres, calculated from the mass loss of the test piece,density of the test rubber, and the abrasiveness of the abrasivesheet in relation to the “nominal ab
27、rasiveness” (S0) defined bya mass loss of 200 mg. A smaller number indicates a higherresistance to abrasion.4.6 The abrasion resistance, ARIAD, obtained in accordancewith Methods A, B, C, and D is reported as the abrasionresistance index in percent, calculated from the mass losses anddensities of th
28、e Standard Rubbers and test rubbers. A smallernumber indicates a lower resistance to abrasion.4.7 The mass loss obtained by the different methods candiffer and the same method shall therefore be used if mass (andvolume) losses are to be compared directly.5. Significance and Use5.1 Abrasion resistanc
29、e is a performance factor of para-mount importance for many rubber products, such as tires,conveyor belts, power transmission belts, hoses, footwear, andfloor covering. A test capable of measuring resistance toabrasion of rubber, including uniformity of wear behaviorunder abrasive/frictional service
30、 conditions is therefore highlydesirable.5.2 This test method may be used to estimate the relativeabrasion resistance of different rubbers. Since conditions ofabrasive wear in service are complex and vary widely, no directcorrelation between this accelerated test and actual perfor-mance can be assum
31、ed.5.3 This test method is suitable for comparative testing,quality control, specification compliance testing, referee pur-poses, and research and development work.6. Limitations6.1 Test pieces containing voids or porosity, or both, willyield unreliable test results.6.2 Test pieces that bounce (chat
32、ter) over the surface of theabrasive sheet rather than running smoothly will produceinaccurate test results.6.3 Test pieces that tend to extensively smear the surface ofthe abrasive sheet will provide meaningless test results.6.4 Test results obtained under any of the above conditionsshall not be us
33、ed to reach conclusions regarding the relativeabrasion resistance of rubbers.7. Apparatus and Materials7.1 Abrasion Tester:7.1.1 The abrasion tester consists of a machine frameholding a laterally movable test piece holder, a rotary cylin-drical drum to which an abrasive sheet can be fastened, and ad
34、rive system as shown in Fig. 1. Dimensions are given in Fig.2.7.1.2 The diameter of the cylindrical drum shall be 150.0 60.2 mm (5.906 6 0.008 in.) and its length approximately 500mm (20 in.), operating at a rotational frequency of 0.11 60.003 rad/s (40 6 1 rpm).7.1.3 The abrasive sheet shall be bon
35、ded tightly to the drumusing three evenly spaced double-faced pressure-sensitiveadhesive tapes, extending the full length of the drum. The tapesshall be about 50 mm (2 in.) wide and not more than 0.2 mm(0.008 in.) thick. The gap where the ends of the abrasive sheetsmeet on the adhesive tapes shall n
36、ot exceed 2 mm (0.08 in.).D59630427.1.4 It is mandatory that the abrasive sheet is bonded to thedrum in the direction of rotation marked on the surface or backof the sheet.7.1.5 The test piece holder shall be mounted on a pivotedswivel arm, which can be swung into vertical position to insertand remo
37、ve the test piece (see Note 2).NOTE 2It is recommended to install a device preventing the test pieceholder and abrasive sheet from coming into contact and damaging eachother.7.1.6 Suitable attachments may be provided to rotate the testpiece around its own axis during the test run by rotation of thet
38、est piece holder (Methods B and D). The test piece shall rotateat the rate of 1 revolution for each 50 revolutions of thecylindrical drum with the abrasive sheet fastened to the drum.7.1.7 The center axis of the test piece holder shall have anangle of 3 to the perpendicular in the direction of rotat
39、ion andthe center of the test piece shall be within 61mm(60.04 in.)directly above the longitudinal axis of the drum.7.1.8 The design of the swivel arm and holder shall be suchthat the test piece is pressed against the abrasive sheet with aforce of 10.0 6 0.2 N (2.25 6 0.04 lbf). Both swivel arm andh
40、older shall be free from vibration during operation.7.1.9 The test piece holder shall consist of a cylindricalopening with an adjustable diameter of at least 15.5 mm (0.610in.) to 16.3 mm (0.642 in.) and a device for adjusting the lengthof the test piece protruding from the opening to 2.0 6 0.2 mm(0
41、.08 6 0.008 in.).7.1.10 The swivel arm with the test piece holder is con-nected to a worm gear that moves the holder on a guide rodlaterally across the surface of the abrasive sheet attached to thecylindrical drum. The lateral displacement shall be approxi-mately 4.2 mm (0.165 in.) per revolution of
42、 the drum, so thatthe test piece passes only four times across the same area of thesheet during one test cycle.7.1.11 Placement of the holder with the test piece on thedrum at the beginning of the test and removal at the end shallbe automatic. The normal length of the abrasion path shall be40.0 6 0.
43、2 m (131.2 6 0.7 ft). This is equivalent to about 84revolutions when allowing for the thickness of 1 mm (0.04 in.)for the abrasive sheet.7.1.12 For special cases of very high volume loss, half thelength of the abrasion path, that is, 20 6 0.1 m (65.6 6 0.3 ft),equivalent to roughly 42 revolutions, m
44、ay be used.7.1.13 The test machine may be equipped with a vacuumhose and a brush that contacts the drum and aids in the removalof debris.7.2 Abrasive Sheet:7.2.1 Corundum (aluminum oxide) of grit 60 bonded to acarrier sheet of at least 400 mm (15.8 in.) width, 474 6 1mm(18.66 6 0.04 in.) length and
45、an average thickness of 1 mm(0.04 in.) shall be used as the abrasive medium.7.2.2 The sheets shall be of an abrasiveness as to cause amass loss between 180 and 220 mg when tested over anabrasion path of 40 m (131.2 ft) using a non-rotating test piece(Method A) of Standard Rubber #1 specified in Sect
46、ion 8.7.2.3 Since the abrasiveness of virgin abrasive sheets isusually higher than desired, it is necessary to blunt the sheetswith one or two test runs using a steel test piece in place of theStandard Rubber to bring it into the desired range. Thedirection of rotation used for blunting shall be mar
47、ked on thesheets.7.2.4 After blunting, the abrasive sheets shall be thoroughlycleaned by brushing, blowing, or suction and two test runs withthe Standard Rubber shall be made.7.2.5 Test results obtained with abrasive sheets, thus cali-brated, are more consistent, and it is normally possible to runse
48、veral hundred single tests using the same sheet.7.3 Rotating Test Specimen Cutting Die:7.3.1 The rotating cutting die for specimen preparation is ofa hollow drill configuration, manufactured from A2 or P2grade steel having a hardness of HRC 50, or above, of thedimensions shown in Fig. 3.7.3.2 The ro
49、tational frequency of the circular cutting dieshould be approximately 2.65 rad/s (1000 rpm) and higher forrubbers (refer to 1.1) with a hardness of less than Type A 50/1(see Test Method D 2240, ISO 868,orISO 7619).7.3.3 When obtaining test specimens using the rotatingcutting die, a lubricant that does not negatively affect theintegrity or character of the material shall be used to preventdeformation during the cutting process.FIG. 1 Abrasion TesterFIG. 2 Side View and Dimensions of Abrasion TesterD59630438. Standard Rubber8.1 Sheets of Standard Rubber may be
