1、Designation: D 5966 09Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method is continually undergoing changes to reflect refinements in procedure, obsoles-cence of
3、 parts or reagents. These changes or updates, as well as general information regarding the testmethod, are issued as information letters by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC). Copies ofinformation letters pertaining to the test method may be obtained by contacting the ASTM TestMonitoring Center.2
4、The test method can be used by any properly equipped laboratory, without assistance of anyone notassociated with that laboratory. However, TMC provides reference oils and an assessment of the testresults obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means, the laboratory will know whether theiru
5、se of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by other laboratories.Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seekingqualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a requirement,in connecti
6、on with several military lubricant specifications.Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories which utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use these services may simply ignore those portions of the testprocedure which refer to the TMC.1. Scope1.1 This engine lu
7、bricant test method is commonly referredto as the Roller Follower Wear Test. Its primary result, rollerfollower shaft wear in the hydraulic valve lifter assembly, hasbeen correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go deliveryservice prior to 1993.3It is one of the test methods required toevaluate lub
8、ricants intended to satisfy the API CG-4 perfor-mance category. This test has also been referred to as the 6.2 LTest.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalent,such
9、 as pipe fittings, thermocouple diameters, and NPT screwthreads. Also, roller follower wear is measured in mils.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate saf
10、ety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Reagents 7Guidelines on Substitution 7.1Apparatus 6Preparation of Apparatus 8New Engin
11、e Preparation 8.1Installation of Auxiliary Systems andMiscellaneous Components8.2Test Procedure 9Description of Test Segments and Organizationof Test Procedure Sections9.1Engine Parts Replacement 9.2Engine Starting Procedure 9.3Normal Engine Shutdown Procedure 9.4Emergency Shutdown Procedure 9.5Unsc
12、heduled Shutdown and Downtime 9.6New Engine Break-In 9.7Pretest Procedure 9.8Fifty-Hour Steady State Test 9.91This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.Curre
13、nt edition approved April 15, 2009. Published August 2009. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 596608.2ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.This edition incorporated revisions contained in all Information Letters through No.06-1.3
14、Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02-1218.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Periodic Measurements 9.10Oil Sampling and Oil Addition
15、Procedures 9.11End of Test (EOT) Procedure 9.12Calculation and Interpretation of Test Results 10Environment of Parts Measurement Area 10.1Roller Follower Shaft Wear Measurements 10.2Oil Analysis 10.3Assessment of Test Validity 10.4Final Test Report 11Reporting Calibration Test Results 11.1Report For
16、ms 11.2Interim Non-Valid Calibration Test Summary 11.3Severity Adjustments 11.4Precision and Bias 12Precision 12.1Precision Estimate 12.2Bias 12.3Keywords 13ANNEXESGuidelines for Test Part Substitution or Modification Annex A1Guidelines for Units and Specification Formats Annex A2Detailed Specificat
17、ions of Apparatus Annex A3Calibration Annex A4Final Report Forms Annex A5Illustrations Annex A6Kinematic Viscosity at 100C Procedure for theRoller Follower Wear TestAnnex A7Enhanced Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)Procedure for Soot MeasurementAnnex A8Sources of Materials and Information Annex A9A
18、PPENDIXESPC-9 Reference Diesel Fuel Properties Appendix X1Diagnostic Data Review Appendix X22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for P
19、our Point of Petroleum ProductsD 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer M
20、ethod)D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for GlassCapillary Kinematic ViscometersD 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Res
21、idue ofPetroleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-late FuelsD 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fl
22、uorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2709 Test Method for
23、 Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD 4737 Test Method for Calcul
24、ated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)E29 Practice for Using S
25、ignificant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etry2.2 American National Standards Institute (ANSI):5MC96.1 Temperature Measurement Thermocouples3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blowby, nin internal combustion engines
26、, the com-bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D 41753.1.2 BTDC, adjabbreviation for Before Top Dead Cen-ter, used with the degree symbol to indicate the angularposition of the crankshaft relative to its position at the point ofuppermost travel of the piston in
27、 the cylinder.3.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E 3443.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil which is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is tested against that specification. D 41
28、753.1.5 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, orboth, between the moving parts within an engine; removesheat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves asa combustion gas sealant for piston rings.3.1.5.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain properties. Inh
29、ibition of engine rusting, deposit forma-tion, valve train wear, oil oxidation and foaming are examples.D 41753.1.6 light-duty, adj in internal combustion engine opera-tion, characterized by average speeds, power output, andinternal temperatures that are generally much lower than thepotential maximu
30、ms. D 44853.1.7 light-duty engine, n in internal combustion enginetypes, one that is designed to be normally operated at substan-tially less than its peak output. D 44854For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua
31、l Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.D59660923.1.8 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces fr
32、iction or wear, or both, between them.D 41753.1.9 lubricating oil, na liquid lubricant, usually compris-ing several ingredients, including a major portion of base oiland minor portions of various additives. D 41753.1.10 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis fo
33、r comparison.3.1.10.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D 41753.1.11 used oil, nany oil that has been in a piece ofequipment (for example, an engine, gearbo
34、x, transformer, orturbine), whether operated or not. D 41753.1.12 wear, nthe loss of material from, or reduction ofmaterial on, a surface.3.1.12.1 DiscussionWear generally occurs between twosurfaces moving relative to each other, and is the result ofmechanical or chemical action or a combination of
35、both.D 41754. Summary of Test Method4.1 A pre-assembled GM V8 diesel test engine is installedon a test stand and operated for 50 h.4.2 The test engine operating conditions are generally moreextreme than typical service operating conditions. These con-ditions provide high soot loading and accelerated
36、 roller fol-lower shaft wear while maintaining correlation with wearlevels found in the field.34.3 At the end of the test, the performance of the engine oilis determined by measuring the level of wear on the rollerfollower shafts.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to determine the a
37、bility of anengine crankcase oil to control wear that can develop in thefield under low to moderate engine speeds and heavy engineloads. Side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in deliveryvan fleets were used to demonstrate the field performance ofvarious oils.3The specific operating conditions
38、 of this testmethod were developed to provide correlation with the fieldperformance of these oils.5.2 This test method, along with other test methods, definesthe minimum performance level of the Category API CG-4 forheavy duty diesel engine lubricants. Passing limits for thiscategory are included in
39、 Specification D 4485.5.3 The design of the engine used in this test method is notrepresentative of all modern diesel engines. This factor, alongwith the specific operating conditions used to accelerate wear,shall be considered when extrapolating test results.6. Apparatus6.1 A listing and complete d
40、escription of all apparatus usedin the test is found in Annex A3. Information concerningprocurement of apparatus can be found in Appendix X1.7. Reagents7.1 Guidelines on SubstitutionNo substitutions for thereagents listed in 7.1.1-7.1.3 are allowed.7.1.1 Cleaning Solvent, For cleaning parts, use onl
41、y mineralspirits meeting the requirements of Specification D 235, TypeII, Class C for Aromatic Content (volume fraction (0 to 2) %),Flash Point (61C, min) and Color (not darker than +25 on theSaybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co Scale. (WarningCombustible.Health hazard.) Obtain a Certificate of Analysis for
42、 each batchof solvent from the supplier.7.1.2 Engine CoolantThe engine coolant is a solution ofdemineralized water which has less than 0.03 g/kg dissolvedsolids and an ethylene glycol based anti-freeze mixed at thefollowing concentration70 % antifreeze and 30 % water byvolume.7.1.2.1 Demineralized W
43、ater, is used as a generic term todescribe pure water. Deionized or distilled water may also beused as long as the total dissolved solids content is less than0.03 g/kg.7.1.3 FuelApproximately 600 L of PC9 Reference Die-sel Fuel are required for each test.6(WarningCombustible.Health hazard. Use adequ
44、ate safety provisions.)7.1.3.1 Fuel Batch AnalysisEach fuel shipment does notneed to be analyzed upon receipt from the supplier. However,laboratories are responsible for periodic checks for contamina-tion. Any analysis results for parameters tested should bewithin the tolerances shown on Form 20. If
45、 any results falloutside the tolerances shown on Form 20, the laboratory shouldcontact the Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2for help in resolv-ing the problem.7.1.3.2 Fuel Batch StorageThe fuel should be stored inaccordance with all applicable safety and environmental regu-lations.7.1.4 Break-In OilAppr
46、oximately 8 kg of break-in oil arenecessary for new engine break-in. Break-in oil is defined asany SAE 15W-40, API CG-4 quality oil.7.1.5 Non-Reference Test OilAminimum of 20 kg of newoil are required to complete the test.A25 kg sample of new oilis normally provided to allow for inadvertent losses.7
47、.1.6 Calibration Test OilA 22 kg sample of reference oilis provided by the TMC for each calibration test.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 New Engine PreparationParagraphs 8.1.1 through8.1.8 describe preparations that are only performed on a newengine before conducting the new engine break-in.8.1.1 Eng
48、ine Front Cover Installation Install the frontcover to the front of the engine block with the gasket suppliedand torque all bolts to 40 Nm.8.1.2 Oil Sump Drain LocationInstall a drain in the sumpas described in A3.9.3.7.8.1.3 Glow Plug ReplacementRemove the glow plugs andinstall 27-in. dry seal NPT
49、socket pressure plugs. Torque theplugs to 20 Nm.6Available from Chevron Phillips, Phillips 66 Co., Marketing Services Center,P.O. Box 968, Borger, TX 790080968.D59660938.1.4 Cold Start Solenoid Disablement Disconnect thecold start solenoid.8.1.5 Exhaust ManifoldsCheck the flanges to ensure thegasket surfaces are not distorted. Install the required water-cooled exhaust manifolds with the discharge toward the rear ofthe engine. Use the special studs supplied with the manifolds,and torque the studs to 30 Nm.8.1.6 Rocker Arm Cover PreparationInsta
