1、Designation: D5983 13Standard Specification forMethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) for DownstreamBlending for Use in Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5983; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers requirements for fuel grademethyl tertiary-butyl
3、ether utilized in commerce, terminalblending, or downstream blending with fuels for spark-ignitionengines. Other MTBE grades may be available for blendingthat are not covered by this specification.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are incl
4、uded in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD
5、1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD4045 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byHydrogenolysis and Rateometric ColorimetryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquid
6、s by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for
7、Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5441 Test Method for Analysis of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether(MTBE) by Gas Chromat
8、ographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and RelatedProducts by Monochromatic Wavelength DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE300 P
9、ractice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 methanol, nthe chemical compound CH3OH.3.1.2 methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), nthe chemicalcompound (CH3)3COCH3C5H12O.3.1.3 oxygenate,
10、nan oxygen-containing ashless, organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asa fuel or fuel supplement.4. Performance Requirements4.1 Methyl tertiary-butyl ether utilized in commerce, termi-nal blending, or downstream blending with fuels for groundvehicles equipped with spark-ign
11、ition engines shall conform tothe requirements of Table 1.NOTE 1Individual applications may require a more restrictive sulfurlimit. These requirements are to be negotiated between buyer and seller.5. Workmanship5.1 The MTBE shall be visually free of undissolved water,sediment, and suspended matter.
12、It shall be clear and bright atthe ambient temperature or 21C (70F), whichever is higher.5.2 The specification defines only a basic purity for thisproduct. The product shall be free of any adulterant or1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubri
13、cants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved June 15, 2013. Published July 2013. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5983 06 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D5983-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,
14、visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International
15、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1contaminant that may render the material unacceptable for itscommonly used applications.5.3 Manufacturers and importers of MTBE shall avoidcontamination by silicon-containing materials. Silicon con-tamination of ga
16、soline-oxygenate blends has led to fouledvehicle components (for example, spark plugs, exhaust oxygensensors, catalytic converters) requiring parts replacement andrepairs. Test Method D7757 is a procedure for determiningsilicon that might be applicable to MTBE. Additional studieswill be needed to in
17、clude MTBE into the scope of Test MethodD7757. No specification limits have been established forsilicon.6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling6.1 The user is strongly advised to review all intended testmethods prior to sampling in order to understand the impor-tance and effects of sampling tec
18、hnique, proper containers, andspecial handling required for each test method.6.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtain asample representative of the lot intended to be tested. Useappropriate procedures in Practice D4057 or Practice E300 formanual method sampling and in Practice D4177 fo
19、r automaticmethod sampling as applicable.6.3 The correct sample volume and appropriate containerselection are important decisions that can impact test results.Refer to Practice D4306 for aviation fuel container selectionfor tests sensitive to trace contamination. Refer to PracticeD5854 for procedure
20、s on container selection and samplemixing and handling. Where practical, MTBE should besampled in glass containers. If samples must be collected inmetal containers, do not use soldered metal containers. This isbecause the soldering flux in the containers and the lead in thesolder can contaminate the
21、 samples. Plastic containers shouldbe avoided.6.4 Sample SizeAminimum of about 2 Lis recommended.6.5 Lot SizeA lot shall normally consist of the amountcontained in a tanker compartment or other bulk container inwhich it is delivered. If this definition does not apply, thedefinition of a lot must be
22、agreed upon between the supplierand purchaser.7. Test Methods7.1 The scope of some of the test methods specified belowdo not include MTBE. The precision of those test methods maydiffer from the reported precisions when testing MTBE.7.2 AppearanceTest Method D4176, Procedure 1.7.3 SulfurTest Method D
23、4045 (see Note 2).7.4 Solvent-Washed Gum ContentTest Method D381, air-jet apparatus.7.5 MTBE, mass %Test Method D5441.7.6 Methanol, mass %Test Method D5441.7.7 API Gravity at 15.6CPractice D1298.7.8 Density at 15CPractice D1298 or Test MethodD4052.7.9 Copper Strip CorrosionTest Method D130,3hat50C.7
24、.10 Water ContentTest Methods E203 or E1064.7.11 Vapor PressureTest Method D4953.7.12 Color, SayboltTest Method D156.NOTE 2Test Method D4045 may require dilution of the sample witha sulfur-free diluent.8. Keywords8.1 automotive spark-ignition engine fuel; blending; corro-sion; impurities; methanol;
25、methyl tertiary-butyl ether; oxy-genate; water contentTABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperty LimitsAppearance Clear and brightColor, Saybolt, min + 5Sulfur, mg/kg, max 300Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5.0Copper strip corrosion, max 1MTBE, mass %, min 95.0Methanol, mass% , max 0.5Vapor
26、 pressure, kPa, max 62Water, mass %, max 0.10API gravity at 15.6C or density at 15C, kg/L ReportD5983 132APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTM SPECIFICATION FOR MTBE FOR DOWNSTREAM BLENDING FOR USE IN AUTOMOTIVESPARK-IGNITION ENGINE FUELX1.1 GeneralX1.1.1 Methyl tertiary-butyl e
27、ther may be used as a blend-ing component for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel tomeet the oxygenate content requirements or improve theantiknock quality, or both, of certain types of fuels. MTBEpurchased under this specification will assist terminal ordownstream blenders in the use of MTBE as a
28、 blendingcomponent.X1.1.2 The composition of unleaded fuel is subject to therules, regulations, and Clean Air Act waivers of the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The use of oxygen-ates in blends with unleaded gasoline is described underSection 211(f) (1) of the Clean Air Act. The performan
29、cerequirements of this specification were established to helpensure that the addition (in appropriate amounts) of MTBE asdescribed in this specification would not be detrimental to theproperties of the fuel blend.X1.2 AppearanceX1.2.1 Methyl tertiary-butyl ether as covered by this speci-fication is
30、a relatively pure material. Suspended materials,sediments, or contaminants in the MTBE which cause a cloudyor colored appearance may adversely affect the performance ofthe finished fuel blend in automotive spark-ignition engines.Also, a cloudy or colored appearance may indicate excessivewater or con
31、tamination by materials not directly measuredunder this specification.X1.3 SulfurX1.3.1 Sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds contributeto engine wear, deterioration of engine oil, exhaust catalystdeactivation, and corrosion of exhaust system parts in spark-ignition engine systems. The limit on sul
32、fur is included toensure that the finished blend of fuel is not detrimental to thesesystems.X1.4 Solvent-Washed Gum ContentX1.4.1 The test for solvent-washed gum content measuresthe amount of residue after evaporation of the fuel componentand following a heptane wash. The heptane wash removes thehep
33、tane-soluble, nonvolatile material such as additives, carrieroils used with additives, and diesel fuels. Solvent-washed gumconsists of fuel-insoluble gum and fuel-soluble gum. Thefuel-insoluble portion can clog fuel filters. Both can bedeposited on surfaces when the fuel evaporates. The solvent-wash
34、ed gum content test may also indicate contamination ofthe methyl tertiary-butyl ether during shipping and storage.The limit is included to ensure that finished blends of gasolinedo not contain excess solvent-washed gum and handlingcontamination is minimized.X1.4.2 Solvent-washed gum can contribute t
35、o deposits onthe surfaces of carburetors, fuel injectors, and intakemanifolds, ports, valves, and valve guides. The impact ofsolvent-washed gum on malfunctions of modern engines is notwell established, and the current limit has been assumed fromthe historic gasoline limit rather than from any recent
36、 correla-tive work. It depends on where the deposits form, the presenceof other deposit precursors such as airborne debris, blowby andexhaust gas, recirculation gases, and oxidized engine oil, andthe amount of deposits.X1.4.3 Because the precision statements for Test MethodD381 were developed using
37、only data on hydrocarbons, theymay not be applicable to MTBE.X1.5 Copper Strip CorrosionX1.5.1 Fuels must pass the copper strip corrosion test tominimize corrosion in fuel systems due to sulfur compounds inthe fuel. This limit is included to ensure that the methyltertiary-butyl ether does not contri
38、bute to copper corrosion.X1.6 Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether PurityX1.6.1 The methyl tertiary-butyl ether minimum puritylevel limits the quantities of contaminants. Some organiccompounds other than MTBE may adversely affect the prop-erties of finished fuel blends.X1.7 Methanol ContentX1.7.1 Methanol is
39、 one of the reactants in the production ofMTBE and is a potential contaminant. Methanol contributes tovapor pressure increase and poorer water tolerance of finishedfuel blends. The U.S. EPA substantially similar rule limits themethanol content of unleaded fuels. Therefore, it is necessaryto limit th
40、e methanol content of MTBE.X1.8 Water ContentX1.8.1 Blends of MTBE and hydrocarbon gasoline have alimited solvency for water. This solvency will vary with thechemical composition, temperature, and MTBE content of thefuel. Excess water (which may be soluble in the MTBE) maynot be soluble in the gasol
41、ine-MTBE blend and could result ina hazy fuel that does not meet the clear and bright requirementof Specification D4814. The water content of MTBE used forblending with hydrocarbon gasoline is limited to reduce therisk of haze formation.X1.9 Vapor PressureX1.9.1 The vapor pressure of a finished fuel
42、 blend must behigh enough to ensure ease of engine starting. Excessive vaporpressure, however, may contribute to vapor lock or highevaporative emissions and running losses.D5983 133X1.9.2 The vapor pressure of MTBE is controlled to pre-vent adversely affecting the vapor pressure of the finishedblend
43、. A vapor pressure in excess of the value specified inSection 4 may indicate contamination by a light hydrocarbon.Therefore, the vapor pressure must be controlled.SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.A0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D5983 06 (201
44、1) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Added Test Method D7757 to Section 2. (2) Added 5.3.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that dete
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47、t your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints
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