1、Designation: D5982 07D5982 15Standard Test Method forDetermining Cement Content of Fresh Soil-Cement (Heat ofNeutralization Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5982; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the cement content of fresh soil-cement. Th
3、is test method can be usedfor determining the cement content of specimens that contain 3 to 16 % cement. This test method is appropriate for soil-cementcontaining up to 55 % plus 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve-size particles with a maximum particle size of 75 mm (3 in.). It should not beused for determining
4、the Class F pozzolan content of these mixtures.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026.1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this test method are regarded
5、as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The proceduresused do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the usersobjectives; it is common pract
6、ice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data commensurate with such considerations.It is beyond the scope of this test method to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The
7、 inch-pound units values given in parenthesesare for information only.mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are notconsidered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.3.
8、1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitational system of units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit offorce (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The converted slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations areinvolved.1.3.2 It is common practice in the engi
9、neering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit ofmass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and thegravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate s
10、ets of inch-pound units within a singlestandard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit formass. However the use of balances or scales, recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded asnoncon
11、formance with this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations pr
12、ior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soi
13、l and Rock by MassD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and Construction1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt
14、ee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007Nov. 15, 2015. Published December 2007December 2015. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20022007as D5982 02.D5982 07. DOI: 10.1520/D5982-07.10.1520/D5982-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visi
15、t theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standar
16、d an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM i
17、s to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Mass
18、es for Use in Soil, Rock, and ConstructionMaterials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical DataE644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology D653 for terms relating to soil.3.1.2 Refer to Terminolo
19、gy C219 for terms relating to hydraulic cement.3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of common technical terms used in this standard, refere to Terminology standards D653 andC219.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat of neutralizationthe difference between the temperature of soil-ce
20、ment/buffer solution after mixing and the averageof buffer solution and soil-cement test specimen temperature before mixing.3.2.2 percent cementpercentage of cement by total mass of specimen.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A representative sample of fresh soil-cement is obtained. The temperature of the
21、 soil-cement test specimen and a buffersolution are determined separately and recorded. The buffer solution is added to the soil-cement test specimen and vigorouslymixed. After mixing, the temperature of the soil-cement/buffer solution mixture is determined and recorded. The heat ofneutralization is
22、 calculated and, from a previously established calibration curve, the cement content of the test specimen isobtained.5. Significance and Use5.1 This procedure provides a means for reliably determining the cement content of soil-cement in approximately 15 to 20 min.The procedure can be used to determ
23、ine the cement content of soil-cement to 61 percentage point by mass of dry sample of theactual cement content, that is generally adequate for most construction control applications.5.2 The buffer solution reacts with the calcium hydroxide in the cement and may react with calcareous material in the
24、soil toproduce heat. Any reaction from calcareous soil is accommodated in the calibration curve but below 3 % cement content there isusually insufficient temperature reaction for reliable results. Because Class F pozzolan may not contain any calcium hydroxide forreaction, this test method will not d
25、etermine percentage Class F pozzolan in the mix.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability ofthe equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally conside
26、red capable of competent and objectivetesting/sampling/inspection/ and the like. UserUsers of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assureensurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some o
27、f those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Balance or ScaleChosen in accordance with Specification D4753.6.1.1 A typical balance or scale used for obtaining the mass of a soil-cement test specimen must be readable to 0.01 kg or 0.01lbm and have a minimum capacity of about 9.1 9 kg (20 lbm).6.1.2 A typical bala
28、nce or scale used for preparing the buffer solution (see 7.4) must be readable to 0.1 g and have a capacityof about 3000 g.g (6.6 lbm).6.2 Digital Thermometer, 0 to 100C range, readable to 0.1C, conforming to the requirements of Test Methods E644. Thedigital thermometer must be equipped with a therm
29、ocouple probe as short as possible and no more than 130 mm (5 in.) in length.6.3 Specimen Container, leakproof, widemouth plastic (Nalgene) container, 4-L (1-gal) capacity, with screw cap, minimum ofthree recommended. One cap should be pierced in the center to allow insertion of the thermometer prob
30、e.6.4 Timing Device, A a stopwatch or other suitable timing device readable to 1 s.6.5 Glass or Plastic Beaker, Approximately approximately 3000-mL (0.8-gal) capacity.6.6 Funnel, Widemouthwidemouth funnel to fit mouth of specimen container (see 6.3).6.7 Hand Scoop, Flatbottomflatbottom and scoop wit
31、h handle; approximate bowl dimensions, 75 by 150 mm (3-(312 by 6 in.).6.8 Gloves, Protectiveprotective gloves to be worn whenever handling buffer solution.6.9 Specimen Container Holder, Angle angle irons, woodblocks, or other suitable material capable of holding the specimencontainer securely in an
32、inverted position.6.10 Buffer Container, A a suitable container with pouring spout or spigot, preferably plastic, of sufficient capacity to hold abuffer solution supply for daily testing. Each test performed requires 1.5 L (0.4 gal) of buffer solution.D5982 1526.11 Pail, Plasticplastic pail, minimum
33、 4-L (1-gal) capacity.6.12 Spoon, Largelarge metal spoon for mixing the soil-cement calibration test specimens as described in Section 10.6.13 Mixing Container, An an 11- to 15-L (3- to 4-gal) container, preferably plastic, used for mixing the soil-cement calibrationtest specimens as described in Se
34、ction 10.6.14 Shovel or Large Scoop, Square square faced shovel or large scoop, used for obtaining fresh sample from belt, hopper, truck,or site.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Distilled water is to be used for preparing the buffer solution as described in 7.4. Tapwater Potable water that is free of ac
35、ids,alkalies, or oils and is suitable for drinking should be used for rinsing the thermocouple probe and lid.7.2 Sodium AcetateAnhydrous (crystalline) sodium acetate, technical grade or better, 225 g (0.5 lbm) required for each testspecimen.7.3 Glacial Acetic AcidLiquid glacial acetic acid, technica
36、l grade or better, 360 g (0.8 lbm) required for each test specimen.7.4 Preparation of Buffer Solution : Solution:7.4.1 Prepare 1.5 liters litres (0.4 gal) of buffer solution for each specimen.7.4.2 Dissolve 225 g (0.5 lbm) of anhydrous sodium acetate in 500 mL (17 oz) of distilled water, stirring co
37、nstantly.NOTE 2A blender or malt mixer may be used to help dissolve the anhydrous sodium acetate.7.4.3 Add 360 g of glacial acetic acid to the sodium acetate/water solution prepared in 7.4.2.7.4.4 Add distilled water to bring the final volume to 1.5 L. L (0.4 gal). Mix thoroughly.NOTE 3Subsection 7.
38、4 provides sufficient buffer for one test. If more than one test is to be performed, the proportions given should be adjusted toprovide enough buffer solution to complete testing required for that day (see subsection 7.5).7.5 Buffer solution is to be used within 24 h after it is mixed.8. Safety Haza
39、rds8.1 Chemicals used in this procedure contain acid that can be irritating to exposed skin. Perform this procedure only withadequate ventilation and with rinse water available. Wear rubber gloves, laboratory coat or apron, and safety glasses or goggles.8.2 After mixing the soil-cement/buffer soluti
40、on and before removing the lid, place a towel over the top of the specimencontainer. The pressure generated while mixing can cause fluid to spray as the lid is removed.9. Technical Hazards9.1 The calibration curve is specific to the mix design and material used. If mix design percentages are changed
41、 or if the sourceof material is changed, a new calibration curve must be developed.9.2 Soil-cement with gravel is highly susceptible to segregation during handling. To minimize segregation, use care in obtainingsamples, selecting specimens, and during remixing and testing of the soil-cement specimen
42、.9.3 Soil-cement samples are to be tested within 60 min from the time water and cement first come into contact during mixingat the lab, mixing plant, or on site.9.4 Soil-cement samples must be protected from moisture loss prior to testing.9.5 The temperature difference between the buffer solution an
43、d soil-cement specimen should not exceed 4C. If the temperaturedifference is equal to or greater than 4C, heat or cool the buffer solution to within 4C of the soil-cement specimen.9.6 Gelling or stiffening of the soil-cement/buffer solution mixture may occur when testing specimens having cement cont
44、entsgreater than 16 %. If this occurs, the ratio of mass of buffer solution to mass of soil-cement specimen (1.65 kg buffer solution to1.50 kg soil-cement) (3.64 to 3.30 lbm) given in this test method cannot be used and a new mass ratio must be established.9.7 The buffer solution used in the test me
45、thod consists of glacial acetic acid, water, and sodium acetate. Glacial acetic acid iscorrosive and ignitable and gives a distinct vinegar odor to the buffer mixture. Sodium acetate and calcium acetate (a reactionproduct) are not considered to be toxic or hazardous chemicals. The acidity of the buf
46、fer solution changes from pH 2 to pH 5.2during testing and can be disposed of with the cement waste. If, after testing, a higher pH value is desired or if there is unreactedbuffer solution, additional cement or lime may be added to the mixture prior to disposal.10. Sampling10.1 Obtain a fresh soil-c
47、ement sample using either the method described in 10.1.1 or 10.1.2. The method selected dependsupon the reason for testing. Subsection 10.1.1 is to be used if the production process at the mixing plant is to be checked.Subsection 10.1.2 is to be used during placement of soil-cement at the time of co
48、nstruction.D5982 15310.1.1 Using a square faced shovel or large scoop, obtain a minimum 2-kg (5-lbm) sample from the mixing plant. The sampleshould be taken immediately after the soil-cement is deposited in the truck or onto the site. Segregation of the gravel fraction mayoccur during the dumping. W
49、hen obtaining the sample, visually observe if it appears representative of the specified mixtureproportions. If the sample does not appear representative, it should be discarded and a new sample obtained. Place the soil-cementsample in a large air-tight bucket or other suitable container (see 9.2 9.4 ).10.1.2 Using a shovel or large scoop, obtain a minimum 2-kg (5-lbm) sample from the material obtained at the construction sitefor density or compressive strength testing, or both. When obtaining the sample, visually observe if it appears representative ofthe s
