1、Designation: D 5964 07Standard Practice forRubber IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903 Replacement Oils forASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2, and ASTM No. 3 Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5964; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONTest Method D 471 was revised in February 1995, establishing IRM 902 and IRM 903 asr
3、eplacements for ASTM No. 2 and No. 3 immersion oils, respectively. Unlike ASTM No. 2 and No.3 oils, the two IRM oils are severely hydrotreated, have a demonstrated negativeAmes test and do notrequire cancer warning labels under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard published inNovember 1983.Althoug
4、h it was attempted to match the effect of theASTM oils on rubber propertiesin immersion testing as closely as possible, in general, neither of the IRM oils produces test resultsexactly identical to the ASTM oils it replaced.Test Method D 471 was again revised in October 2006, establishing IRM 901 as
5、 a replacement forASTM No. 1 immersion oil. The replacement was necessitated by the sudden unavailability ofASTMNo. 1 oil. Comprehensive research and development was conducted to establish a suitablereplacement. A Precision and Bias statement will be prepared in accordance with Practice D 4483 atthe
6、 conclusion of a forthcoming interlaboratory test program and included in Test Method D 471.Although an attempt was made to match the effect of the ASTM No. 1 oil on rubber properties inimmersion testing as closely as possible, preliminary findings indicate that IRM 901 oil produces testresults that
7、 are not identical to the ASTM oil it replaced. Please refer to Test Method D 471, Table 1,for a description of the specific characteristics of IRM 901 and ASTM No. 1 oils.The selections for replacement ASTM No. 2 and No. 3 oils were made on the basis of an objectivecomprehensive test program as des
8、cribed in this practice and decisions on the data generated in thisprogram were made in open meetings of Subcommittee D11.15. The SAE Committee on AutomotiveRubber Specifications (CARS) made a recommendation on the replacement oils that was identical tothe decisions made by D11.15.This practice addr
9、esses the need for establishing a correlation between test results obtained withIRM versusASTM oils, based on results of the described test program.Although the test program wasquite comprehensive, it cannot begin to address the numerous variations in compound recipes used inthe rubber industry. Cor
10、relations established by this practice may therefore not always providesatisfactory results. In this case it is suggested that other approaches be used, such as a directcomparison of each specific rubber compound in the respective ASTM and IRM oils. All newspecifications, including oil immersion tes
11、ting, shall be established using IRM 901, IRM 902, andIRM 903 in place of ASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2, and ASTM No. 3 oils, respectively.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers three immersion oils to be used asreplacements forASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 immersion oilsas called for in Test Method D 471. The im
12、mersion oils will bedesignated as IRM 901 as a replacement for ASTM No. 1 oil,IRM 902 as a replacement for ASTM No. 2 oil, and IRM 903as a replacement for ASTM No. 3 oil. The new reference oilshave been developed under a new Committee D11 policy onreference materials (see Practice D 4678 for backgro
13、und on thenew policy and procedures).1.2 The oils, IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903, are similarbut not fully equivalent to ASTM No.1, ASTM No. 2, andASTM No. 3 oil, respectively. Refer to Table 1 for a descrip-tion of the typical properties and specifications for these oils.1This practice is under the
14、 jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D11 on Rubber andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.15 on Degradation Tests.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5964 96 (2001).1Copyright ASTM Internationa
15、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Fri Apr 18 03:47:07 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.1.3 This practice gives the necess
16、ary background and detailson the changeover from the previous oils to the new oils. SeeAnnex A1 for additional information on the commercial oilsselected to replace ASTM No. 2 and No. 3 oil and the testprogram conducted for this selection process. The changeoverfrom ASTM to IRM oils is proposed in t
17、wo steps:1.3.1 Step 1A transition phase that makes use of theEquivalent Volume Swell (EVS) for each of the two replace-ment oils. EVS(902) is the ASTM No. 2 percent volume swellvalue calculated from the measured percent volume swell valueusing IRM 902 as the immersion liquid. A similar calculationca
18、n be used to calculate the analogous EVS(903) andEVS(903) values. The EVS value is obtained as a correction ofthe measured IRM 901, 902, or 903 percent volume swellvalue. The EVS values may be used to determine if volumeswell specifications are met when the specifications are ex-pressed in terms of
19、ASTM No. 1, No. 2, or No. 3 limits, and1.3.2 Step 2Alonger term policy change or conversion ofspecifications from ASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 values toIRM 901, 902, and 903 values.1.4 The EVS values are calculated on the basis of “correc-tion equations” derived from one of two sources.1.4.1 Correct
20、ion equations derived from the results of thecomprehensive evaluation program conducted to select each ofthe two replacement oils from a group of three candidate oilsfor ASTM No. 2 and No. 3 oils. This program is described inAnnex A1.1.4.2 Correction equations derived from in-house custom-ized or sp
21、ecific testing programs to make direct comparisons ofthe volume swell (and other important properties) of the IRMand ASTM oils. These programs should be conducted in eachlaboratory of those organizations that engage in producer-userspecification testing for rubber immersion performance.1.5 This stan
22、dard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 A
23、STM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersT
24、ensionD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed AnilinePoint of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD 1414 Test Methods f
25、or Rubber O-RingsD 1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber LaticesNomenclatureD 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (ASTM Color Scale)D 1747 Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Mate-rialsD 2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto-motive ApplicationsD 2008 Test Me
26、thod for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Ab-sorptivity of Petroleum ProductsD 2140 Test Method for Carbon-Type Composition of In-sulating Oils of Petroleum OriginD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carb
27、on Black ManufacturingIndustriesD 4678 Practice for RubberPreparation, Testing, Accep-tance, Documentation, and Use of Reference Materials3. Significance and Use3.1 The reference immersion oils described in this practiceare required for the development of oil-resistant rubber com-pounds for use in e
28、nvironments where contact with petroleum-based solvents and oils is encountered. Tests for tensilestrength, percent elongation at break, hardness, and percentvolume swell are performed after a specified immersion timeperiod (at a specified temperature) in the evaluation of oil-resistant rubbers. The
29、 results of such testing by rubber productmanufacturers and their customers are used to develop oil-resistant rubbers or compounds, or both.3.2 Testing withASTM Oils No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 is usedto verify compliance with purchase specifications which refer-ence the oil-resistant classes of rubbers
30、 and elastomers listed inTable 6 of Classification D 2000. These oils are also used incomparative performance evaluation testing of O-rings and2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vo
31、lume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.D 5964 072Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Fri Apr 18 03:47:07 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.O-ring compounds as cited in
32、Test Methods D 1414. The use ofthese reference oils is required for the development andselection of oil-resistant rubber compounds having acceptableor optimum performance characteristics, or both.4. Specifying IRM 901, 902, and 903 ReferenceImmersion Oils4.1 The two oils selected to replaceASTM No.
33、2 andASTMNo. 3 immersion oils, designated IRM 902 and IRM 903,respectively, were selected on the basis of the closest match toASTM No. 2 and ASTM No. 3 oils in the comprehensiveevaluation program as outlined in Annex A1.34.2 The oil selected to replace ASTM No. 1 immersion oilwas selected on the bas
34、is of the closest match to ASTM No. 1oil in an evaluation program and designated as IRM 901.4.3 The (petroleum) specifications and typical properties ofIRM 901, 902, and 903 are given in Table 1.5. Converting ASTM Oil to IRM Oil Volume SwellValues5.1 Basis of ConversionOne of the important issues fo
35、rany user of the IRM oils, especially producer-consumer opera-tions, is the relationship and conversion of the customaryASTM oil volume swell values for proprietary and commercialcompounds to volume swell values for the new IRM oils. Asoutlined in the scope, this can be done on the basis of twoappro
36、aches.5.1.1 Calculating EVS values for IRM 901, IRM 902, orIRM 903 for any commercial compound based on (1) selectingfrom Table A1.1 and Appendix X1, the compound nearest tothe commercial compound in composition, and (2) using thepercent difference (PC d) value for this compound in theconversion or
37、correction calculation. This EVS value is anapproximate value.5.1.2 Organizing a special in-house testing program toobtain volume swell values under the appropriate conditions(time and temperature of immersion) for the selected ASTMand IRM oils for the proprietary or commercial compounds ofinterest.
38、 Once data for both oils are obtained, the relationshipbetween the two oils is established.5.1.3 If needed for future applications, calculations can bemade to correct or convert theASTM values to the IRM valuesor vice-versa for other compounds where the correction can belegitimately applied. This ap
39、proach gives corrections that arespecific to the compounds of interest; it is direct and substan-tially more accurate than the approximate approach and is therecommended conversion procedure for exact and criticalspecification applications if corrections of this sort are re-quired.5.2 Conversion Usi
40、ng the EVS ProcedureTwo proceduresare given: (1) for converting IRM values to equivalent ASTMvalues, and (2) for converting ASTM values to IRM values.The second operation may be of value in converting existingASTM value specifications to IRM value specifications as theold ASTM oil specification valu
41、es are phased out.5.2.1 Eq 1 gives the EVS(902) value, the equivalent ASTMNo. 2 oil percent volume swell value for IRM 902 oil, based onmeasured volume swell data in IRM 902 and data inTableA1.1of Annex A1.EVS902!5MVS902!S1 1PC d1100D(1)where:EVS (902) = EVS (approximate) for IRM 902 oil,MVS (902) =
42、 measured percent volume swell in IRM 902oil, andPC d1= difference between volume swells in IRM902 oil and ASTM No. 2 oil expressed as arelative percentage (from Table A1.1, se-lected in accordance with 5.1.1).5.2.2 Eq 2 may be used for converting IRM values toASTMvalues for compounds of commercial
43、interest on the same basisas described above.3The sole source of supply of the reference immersion oils (IRM 901, IRM 902,and IRM 903) known to the committee at this time is R. E. Carroll, Inc., P.O. Box5806, Trenton, NJ 08638-0806. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this infor
44、mation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.TABLE 1 Specifications and Typical Properties of IRM Reference OilsPropertySpecificationsASTMTestMethodIRM 901 IRM 902 IRM 903Aniline p
45、oint, C (F) D611 124 6 1 (255 6 2) 93 6 3 (199 6 5) 706 1 (158 6 2)Kinematic viscosity(mm2/s (cSt)38C (100F) D 445 . 31.934.199C (210F) D 445 18.12 20.34 19.221.5 .Gravity, API, 16C (60F) D 287 28.8 6 1 19.021.0 21.023.0Viscosity-Gravity constant D 2140 0.790 0.805 0.8600.870 0.8750.885Flash point C
46、OC, C (F) D92 243 (469) min 240 (464) min 163 (325) minNaphthenics, CN(%) D 2140 27 avg 35 min 40 minParaffinics, CP(%) D 2140 65 min 50 max 45 maxTypical PropertiesPour point, C (F) D97 12 (10) 12 (10) 31 (24)ASTM Color D 1500 L3.5 L2.5 L0.5Refractive index D 1747 1.4848 1.5105 1.5026UV Absorbance,
47、 260 nm D 2008 0.8 4.0 2.2Aromatics, CA(%) D 2140 31214D 5964 073Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Fri Apr 18 03:47:07 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.EVSNo. 2!5MVSNo. 2!S1 1PC d2100D(2)where:EVS (No. 2) = E
48、VS (approximate) for ASTM No. 2 oil,MVS (No. 2) = measured percent volume swell in ASTMNo. 2 oil, andPC d2= difference between volume swells inASTM No. 2 oil and IRM 902 oil ex-pressed as a relative percentage (fromTable A1.1, selected in accordance with5.1.1 (Note 1).NOTE 1By definition PC d2= PC d
49、1.5.2.3 Eq 1 and Eq 2 may be used for IRM 901/ASTM No.1 and IRM 903/ASTM No. 3 conversions or corrections bychanging the parentheses values.6. Testing Precision6.1 Although a precision statement is not a mandatorysection in a practice, the precision of volume swell testing is animportant issue for the conversion from the originalASTM oilsto the IRM oils. Annex A2 gives a review of the precisionresults obtained from the comprehensive program outlined inAnnex A1. Refer to Annex A2 for precision information.7. Keywords7.1 ASTM oils; immers
