1、Designation: D5964 16Standard Practice forRubber IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903 Replacement Oils forASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2, ASTM No. 3 Oils, and IRM 905formerly ASTM No. 5 Oil1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5964; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yea
2、r oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONTest Method D471 was revised in February 1995, establis
3、hing IRM 902 and IRM 903 asreplacements for ASTM No. 2 and No. 3 immersion oils, respectively. Unlike ASTM No. 2 and No.3 oils, the two IRM oils are severely hydrotreated, have a demonstrated negativeAmes test and do notrequire cancer warning labels under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard publi
4、shed inNovember 1983.Although it was attempted to match the effect of theASTM oils on rubber propertiesin immersion testing as closely as possible, in general, neither of the IRM oils produces test resultsexactly identical to the ASTM oils it replaced.Test Method D471 was again revised in October 20
5、06, establishing IRM 901 as a replacement forASTM No. 1 immersion oil. The replacement was necessitated by the sudden unavailability ofASTMNo. 1 oil. Comprehensive research and development was conducted to establish a suitablereplacement. A Precision and Bias statement will be prepared in accordance
6、 with Practice D4483 atthe conclusion of a forthcoming interlaboratory test program and included in Test Method D471.Although an attempt was made to match the effect of the ASTM No. 1 oil on rubber properties inimmersion testing as closely as possible, preliminary findings indicate that IRM 901 oil
7、produces testresults that are not identical to the ASTM oil it replaced. Please refer to Test Method D471, Table 1,for a description of the specific characteristics of IRM 901 and ASTM No. 1 oils.The selections for replacement ASTM No. 2 and No. 3 oils were made on the basis of an objectivecomprehen
8、sive test program as described in this practice and decisions on the data generated in thisprogram were made in open meetings of Subcommittee D11.15. The SAE Committee on AutomotiveRubber Specifications (CARS) made a recommendation on the replacement oils that was identical tothe decisions made by D
9、11.15.This practice addresses the need for establishing a correlation between test results obtained withIRM versusASTM oils, based on results of the described test program.Although the test program wasquite comprehensive, it cannot begin to address the numerous variations in compound recipes used in
10、the rubber industry. Correlations established by this practice may therefore not always providesatisfactory results. In this case it is suggested that other approaches be used, such as a directcomparison of each specific rubber compound in the respective ASTM and IRM oils. All newspecifications, inc
11、luding oil immersion testing, shall be established using IRM 901, IRM 902, andIRM 903 in place of ASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2, and ASTM No. 3 oils, respectively.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers three immersion oils to be used asreplacements forASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 immersion oilsas called for in T
12、est Method D471. The immersion oils will bedesignated as IRM 901 as a replacement for ASTM No. 1 oil,IRM 902 as a replacement for ASTM No. 2 oil, and IRM 903as a replacement for ASTM No. 3 oil. The new reference oilshave been developed under a new Committee D11 policy onreference materials (see Prac
13、tice D4678 for background on thenew policy and procedures).1.2 The oils, IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903, are similarbut not fully equivalent to ASTM No.1, ASTM No. 2, and1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D11 on Rubber andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.15 on D
14、egradation Tests.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D5964 15a. DOI:10.1520/D5964-16.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1AST
15、M No. 3 oil, respectively. Refer to Table 1 for a descrip-tion of the typical properties and specifications for these oils.1.3 ASTM No. 5 Oil was accepted into Specification D5900as an industry reference material in 2010 and designated asIRM 905. The composition, and properties of this immersionoil
16、were not changed and the data in Table 1 remains current.It was listed among the IRM immersion oils in Test MethodD471 in 2010.1.4 This practice gives the necessary background and detailson the changeover from the previous oils to the new oils. SeeAnnex A1 for additional information on the commercia
17、l oilsselected to replace ASTM No. 2 and No. 3 oil and the testprogram conducted for this selection process. The changeoverfrom ASTM to IRM oils is proposed in two steps:1.4.1 Step 1A transition phase that makes use of theEquivalent Volume Swell (EVS) for each of the two replace-ment oils. EVS(902)
18、is the ASTM No. 2 percent volume swellvalue calculated from the measured percent volume swell valueusing IRM 902 as the immersion liquid. A similar calculationcan be used to calculate the analogous EVS(903) andEVS(903) values. The EVS value is obtained as a correction ofthe measured IRM 901, 902, or
19、 903 percent volume swellvalue. The EVS values may be used to determine if volumeswell specifications are met when the specifications are ex-pressed in terms of ASTM No. 1, No. 2, or No. 3 limits, and1.4.2 Step 2A longer term policy change or conversion ofspecifications from ASTM No. 1, No. 2, and N
20、o. 3 values toIRM 901, 902, and 903 values.1.5 The EVS values are calculated on the basis of “correc-tion equations” derived from one of two sources.1.5.1 Correction equations derived from the results of thecomprehensive evaluation program conducted to select each ofthe two replacement oils from a g
21、roup of three candidate oilsfor ASTM No. 2 and No. 3 oils. This program is described inAnnex A1.1.5.2 Correction equations derived from in-house custom-ized or specific testing programs to make direct comparisons ofthe volume swell (and other important properties) of the IRMand ASTM oils. These prog
22、rams should be conducted in eachlaboratory of those organizations that engage in producer-userspecification testing for rubber immersion performance.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this s
23、tandard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD2
24、87 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D471 Test Method for
25、 Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed AnilinePoint of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD1414 Test Methods for Rubber O-RingsD1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber LaticesNomenclatureD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Sca
26、le)D1747 Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Mate-rialsD2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto-motive Applications2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
27、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.TABLE 1 Specifications and Typical Properties of IRM Reference OilsPropertySpecificationsIRM 901 IRM 902 IRM 903 IRM 905ASTMTestMethodSpecified Properties:Aniline point, C (F) 1241(2552) 933(1995) 701(1582) 1151(2392) D611K
28、inematic viscosity(mm2/s (cSt)38C (100F) . 31.934.1 . D44599C (210F) 18.12 20.34 19.221.5 . 10.811.9 D445Gravity, API, 16C (60F) 28.8 1 19.021.0 21.023.0 . D287Viscosity-Gravity constant 0.790 0.805 0.8600.870 0.8750.885 . D2501Flash point COC, C (F) 243 (469) min 240 (464) min 163 (325) min 243 (46
29、9) min D92Naphthenics, CN(%) 27 avg 35 min 40 min . D2140Paraffinics, CP(%) 65 min 50 max 45 max . D2140Typical Properties:Pour point, C (F) 12 (10) 15 (5) 42.8 (45) 15 (5) D97ASTM Color L 3.5 L 2.0 L 0.5 L 1.0 D1500Refractive index 1.4848 1.5083 1.5004 1.4808 D1747UV Absorbance, 260 nm 0.8 1.43 1.4
30、3 . D2008Aromatics, CA(%) 3 10 12 4 D2140D5964 162D2008 Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorp-tivity of Petroleum ProductsD2140 Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Compositionof Insulating Oils of Petroleum OriginD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD2501 Test Method
31、for Calculation of Viscosity-GravityConstant (VGC) of Petroleum OilsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustriesD4678 Practice
32、 for RubberPreparation, Testing,Acceptance, Documentation, and Use of Reference Mate-rialsD5900 Specification for Physical and Chemical Properties ofIndustry Reference Materials (IRM)3. Significance and Use3.1 The reference immersion oils described in this practiceare required for the development of
33、 oil-resistant rubber com-pounds for use in environments where contact with petroleum-based solvents and oils is encountered. Tests for tensilestrength, percent elongation at break, hardness, and percentvolume swell are performed after a specified immersion timeperiod (at a specified temperature) in
34、 the evaluation of oil-resistant rubbers. The results of such testing by rubber productmanufacturers and their customers are used to develop oil-resistant rubbers or compounds, or both.3.2 Testing withASTM Oils No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 is usedto verify compliance with purchase specifications which re
35、fer-ence the oil-resistant classes of rubbers and elastomers listed inTable 6 of Classification D2000. These oils are also used incomparative performance evaluation testing of O-rings andO-ring compounds as cited in Test Methods D1414. The use ofthese reference oils is required for the development a
36、ndselection of oil-resistant rubber compounds having acceptableor optimum performance characteristics, or both.4. Specifying IRM 901, 902, and 903 ReferenceImmersion Oils4.1 The two oils selected to replaceASTM No. 2 andASTMNo. 3 immersion oils, designated IRM 902 and IRM 903,respectively, were sele
37、cted on the basis of the closest match toASTM No. 2 and ASTM No. 3 oils in the comprehensiveevaluation program as outlined in Annex A1.34.2 The oil selected to replace ASTM No. 1 immersion oilwas selected on the basis of the closest match to ASTM No. 1oil in an evaluation program and designated as I
38、RM 901.4.3 The (petroleum) specifications and typical properties ofIRM 901, 902, and 903 are given in Table 1.5. Converting ASTM Oil to IRM Oil Volume SwellValues5.1 Basis of ConversionOne of the important issues forany user of the IRM oils, especially producer-consumeroperations, is the relationshi
39、p and conversion of the customaryASTM oil volume swell values for proprietary and commercialcompounds to volume swell values for the new IRM oils. Asoutlined in the scope, this can be done on the basis of twoapproaches.5.1.1 Calculating EVS values for IRM 901, IRM 902, orIRM 903 for any commercial c
40、ompound based on (1 ) selectingfrom Table A1.1 and Appendix X1, the compound nearest tothe commercial compound in composition, and (2) using thepercent difference (PC d) value for this compound in theconversion or correction calculation. This EVS value is anapproximate value.5.1.2 Organizing a speci
41、al in-house testing program toobtain volume swell values under the appropriate conditions(time and temperature of immersion) for the selected ASTMand IRM oils for the proprietary or commercial compounds ofinterest. Once data for both oils are obtained, the relationshipbetween the two oils is establi
42、shed.5.1.3 If needed for future applications, calculations can bemade to correct or convert theASTM values to the IRM valuesor vice-versa for other compounds where the correction can belegitimately applied. This approach gives corrections that arespecific to the compounds of interest; it is direct a
43、nd substan-tially more accurate than the approximate approach and is therecommended conversion procedure for exact and criticalspecification applications if corrections of this sort are re-quired.5.2 Conversion Using the EVS ProcedureTwo proceduresare given: (1) for converting IRM values to equivale
44、nt ASTMvalues, and (2) for converting ASTM values to IRM values.The second operation may be of value in converting existingASTM value specifications to IRM value specifications as theold ASTM oil specification values are phased out.5.2.1 Eq 1 gives the EVS(902) value, the equivalent ASTMNo. 2 oil pe
45、rcent volume swell value for IRM 902 oil, based onmeasured volume swell data in IRM 902 and data in TableA1.1 of Annex A1.EVS902! 5MVS902!S11PCd1100D(1)where:EVS (902) = EVS (approximate) for IRM 902 oil,MVS (902) = measured percent volume swell in IRM 902oil, andPC d1= difference between volume swe
46、lls in IRM902 oil and ASTM No. 2 oil expressed as arelative percentage (from Table A1.1, se-lected in accordance with 5.1.1).5.2.2 Eq 2 may be used for converting IRM values toASTMvalues for compounds of commercial interest on the same basisas described above.3The sole source of supply of the refere
47、nce immersion oils (IRM 901, IRM 902,and IRM 903) known to the committee at this time is R. E. Carroll, Inc., P.O. Box5806, Trenton, NJ 08638-0806. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consider
48、ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D5964 163EVSNo. 2! 5MVSNo. 2!S11PC d2100D(2)where:EVS (No. 2) = EVS (approximate) for ASTM No. 2 oil,MVS (No. 2) = measured percent volume swell in ASTMNo. 2 oil, andPC d2= difference between volume swells inASTM No. 2 o
49、il and IRM 902 oil ex-pressed as a relative percentage (fromTable A1.1, selected in accordance with5.1.1 (Note 1).NOTE 1By definition PC d2= PC d1.5.2.3 Eq 1 and Eq 2 may be used for IRM 901/ASTM No.1 and IRM 903/ASTM No. 3 conversions or corrections bychanging the parentheses values.6. Testing Precision6.1 Although a precision statement is not a mandatorysection in a practice, the precision of volume swell testing is animportant issue for the conversion from the originalASTM oilsto the IRM oils. Annex A2 gives a review of the
